2. Photographic and Design Principle Image manipulation :- Photo manipulation is the function of image editing techniques to photographs in order to create an illusion or deception. Photos composited and manipulated in an image editing program Colour :- It is photography that uses media capable of representing colours, which are traditionally produced chemically during the photographic processing phase . E.G. Black and white Composition :- Composition is the placement of elements within the restriction of the frame of the photo. On a 35mm camera this is a rectangle. On a Twin Lens camera it is a square. In either case, the frame is going to see LESS than our eyes, so the trick is to decide what to point the camera at. Ruth Samuel

3. Photographic terms and Techniques Aperture is referred to the lens diaphragm opening inside a photographic lens. The size of the diaphragm opening in a camera lens Regulates the amount of light that passes through onto the film inside the camera the moment when the shutter curtain in camera opens during an exposure process. Camera Lenses - The focal length of a lens determines its angle of view, and thus also how much the subject will be magnified for a given photographic position. Wide angle lenses have short focal lengths, while telephoto lenses have longer corresponding focal lengths. Flash - A flash is a device used in photography producing a flash of artificial light (typically 1/1000 to 1/200 of a second) at a colour temperature of about 5500 K to help illuminate a scene. A major purpose of a flash is to illuminate a dark scene.