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The Three Branches of the American Criminal Justice System
- 1. The Three Branches of the American Criminal Justice System “Idaho Police Pay Respect,” 2009 by pnwguy. Used under a Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivative license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/
- 2. The American Criminal Justice System • Law Enforcement • Courts • Corrections
- 3. Law Enforcement Officers must: • Enforce laws • Determine if a crime has occurred • Investigate the crime • Press charges, if appropriate
- 4. Three (3) Levels of Law Enforcement • Federal (FBI, DEA, ATF, Secret Service, Marshals, Postal Inspection Service) • State (VSP, TBI, CHiPS) • Local (Sheriff’s Deputies, City Police)
- 5. Courts Courts must: • Review evidence • Determine if the accused is guilty • Determine if punishment is needed and, if so, what type is appropriate
- 6. Types of Courts • Federal: Magistrate Courts, District Courts, Courts of Appeal, the U.S. Supreme Court • State: Courts of Limited Jurisdiction, Trial Courts of General Jurisdiction, Intermediate Courts of Appeals, Courts of Last Resort, the U.S. Supreme Court
- 7. Corrections Monitors the sentence imposed by the Court • Incapacitation (incarceration): Misdemeanor or Felony • Rehabilitation: trying to “cure” the offender
- 8. Jail or Prison? • Jail: for those convicted of misdemeanors and who are serving less than 1 year –Usually run by a local government • Prison: for those convicted of felonies and who are serving more than 1 year – Run by State or Federal government
- 9. Probation/ Parole • Probation: when an offender is monitored by a Probation Officer in the community instead of going to jail/prison • Parole: when an offender is monitored by a Parole Officer in the community after serving time in prison
- 10. Community-Based Corrections Goal: to rehabilitate the offender while keeping him connected to the community • Boot camps • Intensive supervisor programs • Electronic Monitoring • Half-way houses • Faith-based programs • Day reporting centers