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Change Control Plan
Preparation Guidelines
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.   Purpose of Document _________________________________________________________________1

2.   Objectives of Change Control Process ___________________________________________________1

3.   Terms, Acronyms and Abbreviations _____________________________________________________1

4.   Approval Authority for Changes _________________________________________________________1

5.   Change Control Board _________________________________________________________________2

6.   Change Control Process _______________________________________________________________2
     6.1   Simple Change Control Process Map ................................................................................................4
     6.2   Simple Change Control Process Narrative .........................................................................................5
     6.3   More Complex Change Control Process Map ....................................................................................6
     6.4   More Complex Change Control Process Narrative ............................................................................7

7.   Roles and Responsibilities _____________________________________________________________8




Change Control Plan – Preparation Guidelines                                                                               Table of Contents
1.       PURPOSE OF DOCUMENT
Instruction:
This section provides the purpose of the document.

Recommended text:
The purpose of this document is to outline the change control approach for <Insert Project Name>. It provides
standard terminology, clear roles and responsibilities, a detailed description of the approved change control
process, and the standard templates used in that process. It is designed to guide the project team and
stakeholders.



2.       OBJECTIVES OF CHANGE CONTROL PROCESS
Instruction:
This section provides readers with the objectives of change control.

Recommended text:
The objectives of the change control process are as follows:
       Ensure that changes to the project have a strong business justification.
       Monitor and control the cost and other impacts of approved changes.
       Obtain the appropriate level of approval for changes.
       Ensure that project changes are understood and that team members do not begin work on new or
       unplanned tasks before change requests are approved.
       Maintain a clear and accurate record of changes made over the life of the project.



3.       TERMS, ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Instruction:
This section informs readers where they can access the definitions used in this document.

Recommended Text:
All terms, acronyms, and abbreviations used in this document are defined in the Project Management Glossary
at www.qnpm.gov.qa.



4.       APPROVAL AUTHORITY FOR CHANGES
Instruction:
This section outlines who has the authority to approve change requests.

In determining decision-making authority, consider the following:
1. A Project Manager often has the authority to approve change requests under certain limits. What should
     these limits be? Does the project require a Change Control Board? If so, which change requests should it
     have the authority to approve or deny?

2. Who is governing the project (Sponsor alone or Sponsor with Steering Committee)? Which change
     requests should be reviewed and approved by the Sponsor and/or Steering Committee?

3. Who is funding the project? How should the project funder be involved in change request decisions?

Example One: Simple

                 Role                                           Approval Authority for Changes
 Project Manager                          Approves or denies changes with a low impact. Low impact changes are those
                                          that affect the project budget or schedule by under 10%.




Change Control Plan – Preparation Guidelines                                                                      Page 1
Role                                            Approval Authority for Changes
 Project Sponsor                          Approves or denies changes that are high impact. High impact changes are those
                                          that affect the project budget or schedule by over 10%.
                                          The Project Sponsor also reviews all low impact changes and has the authority to
                                          overturn decisions made by the Project Manager regarding these change
                                          requests.

Example Two: More Complex

                 Role                                            Approval Authority for Changes
 Project Manager                          Approves or denies changes with a low impact. Low impact changes are those
                                          that affect the project budget or schedule by under 10%.
 Change Control Board                     Approves or denies changes that are medium impact. Medium impact changes
                                          are those that affect the project budget or schedule by an amount from 11-25%.
                                          The Change Control Board also reviews all low impact changes and has the
                                          authority to overturn decisions made by the Project Manager regarding these
                                          change requests.
 Steering Committee                       Approves or denies changes that are high impact. High impact changes are those
                                          that affect the project budget or schedule by over 25%.
                                          The Project Sponsor also reviews all medium impact changes and has the
                                          authority to overturn decisions made by the Change Control Board regarding
                                          these change requests.



5.       CHANGE CONTROL BOARD
Instruction:
If the project has a Change Control Board, provide the purpose and membership of the Board in the table
provided in the template. Delete this section if the project does not have a Change Control Board.

Recommended Text:
The Change Control Board will oversee the change control process. It will review all low impact changes made
on the project and make decisions on medium impact changes. It will also review high impact changes and
make recommendations to the Steering Committee on whether they should be approved or denied.



6.       CHANGE CONTROL PROCESS
Instruction:
This section specifies the change control process for the project and includes how a change request is initiated,
analyzed, logged, tracked, approved, and implemented. It includes a process map (diagram outlining steps) and
a process narrative (text describing each step).

Recommended Text:
This section outlines the change control process for the project and includes how a change request is initiated,
analyzed, logged, tracked, approved, and implemented.

It clearly identifies roles, activities, the sequence of activities, inputs, outputs, and how and where information is
stored.

Tips:
In designing a change control process, aim to make the process as simple as possible while still achieving the
process objectives listed in the purpose section of this document. More complex projects require more complex
project management processes.

Factors contributing to project complexity include the following: team size, budget size, timeline length, strategic
or political importance, impact on stakeholders, number of agencies and suppliers involved, number of
dependencies on other projects.




Change Control Plan – Preparation Guidelines                                                                            Page 2
In designing a change control process, consider the following:
          Approval authority: Who are all the decision-makers in the process and what is their level of decision-
          making authority? Note that this should be outlined in Section 4 above.
          Exceptions for urgent changes: How should the team get decisions to urgent change requests when the
          sponsor or CCB is not available?
          Required Documentation:
             −   Simple: change information is recorded in the Change Log and Status Report only.
             −   More complex: in addition to the Change Log and Status Report, Change Request Forms and
                 Change Impact Statements are used. Note that this additional documentation can help
                 communicate more clearly across bigger teams and multiple levels of decision-making authority
                 (i.e. Change Control Boards and Steering Committees).
          Storage: where should the Change Log, Change Request Forms, and Change Impact Statements be
          stored? As soft copies, hard copies, or both?
          Definition of “closed” Change Request:
              −    Simple: either when (i) change request is denied or (ii) change request is approved, team is
                   informed, and Plan, Schedule, and Budget are updated.
              −    More complex: when it has been verified that a change has been implemented correctly and
                   this verification is communicated to the Change Control Board or Steering Committee.
          Level of detail for tracking a Change Request:
             −    Simple: two types of project status: (i) open, which means it is awaiting decision and (ii) closed,
                  which means a decision has been made and the team understands required action to
                  implement.

More complex: seven types of project status as described below.

      Status                                                      Meaning
 Submitted           The Requestor has submitted a Change Request.
 Analyzed            The Evaluator has conducted an impact analysis and produced a Change Impact Statement.
 Approved            The appropriate person or group has agreed to the change and assigned action to implement the
                     change.
 Denied              The appropriate person or group has decided not to implement the change.
 Cancelled           The appropriate person or group has decided to cancel an approved request and reverse the
                     changes.
 Implemented         The requested and approved change has been implemented.
 Verified            An authorized person has confirmed that the change has been implemented correctly.
 Closed              The change has been closed in the log based on verification.

Automation: Will any steps of the process be automated? Use of enterprise project management applications
can automate some aspects of a change control process.

Examples:
Two examples of a change control process follow.

The first is a simple process and is appropriate for a relatively small and simple project. The second is more
complex and is appropriate for a relatively large and complex project.




Change Control Plan – Preparation Guidelines                                                                     Page 3
6.1      Simple Change Control Process Map
The following process map depicts a simple, manual change control process that only involves a Project Manager and Project Sponsor. Documentation is limited to the
Change Log and Status Report, and a change is considered closed when it is (i) denied or (ii) approved and the team is informed, and the Plan, Schedule, and Budget are
updated. There are two types of change request status: (i) open, which means it is awaiting decision and (ii) closed, which means a decision has been made and the team
understands required action to implement.


                         Change
                                                1. Analyze Impact of                             2. Approve or Deny                                       3. Implement
                         Request
                                                  Change Request                                   Change Request                                        Change Request
                        Submitted

                                               1.1 Enter change request in                                                                         3.1 Formulate action plan to
                                                                                                            2.1                                     implement change request
                        Change Log                     Change Log                                                                                                                         Action Plan
                                                                                                   Decide to approve or             approve
                                                       Project Manager                             deny change request                                    Project Manager
                          Project                                                                          Project
                          Server                                                                           Manager
                                          1.2 Assess impact of change on                                                                            3.2 Communicate required
                                              scope, schedule, budget,                                  deny                                              action to team
                                            quality etc + required action                                                                                 Project Manager
                                                    to implement                               2.2 Close Change Request
                                                                                                                                                                                         Status Report
                                                       Project Manager                                  Project Manager
                                                                                                                                                      3.3 Update Change Log
                                                                                                                                                         and Status Report               Change Log
                                                            1.3                         Status Report                  Change Log
                                                                                                                                                          Project Manager
                                                        Determine
                                                                                  low                                                                                                      Project
                                                 if impact is high or low                                   Project                                                                        Server
                                                          Project                                           Server
                                                                                                                                                 3.3 Update project Plan, Budget,
                                                          Manager                                                                                    and Schedule as required
                                                         high                                                                                             Project Manager                  Schedule

                                           1.4 Prepare recommendation to
                                                                                               2.3 Review change request,                                                                  Project
                                           approve or deny change request
                                                                                              impact, and recommendation                                                                   Server
                                                 for Project Sponsor
                                                                                                        Project Sponsor
                                                       Project Manager                                                                            Plan                          Budget


                                                 1.5 Update Change Log                                      2.4
                                                    and Status Report                                                                                3.4 Close Change Request
                                                                                                   Decide to approve or        deny
                                                                                                   deny change request                                        Project Manager
                                                       Project Manager
                                                                                                           Project
                                                                                                           Sponsor
                                       Status Report                 Change Log                                                               Status Report                 Change Log
                                                                                                    approve
                                                           Project                                                                                                Project
                                                           Server                                                                                                 Server
                                                                                                           Go to 3.1




Change Control Plan – Preparation Guidelines                                                                                                                                                             Page 4
6.2      Simple Change Control Process Narrative
The following table describes the steps in the change control process. Note that an activity assigned to the
Project Manager can be completed by the Project Manager or a designate.

    Step
                   Responsible                                               Action
   Number
 1. Analyze Impact of Change Request
 1.1            Project Manager      Once a Change Request is received, the Project Manager enters it into the Change
                                     Log, which is stored on the project server. Note that the request can come from many
                                     different sources, including the Project Manager.
 1.2            Project Manager      The Project Manager assesses the impact of the requested change on the project
                                     scope, budget, schedule and quality and any other relevant impact. This step includes
                                     determining what action would have to be taken to implement the change.
 1.3            Project Manager      Using the pre-determined levels of decision-making authority and definitions for low
                                     and high impact, the Project Manager determines if the impact is high or low. If the
                                     impact is low, the Project Manager has decision-making authority for the request and
                                     proceeds to step 2.1. If the impact is high, the Project Manager proceeds to step 1.4.
 1.4            Project Manager      If the impact of the change is high, it is too great for the Project Manager to make a
                                     decision. In this step, the Project Manager prepares a recommendation to approve or
                                     deny the request and submits it to the Project Sponsor for a decision.
 1.5            Project Manager      The Project Manager updates the Change Log and Status Report with information
                                     regarding the impact of the change request. These documents are stored on the
                                     project server.
 2. Approve or Deny Change Request
 2.1            Project Manager      Having determined that the change request has a low impact and is therefore within
                                     the Project Manager’s decision making authority, the Project Manager approves or
                                     denies the change request. If the change request is approved, the Project Manager
                                     proceeds to 3.1, if it is denied, the next step is 2.2.
 2.2            Project Manager      When a change request is denied, the change request is closed, which involves
                                     updating the Change Log and reporting the change request closed in that period’s
                                     Status Report. These documents are stored on the project server.
 2.3            Project Sponsor      For change requests with a high impact, the Sponsor reviews the change request, its
                                     impact as assessed by the Project Manager, and the recommendation of the Project
                                     Manager.
 2.4            Project Sponsor      The Project Sponsor approves or denies the change request. If the change request is
                                     approved, the process proceeds to 3.1, if it is denied, the next step is 2.2.
 3. Implement Change Request
 3.1            Project Manager      Once the change request is approved, the Project Manager is responsible for
                                     formulating an action plan to implement the change request.
 3.2            Project Manager      The Project Manager communicates to the team what action is required to implement
                                     the change.
 3.3            Project Manager      The Project Manager updates the status of the change request in the Change Log and
                                     the Status Report for that period. These documents are stored on the project server.
 3.4            Project Manager      If required, the Project Manager updates the Project Plan, Schedule, and Budget to
                                     reflect the impact of the approved change request. These documents are stored on
                                     the project server.
 3.5            Project Manager      Once a change request is approved and actions are assigned to team members, the
                                     change request is closed. Closing a change request involves updating the Change
                                     Log and reporting the change request closed in that period’s Status Report. These
                                     documents are stored on the project server. The progress of action against revised
                                     plans, schedules, and budgets is monitored in the Status Reporting Process.




Change Control Plan – Preparation Guidelines                                                                           Page 5
6.3           More Complex Change Control Process Map
The following process map depicts a more complex manual change control process with a Project Manager, Change Control Board, and Steering Committee. Documentation
includes a Change Log, Status Report, Change Request Form, and Change Impact Statement. There are eight types of change request status: submitted, analyzed,
approved, denied, cancelled, implemented, verified, and closed.


   Change
                   1. Receive Change                                                  2. Analyze Impact of                                                     3. Approve or Deny                                                         4. Implement
  Request
                       Request                                                          Change Request                                                           Change Request                                                          Change Request
  Submitted
                                                                                       2.1 Write Change Impact                                                                                                                         4.1 Formulate action plan
                    1.1 Orient Requestor in                                                                             Change Impact                        3.1 Review Change Request,
                                                                                              Statement                                                                                                                                  to implement change
                  completing Change Request                                                                               Statement                             and related information
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                request                      Action Plan
                        Form if required                                                     Evaluator
                                                                                                                                                            High Impact: Steering Comm
                                                            Status Report                                                                                                                                                                     Project Manager
                       Project Manager                                                                                                                           Med Impact: CCB
                                                                                        2.2 File Change Impact                                              Low Impact: Project Manager
                                                                                    Statement and update Change
                                                             Change Log
                                                                                        Log and Status Report
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      4.2 Communicate required
                    1.2 Complete Change                                                   Project Manager                                                                                                                                   action to team
 Change Request    Request Form and submit                     Project
                                                               Server                                                                                                                                                                         Project Manager
      Form            to Project Manager                                                                                                                                3.2
                                                                                2.3 Submit Change Request and                                                        Decide to             approve
                          Requestor                                               Impact Statement to Change                                                                                                                                                                 Status Report
                                                                                                                                                                  approve or deny
                                                                                      Control Board Chair                                                                                            Go to 4.1
                                                                                                                                                             High Impact: Steering Comm                                                 4.3 Update Change Log
                                                                                       Project Manager                                                                                                                                                                       Change Log
  Status Report                                                                                                                                                   Med Impact: CCB                                                          and Status Report
                   1.3 File form and update                                                                                                                     Low Impact: Project                                                         Project Manager
                       Change Log and                                                                                                                                 Manager
  Change Log                                                                                     2.4                                                                                                                                                                           Project
                         Status Report
                                                                                            Determine if               2.5 Instruct Project Manager                                                                                                                            Server
                       Project Manager                                                 change should proceed       Yes to proceed to steps 4.1 and
    Project                                                                                                                  4.2 only but not 4.3
    Server                                                                                 on urgent basis                                                                                                                              4.4 Update project Plan,
                                                                                          Change Control                 Change Control Board Chair             deny                                                                     Budget, and Schedule                  Schedule
                                                                                               Board                                                                                                                                          as required
                  1.4 Submit Change Request
                                                                                                Chair
                    Form to Change Control                                                                                                                               3.3                                                                  Project Manager
                          Board Chair                                                        No                                                                                                                                                                                  Plan
                                                                                                                                                                     Determine if
                                                                                                                                                                                             yes
                       Project Manager                                                                                                                            change request has
                                                                                                                                                                                                       3.4 Instruct team to
                                                                                                  2.6          med                                            already been implemented                                                                                          Budget
                                                                              low                                                                                                                        reverse changes
                                               2.7 Refer to Project Manager              Determine if impact            2.8 Refer to Change Control             on an urgent basis as                                                 4.5 Verify that change has
                                                        for decision                   Is high, medium, or low               Board for decision                      per step 2.4                        Project Manager
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     been implemented and report
                                                                                           Change Control
                                                                                        high                                                                      Project Manager                                                      to Change Control Board                 Project
                      1.5 Review Change           Change Control Board                                                  Change Control Board Chair
                                                                                                Board                                                                                                                                                                          Server
                        Request Form                                                                                                                                                                                                          Project Manager
                                                                                                 Chair
                    and assign an Evaluator                                              high                                                                         no
                  Change Control Board Chair            Go to 3.1                                                                Go to 3.1
                                                                                     2.9 Refer to Change Control
                                                                                                                                                              3.5 Close Change Request                                                 4.6 Close Change Request
                                                                                    Board for recommendation to
                                                                                         Steering Committee                                                       Project Manager                                                             Project Manager
                                                                                                  c


                           Go to 2.1                                                 Change Control Board Chair


                                                                                           2.10 Formulate
                                                                                     recommendation and submit
                                                                                                                                                      Status Report                  Change Log                               Status Report                     Change Log
                                                                                        to Steering Committee
                                                                                                  c


                                                                                       Change Control Board
                                                                                                                                                                           Project                                                                Project
                                                                                                                                                                           Server                                                                 Server
                                                                                              Go to 3.1




Change Control Plan – Preparation Guidelines                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Page 6
6.4      More Complex Change Control Process Narrative

   Step
                   Responsible                                                  Action
  Number
 1. Accept Change Request
 1.1           Project Manager          If someone making a change request (the Requestor) is unfamiliar with the change
                                        control process, the Project Manager provides guidance on how to complete a
                                        written Change Request.
 1.2           Requestor                The Requestor is responsible for completing and submitting a Change Request
                                        Form. This may be done with the assistance of the Project Manager.
 1.3           Project Manager          The Change Request Form is filed, and the Change Request is entered into the
                                        Change Log and the Status Report for the period. These documents are stored on
                                        the project server.
 1.4           Project Manager          The Project Manager provides the Change Request Form to the Change Control
                                        Board Chair.
 1.5           Change Control           The Change Control Board Chair is responsible for reviewing Change Requests
               Board Chair              and assigning someone to evaluate the impact (the Evaluator). This may be the
                                        Project Manager or someone else with subject matter expertise or stakeholder
                                        knowledge.
 2. Analyze Impact of Change Request
 2.1           Evaluator                The Evaluator assesses the impact of the requested change on the project scope,
                                        budget, schedule and quality and any other relevant impact. This step includes
                                        determining what action would have to be taken to implement the change.
                                        Conclusions are summarized in a Change Impact Statement, which is submitted to
                                        the Project Manager.
 2.2           Project Manager          The Change Impact Statement is filed, and information from the statement is used
                                        to update the Change Log and the Status Report for the period. These documents
                                        are stored on the project server.
 2.3           Project Manager          The Change Request and Change Impact Statement are provided to the Change
                                        Control Board Chair for review and further action.
 2.4           Change Control           The Chair determines if the change request is urgent and must be acted upon
               Board Chair              before the Change Control Board can meet to consider the change request.
 2.5           Project Manager          If a Change Request is considered urgent and must be acted on before the Change
                                        Control Board can meet to consider the change, the Chair instructs the Project
                                        Manager to complete process steps 4.1 and 4.2 but not proceed to step 4.3 until
                                        further instruction.
 2.6           Change Control           Based on the Change Impact Statement and pre-determined definitions for low,
               Board Chair              medium, and high impact, the Change Control Board Chair determines the impact
                                        level of the change and assigns it to the Project Manager or Change Control Board
                                        for further action.
 2.7           Change Control           If the change request is of low impact, it is referred to the Project Manager for
               Board Chair              decision and further action.
 2.8           Change Control           If the change request is of medium impact, it is put on the agenda of the next
               Board Chair              Change Control Board meeting for discussion and decision.
 2.9           Change Control           If the change request is of high impact, it is put on the agenda of the next Change
               Board Chair              Control Board meeting for discussion and recommendation formulation.
 2.10          Change Control           A recommendation regarding high impact changes is formulated and submitted to
               Board                    the Steering Committee.
 3. Approve or Deny Change Request
 3.1           Varies by level of       The person or group with decision-making authority for the change request reviews
               change impact            related change request information. (High Impact: Steering Comm.,
                                        Med Impact: CCB, Low Impact: Project Manager)
 3.2           Varies by level of       The person or group with decision-making authority decides to approve or deny the
               change impact            change request. (High Impact: Steering Comm. , Med Impact: CCB, Low Impact:
                                        Project Manager)



Change Control Plan – Preparation Guidelines                                                                                Page 7
Step
                   Responsible                                               Action
  Number
 3.3           Project Manager          Determine if the change request has already been acted upon on an urgent basis.
 3.4           Project Manager          If a change request has been acted upon on an urgent basis without approval at
                                        the proper level of authority, the team is instructed to reverse the change.
 3.5           Project Manager          When a change request is denied, the change request is closed, which involves
                                        updating the Change Log and reporting the change request closed in that period’s
                                        Status Report.
 4. Implement Change Request
 4.1           Project Manager          Once the change request is approved, the Project Manager is responsible for
                                        formulating an action plan to implement the change request.
 4.2           Project Manager          Project Manager communicates to the team what action is required to implement
                                        the change.
 4.3           Project Manager          The Project Manager updates the Change Log and the Status Report for that
                                        period. These documents are stored on the project server.
 4.4           Project Manager          If required, the Project Manager updates the Project Plan, Schedule, and Budget to
                                        reflect the impact of the approved change request. These documents are stored on
                                        the project server.
 4.5           Project Manager          The Project Manager verifies that the change has been implemented through an
                                        inspection of work completed.
 4.6           Project Manager          Once a change has been verified as completed, the change request can be closed,
                                        which involves updating the Change Log and reporting the change request closed
                                        in that period’s Status Report.



7.       ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
Instruction:
This section describes roles and responsibilities for change control.

Include roles and responsibilities in the table provided in the template.




Change Control Plan – Preparation Guidelines                                                                          Page 8
APPENDIX A: CHANGE REQUEST FORM
Insert the Change Request Form template if one is required in the change control process documented in this
Plan. A sample template is available at www.qnpm.gov.qa




Change Control Plan – Preparation Guidelines                                                           Page 9
APPENDIX B: CHANGE IMPACT STATEMENT
Insert the Change Impact Statement template if one is required in the change control process documented in
this Plan. A sample template is available at www.qnpm.gov.qa




Change Control Plan – Preparation Guidelines                                                          Page 10
APPENDIX C: CHANGE LOG
Insert the Change Log to be used in the change control process documented in this Plan. A sample template is available at www.qnpm.gov.qa




Change Control Plan – Preparation Guidelines                                                                                                Page 11

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Change%20control%20plan%20preparation%20guidelines

  • 2. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Purpose of Document _________________________________________________________________1 2. Objectives of Change Control Process ___________________________________________________1 3. Terms, Acronyms and Abbreviations _____________________________________________________1 4. Approval Authority for Changes _________________________________________________________1 5. Change Control Board _________________________________________________________________2 6. Change Control Process _______________________________________________________________2 6.1 Simple Change Control Process Map ................................................................................................4 6.2 Simple Change Control Process Narrative .........................................................................................5 6.3 More Complex Change Control Process Map ....................................................................................6 6.4 More Complex Change Control Process Narrative ............................................................................7 7. Roles and Responsibilities _____________________________________________________________8 Change Control Plan – Preparation Guidelines Table of Contents
  • 3. 1. PURPOSE OF DOCUMENT Instruction: This section provides the purpose of the document. Recommended text: The purpose of this document is to outline the change control approach for <Insert Project Name>. It provides standard terminology, clear roles and responsibilities, a detailed description of the approved change control process, and the standard templates used in that process. It is designed to guide the project team and stakeholders. 2. OBJECTIVES OF CHANGE CONTROL PROCESS Instruction: This section provides readers with the objectives of change control. Recommended text: The objectives of the change control process are as follows: Ensure that changes to the project have a strong business justification. Monitor and control the cost and other impacts of approved changes. Obtain the appropriate level of approval for changes. Ensure that project changes are understood and that team members do not begin work on new or unplanned tasks before change requests are approved. Maintain a clear and accurate record of changes made over the life of the project. 3. TERMS, ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS Instruction: This section informs readers where they can access the definitions used in this document. Recommended Text: All terms, acronyms, and abbreviations used in this document are defined in the Project Management Glossary at www.qnpm.gov.qa. 4. APPROVAL AUTHORITY FOR CHANGES Instruction: This section outlines who has the authority to approve change requests. In determining decision-making authority, consider the following: 1. A Project Manager often has the authority to approve change requests under certain limits. What should these limits be? Does the project require a Change Control Board? If so, which change requests should it have the authority to approve or deny? 2. Who is governing the project (Sponsor alone or Sponsor with Steering Committee)? Which change requests should be reviewed and approved by the Sponsor and/or Steering Committee? 3. Who is funding the project? How should the project funder be involved in change request decisions? Example One: Simple Role Approval Authority for Changes Project Manager Approves or denies changes with a low impact. Low impact changes are those that affect the project budget or schedule by under 10%. Change Control Plan – Preparation Guidelines Page 1
  • 4. Role Approval Authority for Changes Project Sponsor Approves or denies changes that are high impact. High impact changes are those that affect the project budget or schedule by over 10%. The Project Sponsor also reviews all low impact changes and has the authority to overturn decisions made by the Project Manager regarding these change requests. Example Two: More Complex Role Approval Authority for Changes Project Manager Approves or denies changes with a low impact. Low impact changes are those that affect the project budget or schedule by under 10%. Change Control Board Approves or denies changes that are medium impact. Medium impact changes are those that affect the project budget or schedule by an amount from 11-25%. The Change Control Board also reviews all low impact changes and has the authority to overturn decisions made by the Project Manager regarding these change requests. Steering Committee Approves or denies changes that are high impact. High impact changes are those that affect the project budget or schedule by over 25%. The Project Sponsor also reviews all medium impact changes and has the authority to overturn decisions made by the Change Control Board regarding these change requests. 5. CHANGE CONTROL BOARD Instruction: If the project has a Change Control Board, provide the purpose and membership of the Board in the table provided in the template. Delete this section if the project does not have a Change Control Board. Recommended Text: The Change Control Board will oversee the change control process. It will review all low impact changes made on the project and make decisions on medium impact changes. It will also review high impact changes and make recommendations to the Steering Committee on whether they should be approved or denied. 6. CHANGE CONTROL PROCESS Instruction: This section specifies the change control process for the project and includes how a change request is initiated, analyzed, logged, tracked, approved, and implemented. It includes a process map (diagram outlining steps) and a process narrative (text describing each step). Recommended Text: This section outlines the change control process for the project and includes how a change request is initiated, analyzed, logged, tracked, approved, and implemented. It clearly identifies roles, activities, the sequence of activities, inputs, outputs, and how and where information is stored. Tips: In designing a change control process, aim to make the process as simple as possible while still achieving the process objectives listed in the purpose section of this document. More complex projects require more complex project management processes. Factors contributing to project complexity include the following: team size, budget size, timeline length, strategic or political importance, impact on stakeholders, number of agencies and suppliers involved, number of dependencies on other projects. Change Control Plan – Preparation Guidelines Page 2
  • 5. In designing a change control process, consider the following: Approval authority: Who are all the decision-makers in the process and what is their level of decision- making authority? Note that this should be outlined in Section 4 above. Exceptions for urgent changes: How should the team get decisions to urgent change requests when the sponsor or CCB is not available? Required Documentation: − Simple: change information is recorded in the Change Log and Status Report only. − More complex: in addition to the Change Log and Status Report, Change Request Forms and Change Impact Statements are used. Note that this additional documentation can help communicate more clearly across bigger teams and multiple levels of decision-making authority (i.e. Change Control Boards and Steering Committees). Storage: where should the Change Log, Change Request Forms, and Change Impact Statements be stored? As soft copies, hard copies, or both? Definition of “closed” Change Request: − Simple: either when (i) change request is denied or (ii) change request is approved, team is informed, and Plan, Schedule, and Budget are updated. − More complex: when it has been verified that a change has been implemented correctly and this verification is communicated to the Change Control Board or Steering Committee. Level of detail for tracking a Change Request: − Simple: two types of project status: (i) open, which means it is awaiting decision and (ii) closed, which means a decision has been made and the team understands required action to implement. More complex: seven types of project status as described below. Status Meaning Submitted The Requestor has submitted a Change Request. Analyzed The Evaluator has conducted an impact analysis and produced a Change Impact Statement. Approved The appropriate person or group has agreed to the change and assigned action to implement the change. Denied The appropriate person or group has decided not to implement the change. Cancelled The appropriate person or group has decided to cancel an approved request and reverse the changes. Implemented The requested and approved change has been implemented. Verified An authorized person has confirmed that the change has been implemented correctly. Closed The change has been closed in the log based on verification. Automation: Will any steps of the process be automated? Use of enterprise project management applications can automate some aspects of a change control process. Examples: Two examples of a change control process follow. The first is a simple process and is appropriate for a relatively small and simple project. The second is more complex and is appropriate for a relatively large and complex project. Change Control Plan – Preparation Guidelines Page 3
  • 6. 6.1 Simple Change Control Process Map The following process map depicts a simple, manual change control process that only involves a Project Manager and Project Sponsor. Documentation is limited to the Change Log and Status Report, and a change is considered closed when it is (i) denied or (ii) approved and the team is informed, and the Plan, Schedule, and Budget are updated. There are two types of change request status: (i) open, which means it is awaiting decision and (ii) closed, which means a decision has been made and the team understands required action to implement. Change 1. Analyze Impact of 2. Approve or Deny 3. Implement Request Change Request Change Request Change Request Submitted 1.1 Enter change request in 3.1 Formulate action plan to 2.1 implement change request Change Log Change Log Action Plan Decide to approve or approve Project Manager deny change request Project Manager Project Project Server Manager 1.2 Assess impact of change on 3.2 Communicate required scope, schedule, budget, deny action to team quality etc + required action Project Manager to implement 2.2 Close Change Request Status Report Project Manager Project Manager 3.3 Update Change Log and Status Report Change Log 1.3 Status Report Change Log Project Manager Determine low Project if impact is high or low Project Server Project Server 3.3 Update project Plan, Budget, Manager and Schedule as required high Project Manager Schedule 1.4 Prepare recommendation to 2.3 Review change request, Project approve or deny change request impact, and recommendation Server for Project Sponsor Project Sponsor Project Manager Plan Budget 1.5 Update Change Log 2.4 and Status Report 3.4 Close Change Request Decide to approve or deny deny change request Project Manager Project Manager Project Sponsor Status Report Change Log Status Report Change Log approve Project Project Server Server Go to 3.1 Change Control Plan – Preparation Guidelines Page 4
  • 7. 6.2 Simple Change Control Process Narrative The following table describes the steps in the change control process. Note that an activity assigned to the Project Manager can be completed by the Project Manager or a designate. Step Responsible Action Number 1. Analyze Impact of Change Request 1.1 Project Manager Once a Change Request is received, the Project Manager enters it into the Change Log, which is stored on the project server. Note that the request can come from many different sources, including the Project Manager. 1.2 Project Manager The Project Manager assesses the impact of the requested change on the project scope, budget, schedule and quality and any other relevant impact. This step includes determining what action would have to be taken to implement the change. 1.3 Project Manager Using the pre-determined levels of decision-making authority and definitions for low and high impact, the Project Manager determines if the impact is high or low. If the impact is low, the Project Manager has decision-making authority for the request and proceeds to step 2.1. If the impact is high, the Project Manager proceeds to step 1.4. 1.4 Project Manager If the impact of the change is high, it is too great for the Project Manager to make a decision. In this step, the Project Manager prepares a recommendation to approve or deny the request and submits it to the Project Sponsor for a decision. 1.5 Project Manager The Project Manager updates the Change Log and Status Report with information regarding the impact of the change request. These documents are stored on the project server. 2. Approve or Deny Change Request 2.1 Project Manager Having determined that the change request has a low impact and is therefore within the Project Manager’s decision making authority, the Project Manager approves or denies the change request. If the change request is approved, the Project Manager proceeds to 3.1, if it is denied, the next step is 2.2. 2.2 Project Manager When a change request is denied, the change request is closed, which involves updating the Change Log and reporting the change request closed in that period’s Status Report. These documents are stored on the project server. 2.3 Project Sponsor For change requests with a high impact, the Sponsor reviews the change request, its impact as assessed by the Project Manager, and the recommendation of the Project Manager. 2.4 Project Sponsor The Project Sponsor approves or denies the change request. If the change request is approved, the process proceeds to 3.1, if it is denied, the next step is 2.2. 3. Implement Change Request 3.1 Project Manager Once the change request is approved, the Project Manager is responsible for formulating an action plan to implement the change request. 3.2 Project Manager The Project Manager communicates to the team what action is required to implement the change. 3.3 Project Manager The Project Manager updates the status of the change request in the Change Log and the Status Report for that period. These documents are stored on the project server. 3.4 Project Manager If required, the Project Manager updates the Project Plan, Schedule, and Budget to reflect the impact of the approved change request. These documents are stored on the project server. 3.5 Project Manager Once a change request is approved and actions are assigned to team members, the change request is closed. Closing a change request involves updating the Change Log and reporting the change request closed in that period’s Status Report. These documents are stored on the project server. The progress of action against revised plans, schedules, and budgets is monitored in the Status Reporting Process. Change Control Plan – Preparation Guidelines Page 5
  • 8. 6.3 More Complex Change Control Process Map The following process map depicts a more complex manual change control process with a Project Manager, Change Control Board, and Steering Committee. Documentation includes a Change Log, Status Report, Change Request Form, and Change Impact Statement. There are eight types of change request status: submitted, analyzed, approved, denied, cancelled, implemented, verified, and closed. Change 1. Receive Change 2. Analyze Impact of 3. Approve or Deny 4. Implement Request Request Change Request Change Request Change Request Submitted 2.1 Write Change Impact 4.1 Formulate action plan 1.1 Orient Requestor in Change Impact 3.1 Review Change Request, Statement to implement change completing Change Request Statement and related information request Action Plan Form if required Evaluator High Impact: Steering Comm Status Report Project Manager Project Manager Med Impact: CCB 2.2 File Change Impact Low Impact: Project Manager Statement and update Change Change Log Log and Status Report 4.2 Communicate required 1.2 Complete Change Project Manager action to team Change Request Request Form and submit Project Server Project Manager Form to Project Manager 3.2 2.3 Submit Change Request and Decide to approve Requestor Impact Statement to Change Status Report approve or deny Control Board Chair Go to 4.1 High Impact: Steering Comm 4.3 Update Change Log Project Manager Change Log Status Report Med Impact: CCB and Status Report 1.3 File form and update Low Impact: Project Project Manager Change Log and Manager Change Log 2.4 Project Status Report Determine if 2.5 Instruct Project Manager Server Project Manager change should proceed Yes to proceed to steps 4.1 and Project 4.2 only but not 4.3 Server on urgent basis 4.4 Update project Plan, Change Control Change Control Board Chair deny Budget, and Schedule Schedule Board as required 1.4 Submit Change Request Chair Form to Change Control 3.3 Project Manager Board Chair No Plan Determine if yes Project Manager change request has 3.4 Instruct team to 2.6 med already been implemented Budget low reverse changes 2.7 Refer to Project Manager Determine if impact 2.8 Refer to Change Control on an urgent basis as 4.5 Verify that change has for decision Is high, medium, or low Board for decision per step 2.4 Project Manager been implemented and report Change Control high Project Manager to Change Control Board Project 1.5 Review Change Change Control Board Change Control Board Chair Board Server Request Form Project Manager Chair and assign an Evaluator high no Change Control Board Chair Go to 3.1 Go to 3.1 2.9 Refer to Change Control 3.5 Close Change Request 4.6 Close Change Request Board for recommendation to Steering Committee Project Manager Project Manager c Go to 2.1 Change Control Board Chair 2.10 Formulate recommendation and submit Status Report Change Log Status Report Change Log to Steering Committee c Change Control Board Project Project Server Server Go to 3.1 Change Control Plan – Preparation Guidelines Page 6
  • 9. 6.4 More Complex Change Control Process Narrative Step Responsible Action Number 1. Accept Change Request 1.1 Project Manager If someone making a change request (the Requestor) is unfamiliar with the change control process, the Project Manager provides guidance on how to complete a written Change Request. 1.2 Requestor The Requestor is responsible for completing and submitting a Change Request Form. This may be done with the assistance of the Project Manager. 1.3 Project Manager The Change Request Form is filed, and the Change Request is entered into the Change Log and the Status Report for the period. These documents are stored on the project server. 1.4 Project Manager The Project Manager provides the Change Request Form to the Change Control Board Chair. 1.5 Change Control The Change Control Board Chair is responsible for reviewing Change Requests Board Chair and assigning someone to evaluate the impact (the Evaluator). This may be the Project Manager or someone else with subject matter expertise or stakeholder knowledge. 2. Analyze Impact of Change Request 2.1 Evaluator The Evaluator assesses the impact of the requested change on the project scope, budget, schedule and quality and any other relevant impact. This step includes determining what action would have to be taken to implement the change. Conclusions are summarized in a Change Impact Statement, which is submitted to the Project Manager. 2.2 Project Manager The Change Impact Statement is filed, and information from the statement is used to update the Change Log and the Status Report for the period. These documents are stored on the project server. 2.3 Project Manager The Change Request and Change Impact Statement are provided to the Change Control Board Chair for review and further action. 2.4 Change Control The Chair determines if the change request is urgent and must be acted upon Board Chair before the Change Control Board can meet to consider the change request. 2.5 Project Manager If a Change Request is considered urgent and must be acted on before the Change Control Board can meet to consider the change, the Chair instructs the Project Manager to complete process steps 4.1 and 4.2 but not proceed to step 4.3 until further instruction. 2.6 Change Control Based on the Change Impact Statement and pre-determined definitions for low, Board Chair medium, and high impact, the Change Control Board Chair determines the impact level of the change and assigns it to the Project Manager or Change Control Board for further action. 2.7 Change Control If the change request is of low impact, it is referred to the Project Manager for Board Chair decision and further action. 2.8 Change Control If the change request is of medium impact, it is put on the agenda of the next Board Chair Change Control Board meeting for discussion and decision. 2.9 Change Control If the change request is of high impact, it is put on the agenda of the next Change Board Chair Control Board meeting for discussion and recommendation formulation. 2.10 Change Control A recommendation regarding high impact changes is formulated and submitted to Board the Steering Committee. 3. Approve or Deny Change Request 3.1 Varies by level of The person or group with decision-making authority for the change request reviews change impact related change request information. (High Impact: Steering Comm., Med Impact: CCB, Low Impact: Project Manager) 3.2 Varies by level of The person or group with decision-making authority decides to approve or deny the change impact change request. (High Impact: Steering Comm. , Med Impact: CCB, Low Impact: Project Manager) Change Control Plan – Preparation Guidelines Page 7
  • 10. Step Responsible Action Number 3.3 Project Manager Determine if the change request has already been acted upon on an urgent basis. 3.4 Project Manager If a change request has been acted upon on an urgent basis without approval at the proper level of authority, the team is instructed to reverse the change. 3.5 Project Manager When a change request is denied, the change request is closed, which involves updating the Change Log and reporting the change request closed in that period’s Status Report. 4. Implement Change Request 4.1 Project Manager Once the change request is approved, the Project Manager is responsible for formulating an action plan to implement the change request. 4.2 Project Manager Project Manager communicates to the team what action is required to implement the change. 4.3 Project Manager The Project Manager updates the Change Log and the Status Report for that period. These documents are stored on the project server. 4.4 Project Manager If required, the Project Manager updates the Project Plan, Schedule, and Budget to reflect the impact of the approved change request. These documents are stored on the project server. 4.5 Project Manager The Project Manager verifies that the change has been implemented through an inspection of work completed. 4.6 Project Manager Once a change has been verified as completed, the change request can be closed, which involves updating the Change Log and reporting the change request closed in that period’s Status Report. 7. ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES Instruction: This section describes roles and responsibilities for change control. Include roles and responsibilities in the table provided in the template. Change Control Plan – Preparation Guidelines Page 8
  • 11. APPENDIX A: CHANGE REQUEST FORM Insert the Change Request Form template if one is required in the change control process documented in this Plan. A sample template is available at www.qnpm.gov.qa Change Control Plan – Preparation Guidelines Page 9
  • 12. APPENDIX B: CHANGE IMPACT STATEMENT Insert the Change Impact Statement template if one is required in the change control process documented in this Plan. A sample template is available at www.qnpm.gov.qa Change Control Plan – Preparation Guidelines Page 10
  • 13. APPENDIX C: CHANGE LOG Insert the Change Log to be used in the change control process documented in this Plan. A sample template is available at www.qnpm.gov.qa Change Control Plan – Preparation Guidelines Page 11