Course book

COURSE BOOK | Course coordinator and list of teachers | Two Lectures on Introduction &

COURSE BOOK
RADIOLOGY page 7 UROLOGY page 15
ANESTHESIA page 23 OTOLARYNGOLOGY page 26
DERMATOLOGY page 37 GYNECOLOGY page 42
MEDICINE page 57 OPHTHALMOLOGY page 60
PEDIATRICS page 70 SURGERY page 75
PRACTICAL SESSIONS page 78

2011 1 Fifth stage Course Book


Extended Contents
COURSE BOOK .............................................................................................................................1
RADIOLOGY .................................................................................................................................7
Course coordinator and list of teachers ............................................................................................ 7
Course Overview ................................................................................................................................ 7
Reading lists: ...................................................................................................................................... 7
Syllabus .............................................................................................................................................. 8
Detail of Syllabus................................................................................................................................ 8
 Two Lectures on Introduction & Technical Considerations: given by Dr. Ameer .................................... 8
 Spine: Two Lectures given by Dr. Ameer ................................................................................................. 9
 Skull & brain; 2 Lectures given by Dr. Ameer .......................................................................................... 9
 Sinuses, Orbits & Neck one lecture by Dr. Ameer: ................................................................................ 10
 Interventional Radiology: one Lecture by Dr. Ameer. ........................................................................... 10
 Plain abdominal radiographs: One lecture given by Dr. kawa Abdulla ................................................. 10
 GIT Contrast examination & other imaging modalities: Five Lectures by Dr. kawa .............................. 10
 Hepato - biliary system; three Lectures given by Dr. kawa ................................................................... 11
 Peritoneal cavity & retroperitoneum; two Lectures given by Dr. kawa ................................................ 11
 Chest: Seven lectures given by Dr. Abeer Kadum Abass ....................................................................... 11
 Cardiovascular system (CVS) : Four lectures given by Dr. Abeer Kadum Abass. ................................... 12
 Bone & Joint diseases: Four Lectures by Dr. Salah Kalary ..................................................................... 13
 Bone Trauma: One Lecture by Dr.Salah Kalary. ..................................................................................... 14
UROLOGY .................................................................................................................................. 15
Course coordinator and list of teachers .......................................................................................... 15
Course Overview .............................................................................................................................. 15
Course Objectives ............................................................................................................................ 15
Course Reading List .......................................................................................................................... 16
Syllabus ............................................................................................................................................ 16
Detail of Syllabus.............................................................................................................................. 17
 Lectures titles (the kidney) .................................................................................................................... 17
 Lectures titles (the Prostate) ................................................................................................................. 17
 Lectures title: (Urinary bladder) ............................................................................................................ 18
 Lectures titles (the penis and urethra) .................................................................................................. 18
 Lectures titles (the testis) ...................................................................................................................... 19
Student feedback for the subject of a lecture ................................................................................. 19
Examinations.................................................................................................................................... 20
 Types of questions: ................................................................................................................................ 20
 The number of questions and marks are divided as follows: ................................................................ 20
 Advices and directions for all students before and during exams. ....................................................... 20
 Sample Questions .................................................................................................................................. 20
Student feedback on the course ...................................................................................................... 22



ANESTHESIA ............................................................................................................................... 23
Anesthesia Lectures ......................................................................................................................... 23
Detailed Syllabus .............................................................................................................................. 23
 Introduction to anesthesia 5 Hrs ........................................................................................................... 23
 Types of Anesthesia 1Hr ........................................................................................................................ 23
 Drugs used in anesthesia 4hrs ............................................................................................................... 23
 Post operative complications 3hrs ........................................................................................................ 24
 Pain management 2hrs .......................................................................................................................... 24
 Airway Management 5hr ....................................................................................................................... 24
 Monitoring 1hr....................................................................................................................................... 24
 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation 2hr ....................................................................................................... 24
 Intensive Care Unite 4hrs ...................................................................................................................... 24
 References ............................................................................................................................................. 24
Question Examples .......................................................................................................................... 24
OTOLARYNGOLOGY.................................................................................................................... 26
Course coordinator and list of teachers on this course................................................................... 26
Course Overview .............................................................................................................................. 26
Course Objectives ............................................................................................................................ 26
Syllabus ............................................................................................................................................ 27
Detailed Syllabus .............................................................................................................................. 28
Examinations.................................................................................................................................... 34
 Time of exam. ........................................................................................................................................ 34
 Samples of MCQ, Single choice, long and short essays ......................................................................... 34
 External examiner .................................................................................................................................. 36
DERMATOLOGY ......................................................................................................................... 37
Contents ........................................................................................................................................... 37
1 - Course coordinator and list of teachers on this course ............................................................. 37
2 - Course Overview ......................................................................................................................... 37
3 - Course objectives ........................................................................................................................ 38
4 - Course Reading list ..................................................................................................................... 38
5 - Syllabus ....................................................................................................................................... 38
6 - The Scientific contents:............................................................................................................... 39
7 - Exams .......................................................................................................................................... 39
8 - Samples of the expected questions and their answers .............................................................. 39
 Example for Compositional questions ................................................................................................... 39
 MCQs: .................................................................................................................................................... 39
GYNECOLOGY ............................................................................................................................ 42



Course Overview .............................................................................................................................. 42
Course objectives ............................................................................................................................. 42
Course Reading list........................................................................................................................... 43
Syllabus ............................................................................................................................................ 43
 Family Planning: ..................................................................................................................................... 44
 Early pregnancy problems: .................................................................................................................... 44
 Benign tumours of the uterus................................................................................................................ 45
 Menopause and HRT.............................................................................................................................. 46
 Operative Gynaecology ......................................................................................................................... 46
 Normal and abnormal sexual development .......................................................................................... 46
 Gynaecological disorders of childhood and adolescence ...................................................................... 47
 Infertility ................................................................................................................................................ 47
 Genital tuberculosis ............................................................................................................................... 47
 Premalignant conditions of the cervix. .................................................................................................. 48
 Cervical cancer ....................................................................................................................................... 48
 Hyperandrogenism, hirsutism and polycystic ovary s ........................................................................... 48
 Secondary amenorrhea ......................................................................................................................... 49
 Vaginal discharge ................................................................................................................................... 49
 Diseases of the vulva and vagina ........................................................................................................... 49
 Subject name: pelvic inflammatory disease. ......................................................................................... 49
 Endometriosis: ....................................................................................................................................... 50
 Ovarian tumours: ................................................................................................................................... 50
 Genital prolapse:.................................................................................................................................... 50
 Dysmenorrhoea ..................................................................................................................................... 51
 Sexually transmitted infections (2 hours) .............................................................................................. 51
 Primary amenorrhoea............................................................................................................................ 51
 Disorders of the menstrual cycle/ abnormal vaginal bleeding ............................................................. 52
 Post menopausal bleeding (PMB).......................................................................................................... 52
 Operative gyneacology/ laparoscopy .................................................................................................... 52
 Premalignant and malignant disorders of the uterine corpus .............................................................. 52
Student's feedback on the subject .................................................................................................. 53
Exams ............................................................................................................................................... 54
Types of questions: .......................................................................................................................... 54
Samples of the expected questions and their answers ................................................................... 54
 Long essay question:.............................................................................................................................. 54
 Short essays questions: ......................................................................................................................... 54
 Multiple choice questions...................................................................................................................... 55
 Single choice questions:......................................................................................................................... 55
External Examiner ............................................................................................................................ 56
MEDICINE .................................................................................................................................. 57
Course coordinator and list of teachers .......................................................................................... 57



Course Overview .............................................................................................................................. 57
Exams ............................................................................................................................................... 58
 Composition (Essay) ;............................................................................................................................. 58
 MCQs ..................................................................................................................................................... 59
OPHTHALMOLOGY ..................................................................................................................... 60
Course Information: ......................................................................................................................... 60
Course Description........................................................................................................................... 61
Class objectives: ............................................................................................................................... 61
Materials and Resources.................................................................................................................. 61
Expectations and Policies................................................................................................................. 61
Instruction methodology: ................................................................................................................ 62
Theoretical Lectures Outline............................................................................................................ 62
Practical Course Outline .................................................................................................................. 63
Grading............................................................................................................................................. 64
 Introduction to ophthalmology ............................................................................................................. 64
 The Ocular Examination......................................................................................................................... 65
Examinations.................................................................................................................................... 67
 The number of questions and marks are divided as follows: ................................................................ 67
 Sample of MCQ and long and short essays ........................................................................................... 67
PEDIATRICS ................................................................................................................................ 70
Course Book Content ....................................................................................................................... 70
Course overview .............................................................................................................................. 70
Course Reading list; ......................................................................................................................... 70
Syllabus ............................................................................................................................................ 71
Exams ............................................................................................................................................... 71
 Multiple choice questions: .................................................................................................................... 72
 True and false questions:....................................................................................................................... 72
 Problem solving questions ..................................................................................................................... 72
 Data questions; ...................................................................................................................................... 72
 Short assay questions ............................................................................................................................ 73
 Enumerate questions;............................................................................................................................ 73
 Exam’s duration: .................................................................................................................................... 74
 Clinical exams; ....................................................................................................................................... 74
SURGERY ................................................................................................................................... 75



Course Overview .............................................................................................................................. 75
Syllabus ............................................................................................................................................ 75
Examinations.................................................................................................................................... 76
Examples: ......................................................................................................................................... 76
PRACTICAL SESSIONS ................................................................................................................. 78
Medicine .......................................................................................................................................... 78
Neurosurgery ................................................................................................................................... 79
Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery............................................................................................... 81


RADIOLOGY | Course coordinator and list of teachers | Two Lectures on Introduction &

RADIOLOGY
Radiology for 5th Year Students of College of Medicine/ University of Sulaimani: 45 Lectures

Course coordinator and list of teachers
1 - Name of the Course: Radiology.
2 - Lecturer tutor in charge: Dr. Ameer Ahmad
3 - Department Branch and the college: Dept. Surgery/ college of medicine/ University of
Sulaimani
4 - Contacts:
- Address: University of Sulaimani/ College of medicine/ Dept.
of Surgery.
E - Mail: amirkurda@yahoo.com
U U

- Website Link:
- Other participant Lecturers:
1 - Dr. Kawa Abdulla
2 - Dr.Abeer Kadhum.
3 - Dr.Salal Fatih Tel no. 07701473771 salahkalary@yahoo.com
U U

4 - Dr. Nasreen Atrooshi

Course Overview
The student will be taught how to use the different imaging modalities properly & which imaging
modality fits particular situation.
The student should also learn how to read the radiographs of common clinical problems e.g. he or
she should learn how to diagnose different fractures, pneumothorax, pneumonia, intestinal
obstruction, pneumoperitoneum etc….. Not only that the graduated doctor should also learn how
to read CT scan in patients with Stroke & head injury.
Lastly the student should be taught about the update of Radiology & that radiology is no more used
for diagnosis only, it is taking part in the therapy as well i.e. Interventional Radiology.

Reading lists:
1 - Diagnostic Imaging …Peter Armstrong & Martin Wastie…..
Sixth edition ……2009
2 - Textbook of Radiology & Imaging …….David Sutton
Seventh Edition….2003
3 - Bailey & Love's Short Practice of Surgery
24th Edition…2004 2nd Chapter
4 - WWW.LearningRadiology
U U


RADIOLOGY | Syllabus | Two Lectures on Introduction & Technical Considerations: given b

Syllabus
No. Title of the Subject Lecturer's/Tutor's Name

2 Introduction Dr.Ameer

7 Chest diseases Dr.Abeer

4 Cardio - vascular diseases Dr.Abeer

1 Plain abdomen Dr.Kawa

5 GIT Dr.Kawa

Hepato - biliary system
3 Dr.Kawa
Pancreas & spleen

Peritoneal cavity and
2 Dr.Kawa
Retroperitoneum

7 Urinary tract Dr.Nasreen

3 OBGYN Dr.Nasreen

4 Bone & joint diseases Dr.Salah

1 Bone Trauma Dr.Salah

2 Spine Dr.Ameer

2 Skull & Brain Dr.Ameer

1 Sinuses, orbits & Neck Dr.Ameer

1 Interventional Radiology Dr.Ameer

45 Total

Detail of Syllabus
Two Lectures on Introduction & Technical Considerations: given by Dr. Ameer
Objectives:
- Proper use of imaging department.
- How X - rays are produced in Conventional Radiography.


RADIOLOGY | Detail of Syllabus | Spine: Two Lectures given by Dr. Ameer

Syllabus:
- The basic radiographic densities.
- Projections in conventional radiology:…PA. AP. Lateral, Horizontal X - ray
beam, Lateral decubitus
- CT Scan, Ultrasound, MRI, Radionuclide imaging & PET, Basic principles
- Contrast agents in Conventional Radiography & CT.. Definition & side effects
- PACS
- Radiation Hazards

Spine: Two Lectures given by Dr. Ameer
Objectives:
- Role of different imaging modalities in the diseases of the spine. (Plain
radiographs, MRI, CT, Myelography)

Syllabus:
- Signs of abnormality on plain films.
- How metastases/ myeloma/ lymphoma appear on different imaging modalities and which one is
the best.
- Infection of spine; Pyogenic & TB spondylodiscitis.
- Spinal Trauma.
- Degenerative disc disease (DDD) ; plain film & MRI findings.
- Disc herniation.
- Failed back syndrome.
- Spinal canal stenosis.
- Ankylosing Spondylitis.
- Spinal dysraphism.
- Spondylolisthesis.
- Spinal cord compression.
- Intrinsic disorders of the spinal cord..

Skull & brain; 2 Lectures given by Dr. Ameer
Objectives:
- Role of different imaging modalities in head injury, Stroke, Brain tumors.

Syllabus:
- Plain film; normal & abnormal intra - cranial calcification.
- Signs of raised intra - cranial pressure on Plain films.
- Normal & abnormal Brain CT.
- Cardinal signs of abnormal CT brain.
- CT angiography.
- MRI of the brain.
- MRA.
- US of the Brain in neonates.
- Brain Tumors; How common brain tumors appear by CT & MRI? e.g. glioma, meningioma,
acoustic neuroma, pituitary tumors & metastases.
- Stroke; Role of CT to exclude hemorrhage initially.
- CT in subarachnoid hemorrhage...


RADIOLOGY | Detail of Syllabus | Sinuses, Orbits & Neck one lecture by Dr. Ameer:

- Role of CT in infarction.
- Role of MRI in infarction. DWI
- AVM in MRI & MRA.
- Infection & brain abscesses.
- MS.
- Head injury; Role of CT to show epidural, subdural & parenchymal hemorrhage. Contusion &
fractures.

Sinuses, Orbits & Neck one lecture by Dr. Ameer:
Objectives
- Role of Plain film & CT in sinusitis.
- Different causes of opaque sinuses.
- Role of CT in blow out fracture.
- Exophthalmus.
- Diseases of Salivary glands & Role of plain radiograph, Sialography, CT & MRI.
- Thyroid nodules; Role of US & radionuclide scan.

Interventional Radiology: one Lecture by Dr. Ameer.
Objectives
To let the student know that Imaging has not only the role in diagnosis of diseases, but it can be of
great help in treatment & may replace surgical procedures.:
How can imaging guide biopsy? Draining abscesses? putting stents & e.g biliary drainage ?.
Different interventional procedures via angiography; e.g. embolisation, thrombolysis.

Plain abdominal radiographs: One lecture given by Dr. kawa Abdulla
Objectives:
Proper analysis of plain films
Illustration of causes of abnormal plain films

Syllabus:
- The basic plain abdominal radiographs.
- illustration of normal & abnormal plain films
- analysis of GIT dilatation
- analysis of extraluminal air.
- analysis of GIT opacities & calcification on plain films
- analysis of hepatic & splenic abnormalities on plain films
- analysis of ascites; abdomino - pelvic masses on plain films

GIT Contrast examination & other imaging modalities: Five Lectures by Dr. kawa
Objectives:
Analysis of role & findings of contrast studies & different imaging modalities in the GIT including US;
CT; MRI; isotope studies & angiography

Syllabus:
- proper technique; limitations & hazards of contrast examinations
- proper technique; limitations & hazards of other imaging modalities


RADIOLOGY | Detail of Syllabus | Hepato - biliary system; three Lectures given by Dr. kawa

- analysis of causes & findings of barium study abnormalities; including strictures; filling defects &
ulcerations
- dedicated evaluation of major topics: GIT malignancies; peptic ulcer; malabsorption syndrome;
ulcerative colitis & Crohns disease with diverticular disease.
- emphasis on the role & findings on US; CT; MRI
- emphasis on the role & findings of isotope studies& angiography especially in GI bleeding

Hepato - biliary system; three Lectures given by Dr. kawa
Objectives:
- analysis of role & findings of US; CT; MRI; isotope studies & angiography in Hepatic; biliary;
splenic & pancreatic problems
- analysis of role; findings; limitation& hazards of biliary contras examinations & isotope studies.

Syllabus:
- normal imaging appearances of liver; spleen; pancreas & biliary system with the gall bladder.
- analysis of causes & findings of liver masses; cysts & abscesses.
- analysis of findings in cirrhosis & portal hypertension and in liver trauma.
- analysis of role; findings; limitation& hazards of ERCP; PTC –
- analysis of imaging findings & limitations in cholecystitis ; GB & bile duct stones
- analysis of imaging evaluation of jaundice starting with non invasive studies US, CT; MRI & MRCP
with occasional isotope studies then to diagnostic & therapeutic ERCP & PTC
- dedicated evaluation of causes & findings in splenomegaly
- emphasis on the imaging findings in splenic trauma
- analysis of imaging role & findings in pancreatic tumors and in acute & chronic pancreatitis.

Peritoneal cavity & retroperitoneum; two Lectures given by Dr. kawa
Objectives:
- analysis of imaging role & findings in ascites; peritoneal tumors & intra - peritoneal abscesses
- analysis of imaging role; findings & limitation in evaluation of the adrenal glands; abdominal
aorta; para - aortic lymphadenopathy & retroperitoneal
tumors and abscesses

Syllabus:
- analysis of imaging role & findings in ascites
- analysis of role & findings of US; CT & isotope studies in intra - peritoneal abscesses
- analysis of findings on US & CT in peritoneal tumors
- US; CT & MRI appearance of normal retroperitoneal structures
- US & CT evaluation of para - aortic lymphadenopathy.
- imaging evaluation of adrenal adenoma - functioning, cons, Cushing's and non functioning
adenomas
- US; CT; MRI & isotope studies evaluation of pheochromocytoma & adrenal metastases
- Aortic aneurysms US; CT; MRI & angiographic evaluation.
- imaging evaluation of retroperitoneal abscesses & tumors

Chest: Seven lectures given by Dr. Abeer Kadum Abass
Objectives:
Role of different imaging modalities in the evaluation of different chest diseases.


RADIOLOGY | Detail of Syllabus | Cardiovascular system (CVS) : Four lectures given by Dr.

Proper reading of normal CXR.
Correlation between clinical & CXR findings for accurate way of achieving diagnosis.

Syllabus:
Normal CXR interpretation.
Abnormal chest radiograph; Silhouette sign & radiological signs of lung diseases: air space filling
(pul. Odema & pul. consolidation), pul. collapse, spherical pul. Shadows, band like pul. Shadow,
wide spread small shadows.
Pleura; CXR findings, & causes in pleural effusion (free & loculated).
Pleural thickening.
Pleural tumors.
Pneumo thorax (diagnosis, causes & types).
Mediastinum; compartment, plain chest film findings in mediastinal masses & complementary CT.
Pneumo - mediastium (causes & CXR findings).
Hilar enlargement; unilateral & bilateral; causes & CXR findings.
Diaphragm: Normal anatomy, variant & causes of marked unilateral elevation of hemi diaphragm.
Specific diseases : Infection : Bacterial pneumonia, viral & mycoplasma pneumonia, lung abscess,
pulmonary TB (Primary & post primary), fungal & parasitic disease, pneumonia in
immunocompromised host, Sarcoidosis, diffuse pulmonary fibrosis ; CXR findings & try to
determine the cause of the abnormal CXR findings.
Diseases of air way passages (Asthma, bronchiolitis, acute bronchitis, chronic obstructive air way
diseases, cystic fibrosis) ; definition, & CXR findings).
Respiratory distress in the new born (Meconium aspiration & hyaline membranes disease) CXR
findings & complications of therapy.
ARDS; causes & CXR findings.
Pulmonary embolism & infarction (CXR diagnosis, role of CT angiography & Radionuclide scanning).
Trauma to the chest (CXR & CT) findings.
CA Bronchus (CXR findings in peripheral & central), spread.
Metastatic neoplasm to the chest (lung, chest wall, pleura, & mediastium).
Lymphoma in the chest.
Mammography; indications, plain radiograph & US findings in benign & malignant focal lesions.

Cardiovascular system (CVS) : Four lectures given by Dr. Abeer Kadum Abass.
Objectives:
1 - Role of imaging techniques in evaluation of cardiovascular disease.
2 - Proper interpretation of the CXR; regarding normal & cardiac diseases emphasized that CXR is
useful for looking at the effects of cardiac diseases on the lung & pleural cavity, but provide only
limited information about the heart itself.

Syllabus:
Evaluation of the CVS, with CXR, Echo & Doppler, CT & CT angiography, MRI & MRA, Radionuclide
techniques, cardiac catheterization & angiography.
Cardiac disease; size (common causes of chamber enlargement), Chamber hypertrophy &
dilatation.
Valve movement deformity & calcification.
Ventricular contractility.
Pericardial diseases (effusion & calcification).


RADIOLOGY | Detail of Syllabus | Bone & Joint diseases: Four Lectures by Dr. Salah Kalary

Pulmonary vessels: increased flow (CXR appearance & causes), decreased flow (CXR appearance &
causes).
Pulmonary arterial hypertension causes & CXR appearance.
Pulmonary venous hypertension causes & CXR appearance.
Pulmonary odema: Types, causes & CXR findings.
Specific cardiac disorders; Heart failure, valvular heart disease, LT – atrial myxoma & other
intracardiac tumors.
Common Congenital heart diseases; LT –RT shunt, coarctation of aorta, Tetrology of Fallot.

Bone & Joint diseases: Four Lectures by Dr. Salah Kalary
Objectives:
First: principal of reading of bone images in different modalities specially plain X - ray
Second: how student can approach focal bone lesion & steps of imaging consequences
Third: principles of differentiation between aggressive & benign bone lesions
Fourth: principles of differentiation between joint degenerative changes like OA & inflammatory
joint diseases like RA
Fifth: information about criteria of differentiation between most common types of polyarticular
joint diseases.

Syllabus:
Imaging techniques used in Dx of bone disease (role of different imaging modalities in approaching
the bone disease
Signs of bone disease in plain X - ray
Types of bone diseases; focal, generalized & alteration in the trabecular pattern or changes in the
shape
Radiological approach for diagnosis of solitary bone lesions
Bone tumors, including primary (benign & malignant) & secondaries
Bone infection: Pyogenic (acute & chronic) & TB
Generalize decreased bone density (osteopenia)
Osteoporosis.
Rickets & Osteomalacia.
Hyperparathyroidism.
Multiple myeloma.
Generalized increase in bone density
1 - Paget’s disease
2 - Thalassemia
3 - Radiation induced bone diseases
Changes in bone shapes
Diaphyseal aclasia
Joints diseases (2 lectures each of 1 hr)
Imaging technique (roles of each modalities in Dx of joint disease)
Approach in Dx of arthritis & radiological features of deferent type of arthritis including OA,
inflammatory & metabolic arthritis & principle differentiating radiological points between them
Osteochondritis including Perthe’s, Kienbock’s disease
Freiberg’s disease Kohler’s disease
Slipped femoral epiphysis
Developmental dysplasia of the hips (DDH or CDH)


RADIOLOGY | Detail of Syllabus | Bone Trauma: One Lecture by Dr.Salah Kalary.

Internal derangement of the knee joint
Shoulder Rotator cuff tear

Bone Trauma: One Lecture by Dr.Salah Kalary.
Objectives:
Role of plain radiograph in bone trauma.
Signs of Fracture & dislocation.
Role of nuclear medicine, CT & MRI in bone trauma,
Stress fracture.
Insufficiency fracture.
Pathological fracture.
Salter Harris classification.
Non - accidental trauma.


UROLOGY | Course coordinator and list of teachers | Bone Trauma: One Lecture by Dr.Sala

UROLOGY
Fifth Stage
Department of Surgery
College of Medicine
2010 - 2011

Course coordinator and list of teachers
Course: urology
Course coordinator: Dr. Ali Kamal
Department: surgery
College: Medicine
Course coordinator link: alikamal22@yahoo.com
Tel. +9647705449905
List of teachers on this course:
Dr. Ismaeel Hama Ameen
Dr. Aso Omer Rasheed
Dr. Sarwar Noore Mahmoud
Dr. Ali Kamal M.Sami
Dr. Ahmed Abdulhameed

Course Overview
The course of urology is dedicated to deal with undergraduate level to know the importance of
urology in the daily activities of the junior doctors and the sessions and the lectures are overall
based on simple principles and standards for the juniors in urology to understand the physiology
and pathology and management of these problems in simple and qualified methods in 16 lectures.
The subjects should enable the students to understand the procedures of intervention in urology
and the justification of such intervention and when to decide to treat conservatively and when to
interfere with the disease process with a wide base of knowledge that will help the students to
widen their experiences through journals and textbooks after understanding the basics of urology.

Course Objectives
At the end of the course of urology, the students should be able to master and perform the basic
skills that are considered fundamentals in urology and to have basic urological experience needed
for doctors in urology department or in case of urological emergency, and some of these objectives
include:
1. Insertion of urethral Foley’s catheter.
2. Performing suprapubic cystostomy


UROLOGY | Course Reading List | Bone Trauma: One Lecture by Dr.Salah Kalary.

3. Diagnosing urine retention with its management.
4. Suspecting urethral injury and urethral rupture.
5. Diagnosing and treatment of urological diseases.
6. Suspecting malignancy and differentiating from benign lesions.

Course Reading List
1. 1 - Baily and Love, short practice of surgery
2. 2 - Smith’s urology
3. 3 - Journal of Urology. American Urological Association.
4. 4 - European association of urology, clinical guidelines.

Syllabus

No. Title of subject Lecturer/Tuttor’s name

1 kidney and urinary symptoms Dr. Aso Omer Rasheed
2 Investigation in urology Dr. Aso Omer Rasheed
3 Congenital anomalies of UT Dr. Aso Omer Rasheed
4 infection Dr. Aso Omer Rasheed
5 Anuria Dr. Aso Omer Rasheed
6 hydronephrosis Dr. Aso Omer Rasheed
7 Urolithiasis Dr. Aso Omer Rasheed
8 renal truma Dr. Aso Omer Rasheed
9 renal tumor Dr. Aso Omer Rasheed
10 Prostate infections 1 Dr. Sarwar Noore
11 Prostate inferctions 2 Dr. Sarwar Noore
BPH 1
12 Dr. Sarwar Noore

13 BPH 2 Dr. Sarwar Noore
14 Carcinoma of prostate 1 Dr. Sarwar Noore
15 Carcinoma of prostate 2 Dr. Sarwar Noore
No. Title of subject Lecturer/Tuttor’s name
16 Urinary bladder anatomy, physiology and pathology Dr. Ali Kamal
17 Rupture of urinary bladder, urine retention Dr. Ali Kamal
18 Neuropathic bladder + urinary incontinence Dr. Ali Kamal
19 Urinary bladder stones, vesical fistula, bladder diverticulum Dr. Ali Kamal
20 Bladder tumors Dr. Ali Kamal


UROLOGY | Detail of Syllabus | Lectures titles (the kidney)

21 Urinary bladder schistosomiasis, Dr. Ali Kamal
22 Urethra and penis, anatomy and congenital anomalies Dr. Ahmed Abdulhamed
23 Hypospadias Dr. Ahmed Abdulhamed
24 Acquired urethral stricture Dr. Ahmed Abdulhamed
25 Disorders of female urethra Dr. Ahmed Abdulhamed
Ectopic testis and cryptorchidism
26 Dr.Ismaeel Hama amen
Dr.Ismaeel Hama amen
27 Hydrocele

28 Orchitis Dr.Ismaeel Hama amen
29 Torsion of the spermatic cord Dr.Ismaeel Hama amen
30 Tumors of the testis Dr.Ismaeel Hama amen

Detail of Syllabus
Lectures titles (the kidney)
Lecturer (dr. Aso Omer)

Objectives:
these lectures are dedicated to help the medical students understand the importance of the
kidneys in daily practice as a common problem that they will face every day in the hospital and
urinary emergency of renal trauma or renal stones or anuria or infection of the kidneys, the
objectives are:
a. The function of kidneys.
b. The investigations needed to diagnose and define renal problems.
c. To differentiate between anuria and urine retention.
d. To be clinically capable of differentiation between renal colic and acute abdomen.
e. Management of renal colic.
f. The lines of treatment of renal colic and renal pain.
g. Surgical treatment of renal tumor.

The lectures include:
a. Introduction to kidney function and physiology of urine formation.
b. Causes of renal colic, renal tumor, hydronephrosis, anuria, renal trauma and their managment

Lectures titles (the Prostate)
Lecturer (dr. Sarwar Noore)

Objectives:
these lectures are dedicated to help the medical students understand the importance of the
prostate as a common problem that they will face every day in the hospital and urinary emergency
of hematuria or urine retention or infection of the prostate, the objectives are:
1. To understand the function of prostate.


UROLOGY | Detail of Syllabus | Lectures title: (Urinary bladder)

2. The investigations needed to diagnose and define prostate infections and relation to LUTS.
3. To differentiate between benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic carcinoma.
4. To be clinically capable of performing rectal examination.
5. Management of BPH.
6. Surgical treatment of prostatic carcinoma.

a. Introduction to prostate anatomy and physiology.
b. Presentation, diagnosis and treatment of prostatic problems.

Lectures title: (Urinary bladder)
Lecturer name: Dr. Ali kamal

Objectives:
Theses lectures are directed to dedicated to help the medical students understand the functions
and anatomy and micturition process and the mechanism of urinary retention in daily practice as a
common problem that they will encounter while dealing with patients suffering from urinary
frequency and hematuria or urinary bladder carcinoma, also the rupture of bladder.the objectives
are:
1. The causes of urinary retention, also the causes of urinary bladder rupture.
2. The difference between the urinary retention and anuria
3. To differentiate between acute and chronic retention.
4. To be clinically capable of differentiate between intraperitoneal and extraperitoneal rupture
of bladder.
5. Management of retention.
6. The contraindications to catheterization in cases of urine retention with urethral injury.
7. Surgical treatment of rupture of urinary bladder, , vesical fistula.

a. Introduction to urinary bladder function and physiology of micturition. and meaning of urine
retention.
b. presentation and management of bladder stones, infections, and malignancy, fistulas,
congenital anomalies.
c. Causes of urine retention and classification of urine retention acute and chronic, neurogenic
and obstructive and presentation of patients.
d. What is difference between intraperitoneal and extraperitoneal bladder rupture, how to
diagnose both and treatment of both types.

References:
1. Baily and Love short practice of surgery
2. Journal of urology.

Lectures titles (the penis and urethra)
Lecturer (dr. Ahmed abdulhameed)


UROLOGY | Student feedback for the subject of a lecture | Lectures titles (the testis)

Objectives:
These lectures are dealing with the penis and urethra and are intending to introduce the penis and
urethral problems as congenital and acquired diseases.
the objectives are:
1. To understand the anatomy of penis and urethra.
2. The investigations needed to diagnose and treat urethral diseases.
3. To differentiate between hypospadias and epispadius.
4. To be clinically capable of catheterizing the urethra in female and male.
5. Management of urethral injury.
6. The lines of diagnosing female urethral problems.
7. Surgical treatment of urethral strictures.

a. Introduction to penis and urethral anatomy.
b. presentation and treatment of congenital and acquired urethral problems in male and in
females.

Lectures titles (the testis)
Lecturer (dr. Ismaeel Hama Ameen)

Objectives:
these lectures are dealing with the testes and the congenital abnormalities as well as the acquired
problems of the testis, and a the emergency of testicular and spermatic conditions.
the objectives are:
1. The function, anatomy and physiology of testes.
2. The investigations needed to diagnose and define testicular problems.
3. To diagnose the emergency of testicular torsion and infection of testes.
4. To be clinically capable of diagnosing hydrocele and varicocele.
5. Management of renal colic.
6. The lines of treatment of renal colic and renal pain.
7. Surgical treatment of renal tumor.

a. Introduction to testis anatomy, function and physiology,
b. presentation and treatment of testicular torsion and hydrocele and varicocele and ect Causes
of renal colic, renal tumor, hydronephrosis, and ectopic testis, also infection.

Student feedback for the subject of a lecture
Date: course: year: lecturer: title:
NO. EVALUATION QUESTIONS SCORE (1 - 5) SUBJECTIVE REMARKS
The objectives and key messages of the subject
1
were clear
The contents of the subject were useful and
2
related to the main objectives of the course
3 The materials were prepared carefully as needed
4 The lecturer/ tutor while lecturing tried to analyze


UROLOGY | Examinations | Types of questions:

the principles, contents and the important points
of the subject simply and properly.
The lecturer/ tutor while lecturing kept my
5
attention.
The lecturer/ tutor came into the classroom on
6 time and was committed to the duration of the
lecture.
The lecturer's behavior in the classroom was calm
7
and respectful
The slides used in the lecture were clear and
8
attractive.
At the end of the lecture, the lecturer gave the
9 students a chance for questions and comments.
His/ her answers were complete.
The reading sources are new and compatible with
10
the subject.
Total score
1 - very bad 2–bad 3–medium 4 - good 5 - verygood

Examinations
Time of exam. 3 Three hours.

Types of questions:
1 - short essay.
2 - long essay.
3 - multiple choice questions.

The number of questions and marks are divided as follows:
30 Marks for long essays.
30 Marks for short essays.
60 Marks for MCQs.
The methods of correction of answers depend on key answers and key for multiple choice
questions and correction and marks are given accordingly.

Advices and directions for all students before and during exams.
1. Read the question twice before answering.
2. Think of the answer before writing.
3. Plan your answer in a separate page before writing it down on the answer paper.
4. Arrange the answer in the form of introduction, contents and the final part so that the student
organizes his/her answer

Sample Questions
MCQ
Regarding the penis all are true except:
a. has a fixed root and a body that hangs free.
b. the bulb of the penis is traversed by the urethra and covered on its outer surface by
bulbospongiosus muscle.


UROLOGY | Examinations | Sample Questions

c. the corpora cavernosa supplied by branches from the external femoral arteries.
d. the corpus spongiosum at its end expands to form the glans penis.
e. nerve supply is from the pudendal nerve and the pelvic plexus

the correct answer is (c)
Which of the following is correct regarding urethrorectal and vesicorectal fistula:
a. they are very common congenital abnormality.
b. they are almost always associated with imperforate anus.
c. urorectal septum has developed completely.
d. the fistula opens on the anterior abdominal wall.
e. cystoscopy and panendoscopy can not show the fistulous opening.

The correct answer is (d)
Classification of hypospadias according to location include all the following except:
a. perineal.
b. glandular.
c. suprapubic.
d. coronal.
e. penoscrotal.

The correct answer is (c)
Which of the following is not a clinical finding in Peyronie’s disease:
a. painful erection.
b. curvature of the penis.
c. poor erection distal to the involved area.
d. the patient has moderate to severe pain when the penis is in nonerect state.
e. Examination of the penile shaft reveals a palpable dense, fibrous plaque involving the tunica
albuginea.

The correct answer is (d)
Treatment of acquired urethral stricture and its complications, all are correct but one:
a. dilation of urethral stricture is not usually curative.
b. urethrotomy under endoscopic direct vision.
c. short strictures (≤2 cm) of the anterior urethra should be completely excised and primary
anastomosis done.
d. strictures >2 cm in length can be managed by patch graft urethroplasty.
e. periurethral abscess self - limited and will heal spontaneously.

The correct answer is (e)

long and short essays
Question: Enumerate the causes of priapism
Answer:
a. Idiopathic in 60% of cases.
b. Secondary in 40% of cases due to the following diseases:
1. Leukemia.
2. Sickle cell disease.


UROLOGY | Student feedback on the course | Sample Questions

3. Pelvic tumors.
4. Pelvic infections.
5. Penile trauma.
6. Spinal cord trauma.
7. Medications (trazodone). Currently, intracavernous injection therapy for impotence may
be the most common cause

Question: write short assay on the diagnosis of urethral diverticulum.
Answer :
Diagnosis:
1. feeling a rounded cystic mass in the anterior wall of the vagina that leaks pus from the
urethral orifice when pressure is applied.
2. Endoscopy may reveal the urethral opening.
3. The postvoiding film of an IVU series may demonstrate the lesion.
4. Transvaginal ultrasonography.

Student feedback on the course
Date : course: year lecturer:
SCORE SUBJECTIVE
NO. EVALUATION QUESTIONS
(1 - 5) REMARKS
1 The objectives and key messages of the subject were clear
The contents of the subject were useful and were related to the main
2
objectives of the course
3 The coordinator teacher had worked hard to prepare the materials
The coordinator teacher had worked hard to cooperate and prepare the
4
course
5 The lecturers were carefully selected and were expert in their fields
The coordinator teacher gave a good attention to the students'
6
criticisms and claims
7 Information on the Examination process was well provided
8 The questions of the exams were related to the contents of the course
There is a potential to promote and develop the course in the following
9
areas:
10 Total of the levels

1 - very bad 2 - bad 3 - medium 4 - good 5 - very good


ANESTHESIA | Anesthesia Lectures | Introduction to anesthesia 5 Hrs

ANESTHESIA
Fifth Stage
College of Medicine
2010 - 2011

Anesthesia Lectures
Dr. Amir Boujan
Dr. Gona Ahmed

Detailed Syllabus
Introduction to anesthesia 5 Hrs
Objectives:
the student will learn about
History of anesthesia.
Preoperative preparation of a patient to anesthesia which includes preoperative visit of the
anesthetist to the patient.
History (including drug history and its effect on anesthesia)
clinical examination
Interpretation of laboratory data
Consent
Planned management of anesthesia
Methods available for relief of post operative pain
Fasting guidelines
Assignment the physical status classification
Premedication and

Types of Anesthesia 1Hr
Objectives:
The student should know the aim of anesthesia, the definition of general anesthesia and the
meaning of induction maintenance and recovery.
Also the student will learn about local anesthesia and the types of local anesthesia procedures (e.g.
regional anesthesia)

Drugs used in anesthesia 4hrs
Objectives:
The student will learn about different groups of anesthesia drugs, there effects, side effects also
drug interaction.


ANESTHESIA | Question Examples | Post operative complications 3hrs

Post operative complications 3hrs
Objectives:
The student should know the postoperative anesthesia complications and how to manage them

Pain management 2hrs
Objectives:
The student will learn about pain, types of pain and the methods available to control acute pain and
the methods to control chronic pain

Airway Management 5hr
Objectives:
the student will learn about:
Anatomy of the airway
Airway assessment and difficult airway
Endotracheal intubation, it’s indications and complications
Surgical intervention to control the airway

Monitoring 1hr
Objective:
The student will learn about patient monitoring in the operation room or in the ICU.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation 2hr
Objectives:
The student should know the ABC of Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and how to deal with patient
developed cardiac arrest

Intensive Care Unite 4hrs
Objectives:
The Student will learn about:
ICU and the instrument available in it (e.g. respiratory support instruments)
Criteria for admission to ICU
Criteria for patient to discharge from ICU
Care to critical ill patient
Dealing with specific conditions in ICU (e.g. Salicylic acid poisoning)
Total parenteral nutrition

References
Robert K.stoetling, Ronald D.Miller, Basics of anesthesia 2004
Kith G.Allman, Iain Wilson, Oxford Handbook of Anaesthesia 2007
A.R. Aitkenhead, G.Smith, Textbook of Anaesthesia

Question Examples
Q1/ Enumerate the Important aspects of the preoperative evaluation.
Answer/ Important aspects of the preoperative evaluation includes the followings:


ANESTHESIA | Question Examples | References

History
Review of current drug therapy
Physical examination
Interpretation of laboratory data
Consent
Planned management of anesthesia
Methods available for relief of post operative pain
Fasting
Assignment the physical status classification
Premedication
Q2/ Write short notes on the causes of post operative hypertension.
Answer/ the causes are:
Arterial hypoxemia.
Enhanced sympathetic nervous system activity (pain, bladder distension).
Preoperative hypertension.
Hypervolemia.
Hypercarbia
Q2/ Match items in table A (1 - 12) with the appropriate items in table B (a - t) : (each items in
table B should be used once only) (answer on this paper) (1mark/each)
Table A
Halothane J, O
Atracurium H, R
Thiopenton L
Fentanyl
Pentazocine T
Ketamine I, Q, S
Remifentanil P
Propofol B
Bupivacaine D, F, N
Succinylcholine A, E, G, K, M
Neostigmine C
Pethidine
Q/choose the most approperiat answer
The sources of blood clot embolization in the arteries are all except:
U U

a. Mural thrombus
b. Following myocardial infarction
c. Mitral stenosis
d. Aortic stenosis
e. Atrial fibrillation

Answer/c


OTOLARYNGOLOGY | Course coordinator and list of teachers on this course | References

OTOLARYNGOLOGY
Fifth Stage
College of Medicine
2010 - 2011

Course coordinator and list of teachers on this course
Course: otolaryngology
Course coordinator: Dr. Hewa As'ad
Department: surgery - otolaryngology
College: Medicine
Course coordinator link: hewa_ent@yahoo.com
Tel. +9647701580087
List of teachers on this course:
Dr. Hewa As'ad Abdelkareem
Dr. Yousif Ibrahim chalabi
Dr. Muaid Ismaiel Aziz
Dr. Sherko Saeed Fathullah

Course Overview
The course of otolaryngology – head & neck surgery is dedicated to deal with undergraduate level
to know the importance of otolaryngology in the daily activities of the junior doctors and the
sessions and the lectures are overall based on simple principles and standards for the juniors in
otolaryngology to understand the physiology and pathology and management of common diseases
& how to deal with emergency situations that they may be faced in their practical work, these
lectures given in simple and qualified methods in 28 lectures.

Course Objectives
At the end of the course of otolaryngology, the students should be able to master and perform the
basic otolaryngology assessment & examinations that are considered fundamentals and learn how
to be able to deal with emergency situations. some of these objectives include:
Performing ENT examination.
Deal with a patient complaining of nasal bleeding.
How to manage a patients with foreign bodies inhalations or ingestion.
How to manage a patients with an obstructed upper airway obstruction (stridor).
Diagnosing and treatment of common otolaryngological diseases.


OTOLARYNGOLOGY | Course Reading List | References

Course Reading List
1 - Scott - Brown otolaryngology
2 - Logans Turners diseases of ear, nose, throat
3 - Synopsis otolaryngology
4 - Makhbool otolaryngology
5 - Essential Otolaryngology
6 - Oxford handbook of ENT emergences
7 - American journal of otolaryngology - head & neck Surgery
8 - journal of laryngoscope
9 - www.emedicine.com

Syllabus
NO TITLE OF SUBJECT LECTURER/TUTTOR’S NAME

1 Anatomy and physiology of the larynx Dr.Hewa asaad

2 Traumatic conditions of the larynx. Dr.Hewa asaad

3 Inflammations of the larynx: Acute laryngitis. Dr.Hewa asaad

4 Inflammations of the larynx: Chronic laryngitis. Dr.Hewa asaad
Neoplasms of the larynx: Benign tumors and
5 Dr.Hewa asaad
cysts
6 Neoplasms of the larynx: Malignant tumors. Dr.Hewa asaad

7 Hoarseness Dr.Hewa asaad
Anatomy, Embryology & physiology of the nose
8 Dr Yousif Chalabi
& PNS
9 congenital anomalies and trauma to the nose Dr Yousif Chalabi

10 Acute & Chronic nasal &PNS sinus inflammation Dr Yousif Chalabi

11 Epistaxis Dr Yousif Chalabi

12 Allergic rhinitis & nasal polyposis Dr Yousif Chalabi

13 The deformed nose & nasal obstruction Dr Yousif Chalabi

14 Tumors of nose & paranasal sinuses Dr Yousif Chalabi

15 Anatomy, physiology of the ear Dr. Muaid Ismaiel Aziz
Physical& radiological assessment of the ear
16 Dr. Muaid Ismaiel Aziz
diseases
17 Symptomatology in ear diseases Dr. Muaid Ismaiel Aziz
Diseases of the external ear (cong.anomalies,
18 Dr. Muaid Ismaiel Aziz
infections, tumors)
19 Diseases of the middle ear (acute otitis media) Dr. Muaid Ismaiel Aziz

20 Diseases of the middle ear (chronic otitis media) Dr. Muaid Ismaiel Aziz


OTOLARYNGOLOGY | Detailed Syllabus | References

21 Diseases of the inner ear, ear surgeries Dr. Muaid Ismaiel Aziz

22 Anatomy and physiology of the pharynx Dr. Sherko Saeed Fathullah

23 Common diseases of the buccal cavity Dr. Sherko Saeed Fathullah

24 Pharyngitis and pharyngeal abscesses Dr. Sherko Saeed Fathullah

25 Tonsillitis and adenoids Dr. Sherko Saeed Fathullah

26 Tumors of the pharynx Dr. Sherko Saeed Fathullah
Miscellaneous conditions of the pharynx and
27 Dr. Sherko Saeed Fathullah
throat
28 Neck masses and salivary glands Dr. Sherko Saeed Fathullah

Detailed Syllabus
Lecture title: Anatomy and physiology of the larynx.
Lecturer name: Dr. Hiwa As'ad
Objectives:
This lecture is dedicated to help medical students understand anatomy and physiology of the larynx
and their clinical importance, the lecture includes:
a. Introduction to laryngeal structure.
b. Description of laryngeal structure (laryngeal cartilages and membranes, muscles of the larynx
and their actions) demonstrated by figures
c. Description of surface anatomy of the larynx.
d. Blood supply, nerve supply, and lymphatic drainage of larynx and their clinical importance.
e. Description of functions of larynx.
Lecture title: Traumatic conditions of the larynx
Lecturer: Dr. Hiwa As'ad
Objectives:
This lecture is dedicated to help medical students understand management of trauma of larynx and
neck which is a common clinical condition that they will face frequently in their practice in hospital
and emergency department, the lecture includes:
a. Introduction to laryngeal and neck trauma.
b. Description of mechanism of injury (blunt trauma injury and penetrating trauma).
c. Initial evaluation, clinical assessment, endoscopic assessment and imaging of the larynx.
d. Classification of laryngeal injury according to extent of damage.
e. Management of laryngeal trauma, goals of laryngeal exploration, laryngeal repair, and
management of associated vascular and esophageal injuries.
f. Outcome of management of this condition.
Lecture title: Inflammations of the larynx: Acute laryngitis
Objectives:
This lecture is dedicated to help medical students understand this common problem that they will
face in their practice in outpatient clinic, emergency department or if they work in otolaryngology
or pediatric departments, the lecture includes:
a. Introduction to acute laryngitis and its etiological factors.



b. Description of clinical types of acute laryngitis.
c. Comparison between pediatric patients and adult patients and relative clinical points to be
considered.
d. Treatment options and outcome.
Lecturer title: Inflammations of the larynx: Chronic laryngitis
Lecturer name: Dr. Hiwa as'ad
Objectives: This lecture is dedicated to understand this troublesome condition caused by various
etiological factors, and its types (specific and non specific), the lecture includes:
a. Definition and etiological factors of chronic laryngitis.
b. Clinical classification of chronic laryngitis into specific and non - specific, and subgroups of each
type.
c. Pathology, clinical features, and treatment modality for each type.
Lecture title: Tumors of the larynx: Benign tumors
Objectives: This lecture is dedicated to help medical students understand this important conditions
that might affect respiration and voice of patients that needs specific management, the lecture
includes :
a. Introduction.
b. Classification of benign tumors.
c. Clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of each type.
d. Pseudotumors types, clinical features and management of each type.
Lecture title: Tumors of the larynx: Malignant tumors
Objectives: This lecture is dedicated to help medical students understand this serious condition and
develop high sense of suspicious for early diagnosis. It also demonstrates treatment options of this
condition, the lecture includes:
a. Introduction.
b. Classification of carcinoma of larynx.
c. Demonstration of etiological factors.
d. Clinical features, examination of the larynx and the neck.
e. Radiological investigations and other relevant investigations to assess tumor extension and
spread.
f. Staging and grading of Ca larynx.
g. Demonstration of strategy of treatment and the options available for this condition.
Lecture title: Hoarseness
Objectives: to understand the students the meaning of the hoarseness & its causes &its treatment,
were all objectives included in the lecture.
Lecture title: Anatomy & Physiology of nose & paranasal sinus
Lecturer : Dr. Yousif Chalabi
Objective: To emphasize the importance of anatomy &its variations especially the osteomeatal
complex in the clinical managements of common nose &sinus chronic diseases & correction of nose
& nasal septum both for physiological & cosmetic purposes, the lecture includes
an embyrological introduction to explain some congenital variation of nose like choanal atresia
anatomy of external nose &its skeleton to explain the anatomical dangerous region of nose
&anatomical & physiological background of cosmetic nasal surgery.
anatomy &physiology of nasal fossae & its wall, their role in respiration



anatomy of paranasal sinuses &their variation with its impact on pathogenesis of chronic sinus
diseases & facial pain
Lecture title: congenital anomalies and trauma to the nose
Lecturer: Dr Yousif Chalabi
Objectives : to emphasize the importance of early diagnosis of some congenital anomalies as a
cause of embarrassed respiration in neonates & infants for urgent interference &to explain the
clinical managements of broken nose &face both medically &legally in addition to its impact on
possible intra cranial, base of skull, cosmetic & respiratory complications to guarantee early proper
detection &management to prevent subsequent sequels. The lecture includes a quick review of
embryological formation of nose. its openings & anatomy of nasal skeleton, Choanal atresia,
fracture nasal bone &facial bones (Leforts) fractures, Foreign bodies in nose & their managements.
Lecture title : Acute & Chronic nasal &paranasal sinus inflammation
Objectives: To consider the predisposing factors& their prevention in the etiology of acute nasal &
paranasal sinus (PNS) infections & to emphasize the effects of prompt & early treatments in
prevention of persistence of infections & changing to chronic state. And how to manage whether
medically or surgically the chronic state.
The lecture includes
A quick review of key points of previous lecture
Acute viral &bacterial infections of nose &PNS
Chronic non - specific nasal &PNS inflammation
Chronic specific nasal & PNS infection
Managements including the medical & surgical way of treatments
Lecture title: Epistaxis
Objectives : This lecture is dedicated to emphasize the importance of epistaxis as one of common
acute emergencies in medicine in general & to teach the students how to manage it as first - aid,
general &specific ENT managements. How to identify its causes as a local nasal causes or general
systemic causes especially the blood dyscriasis causes. How to be treated specifically, generally &
how to prevent & guard against it.
an introduction to epistaxis
Causes as a local nasal causes &general systemic causes
Management including the lab hematological., radiological & endoscopical way to find the cause as
local nasal or general systemic. how to be treated whether medically or surgically conservatively or
radically &how to be followed up properly.
Lecture title: Allergic Rhinitis & Nasal polyposis
Objectives: to emphasize the role of preventative measures especially the avoidance of
allergens.proper use of immunization & medical treatments
In reducing the complaint & severity of allergic patients. How to differentiate the different causes
of wet nose including infections allergy & intrinsic vasomotor rhinitis &how to be treated
properly.The lecture is dedicated to make the students understand the nature of common nasal
problem of polyposis & how to differentiate it from normal or hypertrophied turbinates. To
emphasize the role of medical treatment as an effective measures in the early & small polypi or as a
preliminary measures for effective radical treatment or follow up for those treated surgically.



An introduction to the types of hypersensitivity reactions &nature of nasal allergy
Etiology of allergy &types of allergens
Management including the differentiation &how to diagnose different types of wet nose. Allergy
dermatological & hematological test in addition to proper way of prevention &treatments
Nasal polyposis as a pathogenesis, diagnosis & treatments whether medically emphasizing the role
of proper use of cortisone in a non contra - indicated patients or surgically whether conservatively
or radically by FEES or conventionally by traditional surgical way
Lecture title : The deformed nose & nasal obstruction
Objectives: This lecture is dedicated to emphasize the role of cosmetic nasal surgery with
consideration of nasal passage for proper respiratory functions which so frequently threatened by
some surgeon not considering the physiological aspect of nasal function &how to deal with nose
surgically both for physiological & cosmetic purposes. It also aims to make the students
understanding the causes of nasal obstruction &to differentiate the pathological from normal
physiological obstructions of nasal cycle.The lecture includes
A quick review of the key points of previous lecture
A review of the nasal respiratory physiology &anatomy of the nasal skeleton
Causes of deformed nose &nasal obstruction
Management including the requested examination whether endoscopically or by imaging (CT SCAN)
to determine the causes &sites of obstructions & how to be treated whether medically or surgically
whether for cosmetic or physiological purpose separately or in combinations.
Lecture title : Tumors of nose & paranasal sinuses
Objectives: The lecture is dedicated to make the students understanding the nature of tumors
&how the malignant tumors present with specific signs & symptoms to be differentiated from
benign one.What are the predisposing factor & the definite causes to be diagnosed early before
extension to nearby vital & dangerous area of eye & intracranially. Although generally they are rare
tumors but they carry a great morbidity & mortality necessating a special considerations by the
juniors &the surgeon. Also to teach the students how these tumors presents with different signs &
symptoms making the patients wandering among different specialty until diagnosed too late as a
nasal or paranasal malignant tumors.
The lecture includes:
A quick reviews of key points of previous lecture
classifications of tumors as benign & malignant with their different types. Histological classification
& staging of tumors
predisposing & etiological factor for tumor causation
Managements including the diagnosis of tumors whether benign or malignant &the best selected
way of treatments whether surgically or by DXRT or combined in addition to their prognosis
Lecture title : Embryology, anatomy, physiology of the ear
Lecturer name: Dr. Muaid Ismaiel Aziz
Objectives: This lecture is dedicated to help medical students understand embryology, anatomy
and physiology of the ear and their clinical importance, the lecture will deal with followings :
Embryological development of the ear
Anatomical parts of the ear
Anatomical landmarks of the ear



Functions of the ear
Lecture title: Physical & radiological assessment of the ear diseases
Objectives: in this lecture the students will learn how to examine & get diagnosis of the ear diseases
as its includes;
The different ways of ear examination
What you will see in normal ear examination to make differentiation from disease ear
Audio logical assessment & its interpretation
Role of plain x - ray & ct scan in ear disease & their indications.
Lecture title: Symptomatology in ear diseases
Objectives: to know different ear disease symptoms as deafness (hearing loss), tinnitus (perceptive
noisy sound), vertigo (rotating movement of the surrounding or the patient himself with fixed
environment), otalgia (pain in the ear). So you will get information about above topics shortly
including their classifications, differential diagnosis, diagnosis & treatments.
Lecture title: Diseases of the external ear
(cong. anomalies, infections, tumors)
Objectives: to make the student oriented with the different ear diseases starting from external ear
diseases, in this lecture will discuss the congenital diseases like auricle deformity (bat ear),
preauricular sinus, otitis externa & its most common causes & types & its treatment, also will
concentrate on benign & malignant tumors like osteoma, basal cell carcinoma.
Lecture title : Diseases of the middle ear (acute otitis media)
Objectives: in this lecture the student will face the most important & commonest pathology which
is middle ear infection (otitis media), pathology, types, causes, diagnosis & treatment.
Lecture title : Diseases of the middle ear (chronic otitis media)
Objectives: chronic OM classified into safe & unsafe disease, so its important to know both types &
its pathology & treatment, also will discuss different classifications for CSOM & which of them is
useful.
Lecture title : Diseases of the inner ear, ear surgeries
Objectives: in this lecture some of the inner ear disease which is more common than other inner
ear disease like otosclerosis, meniers disease will discussed briefly in addition the students will get
good & sufficient information about the common ear surgeries like myringotomy, myringoplasty.
Lecture title : Anatomy and physiology of the pharynx
Lecturer name: Dr. Sherko Saeed Fathullah
Objectives: in this lecture the students will get enough information Concentrating on boundaries
and parts of the pharynx including naso, oro and laryngopharynx, as well as muscles, nerve supplies
with short notes on the anatomy of soft palate.
In physiology, function of pharyngeal lymphoid tissue and deglutition are discussed
Lecture title : Common diseases of the buccal cavity
Objectives: Some of the common diseases of otolarygologist interest are described including :
stomatitis, aphthous ulcers, Behcet’s syndrome tongue ulcers and AIDS, notes on cysts of mouth,
carcinoma of the toungue, ludwing’s angina and tumours of the oral cavity


OTOLARYNGOLOGY | Student feedback for the subject of a lecture | References

Lecture title : Pharyngitis and pharyngeal abscesses
Objectives: in this lecture the students will know about common disease in the community
(pharyngitis) Acute and chronic specific and non specific pharyngitis as well as acute and chronic
pharyngeal abscesses, Pharyngitis and pharyngeal abscesses, & how these conditions can be dealt
with.
Lecture title : Tonsillitis and adenoids
Objectives: Concentrating on acute and chronic tonsillitis with their complications.Tonsillectomy
and post operative cares, Peritonsillar abscess, Clinical features of nasopharyngeal tonsillitis, its
complication and adenoidectomy, Pharyngitis and pharyngeal abscesses
Lecture title : Tumors of the pharynx
Objectives: in this lecture will deal with important subject which is tumors of pharynx & its include
Tumors of the nasopharynx
Tumors of the oropharynx
Tumors of the laryngopharynx
Lecture title : Misceleneous conditions of the pharynx and throat
Objectives: including Globus hysterics, palate and pharyngeal palsy, pharyngeal spasm, pharyngeal
pouch, trismus, cleft palate and elongated styloid process
Lecture title : Neck masses and salivary glands
Objectives: in this lecture will discuss Thyroglossal cyst and fistula, branchial cyst, cystic hygroma
sternomastoid tumor as well as mumps, submandibular gland calculus and sialography.

Student feedback for the subject of a lecture
Date: course: year: lecturer: title:
No. Evaluation Questions Score (1 - 5) Subjective Remarks
The objectives and key messages of the subject were
1
clear
The contents of the subject were useful and related
2
to the main objectives of the course
3 The materials were prepared carefully as needed
The lecturer/ tutor while lecturing tried to analyze
4 the principles, contents and the important points of
the subject simply and properly.
5 The lecturer/ tutor while lecturing kept my attention.
The lecturer/ tutor came into the classroom on time
6
and was committed to the duration of the lecture.
The lecturer's behavior in the classroom was calm
7
and respectful
The slides used in the lecture were clear and
8
attractive.
At the end of the lecture, the lecturer gave the
9
students a chance for questions and comments. His/


OTOLARYNGOLOGY | Examinations. | Types of questions:

her answers were complete.

The reading sources are new and compatible with
10
the subject.
Total score
1 - very bad 2–bad 3–medium 4 - good 5 - verygood

Examinations.
Types of questions:
1 - short essay.
2 - long essay.
3 - multiple choice questions.
4 - Single choice questions

Time of exam.
3 Three hours.
The number of questions and marks are variables :
The methods of correction of answers depend on key answers of single choice and key for multiple
choice questions & its usually that false answer will council the true answer in MCQ (either one for
one or two for one) and correction and marks are given accordingly.

Advices and directions for all students before and during exams.
Read the question twice before answering.
Think of the answer before writing.
Plan your answer in a separate page before writing it down on the answer paper.
Arrange the answer in the form of introduction, contents and the final part so that the student
organizes his/her answer

Samples of MCQ, Single choice, long and short essays
Single choice question
middle turbinate is formed by:
(….) A. vomer bone
(….) B. Ethmoid bone
(….) C. Maxilla bone
(….) D. All of the above
(….) E. none of the above
the correct answer is (B)
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
Regarding carcinoma of the larynx:
SCC is the most common pathology
Smoking has no any role in incidence
Neck mass (lymph node invasion) is more incident with glottis carcinoma
Surgery always curative
The answers as fallow a. T, b. F, c. F, d. F
SHORT ASSAY ON TREATMENT OF ALLERGIC RHIINITIS


OTOLARYNGOLOGY | Examinations. | Samples of MCQ, Single choice, long and short essay

ANSWER
Treatment: includes allergen avoidance, pharmacotherapy, immunotherapy & surgery which is
rarely needed when there is local pathology affecting the regress of the symptoms like septal
deviation, turbinate hypertrophy, nasal polyp.
Medication include :
Antihistamines : these rapidly relieve running, itching, & sneezing, but have little effect on
blockage. 1st generation antihistamines (chlorphenramine & diphenhydramine) should be avoided
because of sedation effect, its better to use non - sedative 2nd generation like (loratidine,
fexofenadine).
Topical corticosteroids: these are most effective for treatment of rhinitis especially if started prior
to allergen exposure, it reduces inflammation, nasal, eye symptoms & improve sense of smell e.g
(mometasone, beclomethasone, fluticasone).
Sodium cromoglicate: its weak effective against all rhinitis symptoms but useful for children aged
less than 4 years.
Decongestant : topically used for reducing nasal obstruction, but increase rhinorroea. Systemic
decongestant not effective with systemic side effects.
Ipratropium bromide : this atropine –like nasal spray is useful against rhinorrhoea.
Systemic corticosteroids : oral steroids used for very sever symptoms during hay fever season.
Antileukotrienes : effective against congestion & mucous
Production.
8. Nasal douching : Its effective in seasonal rhinitis.
9. Immunotherapy : Indicated in patients with sever
symptoms not get response to routine medical
treatments.
write long assay on an intrinsic rhinitis
Answer : Is a non - infective, non allergic condition. Like many diseases whose etiology is obscure,
its also termed as perennial rhinitis or vasomotor rhinitis which is still perhaps the commonest
term.
The term (non allergic rhinitis) is commonly applied to a diagnosis of any nasal condition in which
the symptoms are identical to those seen in allergic rhinitis but an allergic etiology has been
excluded.These non allergic entities can be broadly be classified as :
Idiopathic rhinitis (vasomotor rhinitis, or non allergic non infectious perennial rhinitis)
Non allergic occupational rhinitis
Hormonal rhinitis
Drug - induced rhinitis
Other forms (non allergic rhinitis with esinophilia syndrome, rhinitis due to physical & chemical
factors, food - induced rhinitis, emotional rhinitis, atrophic rhinitis).
unlike allergic rhinitis there are no specific diagnostic tests for non allergic rhinitis & diagnosis is
made on the basis of rhinitis symptoms in the absence of identifiable allergy (by allergy skin test),
structural abnormality, immune deficiency, sinus disease or other causes.
Clinical presentation : there are 6 main symptoms of rhinitis, these are nasal congestion, sneezing,
nasal itching, rhinorrhoea, hyposmia & postnasal discharge, of these nasal symptoms significant
sneezing & itching are highly suggestive of allergic rhinitis & tend not to occur with intrinsic rhinitis,
very marked nasal congestion & significant hyposmia tend to be symptoms of non allergic rhinitis.
Rhinitis presenting in childhood is almost invariably of allergic etiology, whereas adult onset rhinitis
is more likely to be due to intrinsic rhinitis.


OTOLARYNGOLOGY | Examinations. | External examiner

Allergic rhinitis is always associated with nasal eosinophilia (more than 25% of nasal smear cells are
eosinophils), whereas non allergic rhinitis (intrinsic rhinitis) may or may not associated with
eosinophilia, approximately 1/3 of intrinsic rhinitis patients have nasal secretion eosinophilia, so
clinically IR classified into Eosinophilic (obstruction syndrome) & Non - eosinophilic (rhinorrhoea
syndrome) groups.
The eosinophilic variety of (IR) was characterized by marked nasal congestion, profuse rhinorrhoea,
hyposmia, marked inferior turbinate hypertrophy which is mild in the other group& mucoid nasal
secretion, also nasal polyposis is more frequent in eosinophilic groups.
Rhinorrhoea is profuse in both groups but more in non - eosinophilic group which is a predominant
feature. The rhinorhoea group tend to occur in relatively advanced age whereas the nasal
obstruction group tend to occur in middle age.
Other clinical differences between the 2 groups are marked mucosal thickening frequently occurs in
the eosinophlic group which is evident on plain radiological examination of the sinuses, also noted
that patient with eosinophilic (IR) frequently have asthma & occasionally aspirin sensitivety, neither
of which occurs in the non - eosinophilic (IR) group. One of the most clinically obvious differences is
dramatic response of the eosinophilic group to intranasal steroids & poor response of the other
group to any therapy apart from anticholinergic agents.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------

External examiner
From now on every course should have its own external examiner with identified roles.
The one who can play the role of an external examiner should:
Have an academic post with the scientific rank of assistant Professor and higher.
He/she should be an active, reputable and experienced academic staff in his field or a related field
to the course.
He/she should have not participated in lecturing or administering of the course.
The roles of the external examiner are:
Evaluating the contents and the program of the course.
Prior to the exam, he /she should contribute to choosing the questions and looking at the ideal
answers.
Evaluating the process of the examinations: he/she should see all the marked exam papers, then
choose randomly nine marked papers: three with high marks, three with medium and three with
low marks.
Evaluating the students' feedbacks
He/she should participate in the final meeting of the first round examinations committee and give
his assessment on the entire course and the examination process, then to give his opinion about
the final results.
He/she should participate in the final meeting of the second round examinations committee and
should have a main vote on those problems that may face them.
Then the lecturer/ tutor in charge will respond to the external examiner's questions and will reply
officially to all the questions and clarify the reasons.


DERMATOLOGY | Contents | External examiner

DERMATOLOGY
Contents
Course coordinator and list of teachers on this course
Course overview:
Course objectives:
Course Reading list.
Course Contents:
Syllabus:
Exams: Rules and instructions. 100%
Samples of expected questions and their answers.
External examiners.
Student's feedback.

1 - Course coordinator and list of teachers on this course
1 - Name of the Course: Dermatology
2 - Lecturer tutor in charge:
- Dr. Faraedon Kaftan: The coordinator.
- Dr. Muhamad Yousif.
- Dr. Ali Al - Ethawi.
- Dr. Darseem Abdulla.
- Dr. Kazhan A. Kadir
3 - Department Branch and the college: Medicine, Dermatology, College of Medicine, University of
Sulaimani
4 - Contacts:
- Address: College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani.
- E - mail:
* Dr. Faraedon Kaftan: The coordinator faraedonkaftan@yahoo.com
U

* Dr. Muhamad Yousif. mohammadjaaf35@yahoo.com
U U

* Dr. Ali Al - Ethawi. elethawi67@yahoo.com
U U

* Dr. Darseem Abdulla. darseem75@yahoo.com
U U

* Dr. Kazhan A. Kadir. kazhankadir@hotmail.com,
U

- Website Link: …..
- Other participant Lecturers: No other Lecturers.

2 - Course Overview
- Unlike the small number in previous years now there are five
instructors who are teaching the students the common subjects in
dermatology to enable students to diagnose and treat skin


Course book

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