Ford Benzine Engine Systems Guide

YflK 621.43
55K31.365
E78
P e q e H a e H T b i : floicrop TexH. HayK, npo4>eccop B. B. Mqckobkuh,
flOKTOp TexH. HayK, npo<£eccop C. B. r ycaxoe
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pacneT, .quamocTHKa). yMe6HMK,qra By30B. - M: ropywafl nw-infl-
TeneKOM, 2011. - 552 c.: nn.
ISBN 978-5-9912-0130-8.
PaccMOTpeHbi 0C06eHH0CTM KOHCTpyKquM, pacneia m flMarHOCTMKM
cucTeM BnpbicKa TonnuBa coBpeMeHHbix oTenecTBeHHbix v 3apy6e»<Hbix
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BBK 31.365
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rioflnMcano k nenaTM 25.01.2010. OopMaT 60x90 1/16. Yen. M3A- n. 34,5. H3fl.Nsl1130. Tnpa>K 500 3K3.
OOO “HayMHO-TexHMMecKoe M3flaTenbCTBo “fopflMaa nMHMfl-TeneKOM»
ISBN 978-5-9912-0130-2 © B. M. EpoxoB, 2011
© Oc}3opMneHMe M3flaTenbCTBa «fopflHafl nMHMfl-TeneKOM», 2011
http://fordrazborka.zu8.ru

B B E flE H M E
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/iobom ydaHOBKM coBpeMeHHoro aBT0M06n/ifl. YpoBeHb ocHameHna
aBT0M06n/ieM 6eH3WHOBbiMn ABi-iraTe/iaMM b CLLJA cocTaB/iaeT 99%,
E B p o n e - 85 m flno H m -i - 95%. f l o H eA aB H ero B peM eH n HaM6o /ib U je e
p a c n p o d p a H e H n e MMe/iM A B n r a ie /in c K ap6 io pa T o p H b iM n cucTeM aM M
n m a H M d . rip e n M y m e c T B a v HeAOCTaTKM n o A o 6 Hbix c u c T e M x o p o a io
H3 B eC T H bl. OCHOBHOM MX H eAO C TaTO K CBH3 3 H C H e p a B H O M e p H b IM
p a c n p e A e /ie H n e M ro p io M e M civie cM n o u w /im H A p a M A B M ra T e /ia . H a / in -
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p e A a n n ynpaB /iH iO LU M x c u m a ^ O B , H a p y o ie H n e M n p o u e c c o B T o n /iM B O -
nO A aH M , n O B b lliie H H b lM paC X O A O M T O n /lM B a V B b l6 pOCOM B p e flH b lX
B eLuecT B (BB).
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h T eM n a M M n o A B /im m n e M m o 6 a /ib H b ix K O M n w o T e p H b ix T e x H O /io rM M .
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pery/iwpoBaHMH cociaBa roptoneM CMecw o6ecneHMBaeT 3<Jxt>eKTMB-HyiO
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3

C u c TeM b i BnpbicKa 6 eH3 HHOBbix f lB n ra T e n e ii
x p a H H K rrc H B b ic o K n e e 3A 0 B b ie K a q e c T B a v npneM M C T O C T b aBT0 M06n-jisi,
a T a K x e CHM xaiOTCH p a c x o A T o n /iu B a v Bbi6poc BpeAHbix B eLuecTB .
B M u p e m n p o K o e pacnpocipaHeHne n o / iy n m ia annapaTypa <J)np-
M bl B o s c h , HB/lHK>meMCH /IM A SP O M B p a 3 p a 6 oT K e H npOM3BOACTBe
T on/iM BH O M annapaTypbi. O TenecT B eH H O M n p o M b iL u /ie m -io c T b K ) c o B M e -
c t h o c BeAYLUHMM 3 a p y 6 ex<HbiMM cJ)npM aM n G e n e r a l M o t o r s ( G M ) ,
B o s c h , S ie m e n s v R e n a u lt a h a a B T 0 M 0 6 m ie f i c e M e tic T B T A 3 , B A 3 ,
C b h t o t o p m Y A 3 p a 3 p a 6 o ia H b i M M K p o n p o u e c c o p H b ie K O M n/ieK C H bie
c u c T e M b i y n p a B /ie H M H A B M ra T e /ie M ( M K C Y f l) , c o A e p x a L u n e a B T O M a-
TMHecKne cucTeMbi 0AH0BpeMeHH0r0 ynpaB/ieHna n p o u e c c a M M noAa-hm
T o n /iM B a m B o c n /ia M e H e H M H r o p to H e ti C M e c n . n o A o 6 H b ie K O M n/ieK C -
H b ie c u c T e M b i o 6 e cn e H M B a K )T T a io x e y n p a B /ie H w e K O H A H u n o H e p o M ,
BeHTM/lHTOpOM CMCTeMbl 0 X/ia>KA6 HMH M 3 cJ)(j5eKTMBHyK) p a 6 0 T y 3 BTO-MaTMHecKOM
k o p o 6 km n e p e A a n .
C o 3AaHne coBpeMeHHbix cu c TeM BnpbicKa Ha n p a K im e o c ym e c r -
b /ih io t npenMymecTBeHHO nyreM MexaHnnecKoro Bocnpon3BeA6 HMH
TexHMHecKMX pemeHMM no M3BecTHbiM aHa/ioraM. CoBepmeHCTBOBa-
Hue coBpeMeHHbix KOHCTpyKUMti, pa3pa6oTKa TeopeTMHecKHx ocho b
npoeKTnpoBaHMH m aKcn/iyaTauMM cucTeM ynpaB/ieHMH c npMHyAme/ib-
HbiM Bocn^aMeHeHneM npeACTaB/iaiOT c o 6 o fi Haw6 o/iee aKTya/ibHyio
n p o 6/ie M y c o B p e M e H H o ro a B T O M o 6 M /ie c T p o e H M H .
3 /ie K T p o H H b ie c u c T e M b i B n p b ic K a , n p e A C T a B /iflto m M e c o 6 o a B b ic o -
K O T e x H O /io rn H e c K o e o 6 o p y A O B a H M e , T p e 6 yiO T 6onee KB a/inct>ni4M p o -
BaHHoro o 6 c^ y x M B a H M H v p e M O H T a . B n p o u e c c e 3 K c n / iy a ia u ,m aB T O -
M o 6 n / ie f i c 3 /ie K T p o H H o ti C M C TeM ow B n p b ic K a T o n /iw B a B0 3 H m <aeT
H e o 6 xO AHM O CTb MX TeXHMHeCKOrO o 6 c^y>KMBaHMH C o 6 CTBeHHblMM CM-jia
M M B ^ a A e /ib u a , b p ^ A e c /iy n a e B H e K B a /im J )i'm i'ip 0 B aH H 0 . rip u B e A e H -
H b ie CBeAeHMH v p e K O M e H A a u w -i n 0 3 B0 /iHK)T n p a B M /ib H O 0 p ra H M 3 0 -
B aT b 3 K c n /iy a T a u m o v o 6 c ^ y x M B a H n e z ie rK O B b ix a B T 0 M 0 6 m ie f i c 3 /ie K -
TpOHHblMM CMCTeMaMM B n p b ic K a T O n/lM B a.
y n e 6 HMK n p e A C T a B ^ a e T c o 6 om CMCTeMaTM3 n p o B a H H b ie M a ie p n a -
/ib i m p e K O M e H A a u n n no p a 3 /iM HHbiM acneKTaM K O H C T p y n p o B a H n a ,
p a c n e ia v A w a rH O C T n p o B a H M fl c o B p e M e H H b ix CMCTeM BnpbicKa T o n /in -
B a 6eH 3M H O B bix A B M r a ie /ie fi. O h h n 0 3 B0 /iHK)T n p a B M /ib H O noH H Tb c y w ,-
HOCTb A aH H bIX CUCTeM, 0 C0 6 eH H 0 CTM MX KOHCTpyKUMM m p a 6 o T b i, a
T a K x e T e x H u n e c K o w 3 K c n /iy a T a u n n .

rnasa 1. KOHCTPYKTMBHblE H 3KCnJiyATALlMOHHblE
OCOBEHHOCTU CUCTEM BIIPblCKA TOnJIUBA
1.1. OCOBEHHOCTM CUCTEM BIIPblCKA TOrUlMBA
M e x a H M H e c K a a c u c T e M a B n p b ic K a zierKoro T o n /iM B a BnepBbie 6bi-n
a p a 3 p a 6 o T a H a b 1 9 1 2 r . b E B p o n e (Jjm pm om B o s c h (T e p M a H M H ). r ie p -
BO H aH a/ibH O 3 a e e o c h o b y 6 b m a npM H H Ta KOHCTpyKUMH L u e c ie p e H O M -
H o ro M a c /iH H o ro H a c o c a . C n c T e M a B n p b ic K a o 6 e c n e H M B a e T n o A a n y
T o n /iM B a H e n o c p e A C T B e H H O b u m iM H A P b i A B M ra T e /ia . r io A o 6 H o f i c m c -
T e M o w o c H a m a /iM A B n ra T e /in <J)npMbi D e jm le r - B e n z c B n p biC K M B aH neM
6 e H 3 H H a , Bbino/iHem-ibie Ha 0CH0Be A H 3e/ibH O M annapaTypbi. M e x a H M -
n e c K n e c u c T e M b i n o A a n n T o n /iM B a M 3 -3 a B b ic o K o ii mx u e H b i H e n o /iy s M -
jih H a M a c c o B b ix aB T 0 M 0 6 n / if lx mnpoKoro pacnpocTpaHeHna.
r ie p B b ie c u c T e M b i B n p b ic K a T o n /iM B a c 3 /ie xT p M H e cK M M y n p a B /ie -
H n e M 6 b m n c o 3 A a H b i b 1 9 3 9 r . b M T a /in n ct>MpM ofi M o n o G u z z i, h o ohm
O CTa/lM Cb TO/lbKO TeXHMHeCKOM HOBMHKOM.
B LunpoK M X M a c m T a 6 a x 3 /ie ic rp o H H b ie c w c T e M b i B n p b ic K a T o n /iM B a
6 b m n p e a /iM 3 0 B a H b i b 1 9 4 0 r. H a a B i/iauM O H H bix A B M ra T e /ia x . 3 a T e M
OHM M C n 0 /lb 3 0 B a n M C b H a rOHOHHbIX aB T0 M 0 6 MJlHX. rip M M e H e H M e 3 /ie K -
T p o H H b ix c u c T e M b a B T O M o 6 m ie c T p o e H M M b 3 t o t n e p w o A h o cm /1 0 n o -
MCKOBbm x a p a K T e p . B n o c /ie B o e H H o e B peM H H a c T y n n /i H O B biti 3 T a n mx
p a 3 B M T n a . r ie p B a a c e p n M H a a c u c T e M a B n p b ic K a T o n /iM B a c s /ie ic r p o H -
HbiM y n p a B /ie H M e M H e n o c p e A C T B e H H O b u m iM H A P b i p e a /iM 3 0 B a n a c b b
1 9 5 1 r. Ha A B y x T a ic m o M A s u r a T e / ie <J)MpMbi G u t b r o d .
B C 0 B p e M e H H 0 M noHMMaHMM c u c T e M a B n p b ic K a T o n /iM B a o c y m e -
C T B /ie H a b 1 9 5 1 r . c jw p M o P i B o s c h Ha M a n o /iM T p a x a iO M a B T 0 M 0 6 n /ie ,
ABMraTe/ib KOToporo 6bm ocHauueH MexaHnnecKOM cucTeMofi BnpbicKa.
B A a /ib H e M L u e M s to m C M C T eM ofi 6 b m o 6 o p y A O B a H M 3 B e cT H b iti a B -
T0M06n/ib M e r c e d e s B e n z 3 0 0 S L .
OupMa Chrysler (CLLJA) b 1957 r. pa3pa6oTa/ia CMCTeMy ynpaB/ie1-
hm BnpbiCKMBaHMeM Ton/iMBa, Bbino/iHeHHyio Ha BaKyyMHbix ziaMnax.
BblCOKaa CTOMMOCTb M HM3K3H TeXHO/lOTUHHOCTb CMCTeMbl HBM/lMCb
cepbe3HbiM npen^TCTBueM Ha nyrn npaKTnnecKoro nx npMMeHeHna.
O A H O B p eM e H H o c 3 t m m b C lilA KO H uepH General Motors (GM) b 1957 r.
Ha aBT0M06n/iflx cjjupM Chevrolet v Pontiac npMMeHwiM cucTeMy
BnpbicKa cJ)MpMbi Rochester.
5

C u c reM b i BnpbicKa 6 eH3 HHOBbix f lB n ra re / ie ii
BBeAeHne b C lilA b Hana/ie 1960-x toaob xecTKMX hopm tokcmh-hoctm
npeAonpeAe/iM/io H0B0e HanpaB/ieHwe b pa3BMTMn cucTeM
BnpbicKa Ton/iMBa.
BeAymne 3apy6e>KHbie cfupMbi Bosch (OPT), Siemens, Solex
(Opai-mwa), Bendix, General Motors, Chrysler (CULIA), Nissan (flnoHMa)
m cneuna^n3npoBaHHbie npoMbiw/ieHHbie (JjupMbi Lukas, Plessey
Automative Product (Be/iMKo6pnTaHMfl), Kugelfischer, Audi NSU
(0 P D , S.E.V. (OpaHUna) 3aHMMaiOTCfl C03AaHMeM coBpeMeHHbix c mc -
TeM BnpbicKa Ton/iMBa.
B Harnett CTpaHe pa3/ii/iHHbiMn BonpocaMM BnpbicKa Ton/iMBa 3aHM-MaiOTCH
OAO «BA3», OAO «rA3», OAO «3M 3», H I10 «Kn6epHeTUKa»,
HTU, «HAMM», M IT y «MAMH», H nO «U,HMTA», H n n «3/iKap» M AP-MexaHnnecKne
cwcieMbi c HenpepbiBHbiM BnpbiCKOM T o n /iM B a no-
3Bnnacb b Hana/ie 1960-x toaob. noAo6Hyio annapaiypy Bbinyci<a/ia
cJ)MpMa Bosch, a TaKxe Kugelfischer (OPT) v Spika (HTa/ina).
OupMa Bendix (CULIA) b 1966 r. npeAOCTaBM/ia cfupMe Bosch
MCK/lK3HMTe/lbHyK) Jim4eH3mO Ha npOM3BOACTBO 3/ieKTpOHHblX CMCTeM
BnpbicKa Ton/iMBa b TepMaHUM v Bpa3M^nn. BbicoKMe pe3y/ibTaTbi no-jiyneHbi
cfjupMOM Bosch (OPr), npoAe/iaBLuefi nyrb o t C03AaHHH npo-
CTePiLUMX MexaHnnecKnx ao coBpeMeHHbix aflanTMBHbix cucTeM BnpbicKa
Ton/iMBa.
nepBOHana/ibHO cJjupmom Bosch 6bma pa3pa6oTaHa cucTeMa
BnpbicKa MOA6/1M «D-Jetronic» c a/iexTpoHHbiM ynpaB/ieHMeM (hhaskc
«D» o t HeMeuKoro c/iOBa «druck» - AaB/ieHMe). <t>npMa Bosch c 1967 r.
npwcTynmia k BbinycKy annapaTypbi «D-Jetronic». B KanecTBe KOMaH-AHoro
napaMeTpa b stom cucTeMe, onepeAMBLuePi Ha MHoro /ieT
BpeMH MX pa3BMTMH, Bbl6paHa Be/lMHMHa AaB/ieHMH BO BnyCKHOM Tpy-
60np0B0Ae (BT). TepMMH «Jetronic» <J)MpMa Bosch ncno/ib3yeT p j*
CMCTeM ynpaB/ieHMH Ton/iMBonoAaHePi.
CoBepmeHCTBOBaHne KOHCTpyKunw «D-Jetronic» n03B0/ii/m0
pa3pa6oTaTb MexaHnnecKyio CMCTeMy BnpbicKa «K~Jetronic» v npn-
CTynnTb c 1973 r. k BbinycKy hobom nHeBMOMexaHnnecKOM cucTeMbi
HenpepbiBHoro BnpbicKa Ton/iMBa «K-Jetronic» (mhaskc «K» o t He-
MeuKoro c/iOBa «kontinuerlich» - HenpepbiBHbifi). B 3to m CMCTeMe
6eH3MH noAaeTCH bo BnycKHotf Tpy60np0 B0A HenpepbiBHO. CncTeMa
BnpbicKa b to BpeMa 6bma npn3HaHa Han6o.nee yqanHOti no 3<}>ct>eK-tu
b h o c tu m coAepxaHwio 0Tpa60TaBLunx ra30B (Or). Pa3pa6oTaHHaa
nHeBMOMexaHnnecKafl cucTeMa npocTa n aoct3 to h h o HaAexHa b sk-cn/
iyaTauMM. Pery/iMpoBaHMe K03cJ)cJ)m4MeHTa M36biTKa B03Ayxa (a)
6

Pna a a 1 . K oH c rp y ic rnBH b ie n SKcn jiya ra iiH O HH b ie 0 C0 6 eHH0 C Tn
CMCTeM anpbiCKa T o n n u a a _____________________
ochobsho Ha H e n p e p b iB H o P i aBTO M aTM necKO M o u e H K e p a c x o f la bo3-
Ayxa m Ton/inBa.
C/ieAytOLumvi STanoM c 1973 r. flB/iaeTCfl C03AaHMe cucTeMbi
BnpbicKa «L-Jetronic» (w H A e x c «L» o t H e M e u K o ro c/iOBa «luft» - b o 3 -
Ayx), n03B0^MBLuew ynpocTWTb paHee pa3pa6oTaHHyio (Jjmpmom
Bosch KOHCTpyKUMK). B KanecTBe KOMaHAHoro napaMeTpa cwcrreMbi
ynpaB/ieHna npMHHTa Be/iMHUHa pacxoAa B 0 3 fly x a .
B C0BpeMeHH0M K/iaccnct>m<aum'i pa3/iMHaioT cucTeMbi MMny/ib-
CHoro («D-Jetronic», «L-Jetronic», «LH-Jetronic») v HenpepbiBHoro
(«K-Jetronic», «KE-Jetronic») BnpwCKa Ton/iMBa.
Pa3BMTne cucTeM BnpbicKa (JwpMa Bosch c 1970 r. ocymecTB/ia-eT
no HecKO/ibKMM HanpaB^eHwqM: MexaHnnecKwe («K-Jetronic»),
3/ieKTp0HH0-MexaHMHecKMe («KE-Jetronic») n 3/ieicrpoHHbie («L-Jet-ronic
», «LH-Jetronic» n «LU-Jetronic»).
B A a ^ b H e M tu e M , b 1984 r., cfupMa Bosch pa3pa6oTa/ia 3 /ie K T p o H -
H y io MexaHwnecKyK) c u c T e M y «KE-Motronic» («E» - 3 /ie ic rp o H H b iM ).
WcnojiHHTe/ibHaa e e nacTb b o MHoroM cooTeeTCTByeT KOHCTpyxunM
« K ~ J e tr o n ic » . f l / i a n o B b iw e H w a t o h h o c t u A 0 3 n p o B a H M fl B M ecTO Mexa-
HunecKoro pery/iHTopa A aB /ieH M H T o n /iM B a n p n M e H e H 3 /ie ic rp o r M A -
p a B /im e c K H k i. C n c T e M a B n p b ic K a T o n /iU B a C H a 6 x e H a AaTHW KaM n p a c -
xO A a B 0 3 A y x a v n o /io x e H M a A P O C ce /ibH oP i 3ac/iO H K M .
CncTeMa Bnpbicxa «L-Jetronic» npeACTaB/iaeT Aa/ibHeMLuyio pa3-
pa6oTKy cfupMbi B o s c h , no3Bo/iMBLuyio b 1 9 7 3 r. 3aMeHMTb c w c rre M y
« D - J e t r o n ic » . O H a H B /ia e T C fl p o B e c H M x o M M e x a H n n e c K O M c u c T e M b i
« K - J e t r o n ic » . C n c T e M a « L - J e t r o n ic » coAepxnT a3Thmk pacxoAa bo3-
A y x a c n0ABM)KH0M 3ac/iOHKOki, o6ecneHHBaK>i±i,MM M3MepeHMe pacxoAa
B03Ayxa. Ko/iMnecTBO BnpwcKMBaeMoro Ton/iHBa onpeAe/iaeT
3/ieKTpoHHbiti 6/iox ynpaB/ieHMH ( 3 E Y ) , OTxpbiBaa aha 3tom u e / in
3/ieKTpoMarHMTHyK) cfopcyHKy ( 3 M O ) Ha onpeAe/ieHHoe BpeMH.
noTeHUMOMeTpunecKuCi AaTHMK noAaeT cwrHa/i 35Y noTpe6/iaeMoro
Ko/innecTBa B03Ayxa.
Be/iMHMHa AaB/ieHMH Ton/iHBa b cucTeMe Ton/iMBonoAaHM b 2 pa3a
Huxe no cpaBHeHwio c MexaHnnecKOM cwcTeMofi «K-Jetronic» n co-
CTaB/iaeT 0,3 Mna. Ha nacTM aBT0M06n/iefi c 1976 r. ycTaHaB/iMBaiOT
cucTeMy «L-Jetronic», ocHameHHyio Hempa/iM3aTopoM O r v a3thm-
KOM KMC^OpOAa (A.-30HA).
CwcTeMa BnpbicKa «LH-Jetronic» OT/iHMaeTca o t «L-Jetronic»
KOHCTpyKTHBHbIM BbinO/lHeHMeM AaTHUKa MaCCOBOrO paCXOAa B03Ay-xa
(AMPB). CncTeMa «LH-Jetronic» ocHameHa pacxoAOMepoM c npo-
BOJlOHHblM A3THWK0M, H3X0 AflLU.MMCH nOA HanpflXeHHeM (MHA6KC «H»
7

C u c reM b i BnpbicKa 6 eH3 HHOBbix n B u ra re / ie U
o t HeM euKoro c/iOBa «heiss» - ropanMM). PacxoAO M ep B03Ayxa c h s 6 -
x e H M3MepMTe/ifc>HbiM 3/ieMeHTOM b BHAe noA orpeB aeM ow M eTan/in-necKOM
hmtm m/im KepaMMnecKofi n/iacTMHbi. n o CTeneHM mx o x /ia x A e -
hmh 3 B Y o n p e A e /ia e T o6i>eMHbM p a c x o A a B 03Ayxa. Ko/ie6aHMH
AaB/ieHMH b BT He b /im h io t Ha p a 6 o T y M3M epMTe/ibHoro 3/ieM eHTa.
Be/lMHMHa 0X/ia>KA6HMH M3MepMTe/lbHOM HMTM 33BMCMT OT M3MeHeHMS)
n/iOTHocTM B03Ayxa. no Be/iMHMHe TOKa, H eo6xoA H M oii ah3 noAAep-xaHMA
3aAaHHOM T eM nepaT ypu, 3 5 Y o n p e A e /ia e T M accy n p o x o A ^ m e -
ro B03Ayxa.
n o c /ie BbiK/iiOHeHMH 3axMraHMH 3 B Y aBTOMaTMHecKM noAaeT
KOMaHAy Ha npoKa^M BaHne h mt m pacxoA O M epa a o TeM nepaTypbi
100 0 °C a h a e e o h m c t k m . B coBpeMeHHbix KOHCTpyKUMax pacxoAO M epa
M3MepMTe/ibHyK> HMTb 3aMeHM/iM c n e u n a /ib H o fi n/ieHKOM Ha KepaMM-HeCKOM
OCHOBe.
OMpMa B o sch c 1994 r. BbinycKaeT BapMaHT CMCTeMbi BnpbicKa
«LH-Jetronic» Ha OCHOBe n/ieHOHHoro AaTHMKa M3MepeHMH pacxoAa
B03Ayxa. T e n /io B o fi M3MepMTe/ibHbiti 3/ieMeHT TepMMHecKoro aHeMo-
MeTpuHecKoro TMna («LH-Jetronic») coAepxvrr HarpeBaeMyio np0B0-
zioKy m/im KepaMMsecKyio rmacTMHy. BbixoAHoti CMma/i pacxoAOMepa
npeACTaB/iaeT co6ov nacTOTHbifi CMma/i aMn/iMTyfloti 4 -6 B. no Mepe
yBe/iMneHMH pacxoAa B03Ayxa B03pacTaeT nacTOTa ynpaB/iHtomero
CMma/ia.
CMCTeMa «KE-Jetronic», pa3pa6oTaH aa b 1982 r., OT/iMHaeTCH o t
npeAbiAyLUeii KOHCTpyiaiMM npMMeHeHMeM 6 o /ie e co B epuieH H oro
3 B Y , Ha/lMHMeM CfyHKUMOHa^bHblX AOIIO/lHMTe/lbHblX AaTHMKOB M
ycTpowcTB. Mcno/iHMTe/ibHaa ee nacTb bo m hotom noBTopaeT CMCTeMy
« K -J e tro n ic » . noBbim eHMe to h h o c to A03MpoBaHMH Ton/iMBa a o c tm t-
Hyro nyTeM 3aMeHbi M exaHM necKoro p e ry/iH T o p a ynpaB/ieHMH b a o -
3 a T o p e 3/ieKTpornApaB/iMHecKMM p e r y jijr r o p o M AaB/ieHMH Ton/iMBa.
C ncTeM a yKOMn^exTOBaHa AaT4MKaMM p a c x o fla B03flyxa m no/ioxeHM H
APOCCe/lbHOM 33C/10HKM. 3HaHMTe/lbHafl HaCTb aBT0M06M^eM OCHaLUe-
Ha Hei1Tpa/lM3aTOpOM, C H a6)K eH H blM AaTHMKOM KMC/lOpOAa (X -3 0 H A ).
H a p y 6 e x e 1970-19 80 rr . b flnoHMM, CLLJA m HecK0/ibK0 n o 3 A -
H e e b TepMaHMM lu n p o K o e pa3BMTMe n o /iy n w iM M M K p o n p o u e c c o p -
Hbie CMCTeMbi ynpaB /ieH M a ABM raTe/ieM , b 1979 r. - CMCTeMa « M o t-ro
n ic » , B K/uonaioinafl b c e 6 fl aneMeHTbi CMCTeMbi B npbicK a « L -J e tro -
nic» m/im « L H -J e tro n ic » c 3/ieKTpoHHbiM 3 a x n ra H n e M , yn p a B /ia e M b ie
eAMHbiM 3 B Y .
CMCTeMy «LU-Jetronic» (MHAeKc «U» o t naTMHCKoro c/iOBa «ultra» -
CBepx, 3a npeAe/iaM M ) ycTaHaB/iMBaiOT b o c h o b h o m Ha aBTOMo6M/iM,
8

Fnaaa 1. KoHCrpyKTHBHbie n OKCnnyaraLinoHHbie 0C06eHH0CTH
CMCTeM BnpblCK3 TOn/IMBa__________________
w3rc>T0B/ieHHbie b C lilA . Ohs CHa6xeHa y/ibTpa3ByK0BbiM pacxoflOMe-p
o M B 0 3 A y x a . B n a T p y 6 o K n o A a n M B 0 3 A y x a n o M e m e H y /ib T p a 3ByKOBOM
reHepaiop BMxpePi, co3AaioiHMM 3aBMxpeHMH B03AywH0r0 ncrroKa m
p a 3 M e L u e H H b M n e p n e H A M K y ^ flp H O k H a n p a B /ie H H io B 0 3 A y w H o ro n 0T0-
Ka. 3 a B n x p e H n e B c > 3 A yw H o ro noTO K a B /iM aeT H a nacTOTy B 0 3 A y w H b ix
BO/1H, n o M3M eHeHM K) HHTeHCWBHOCTM KOTOpbIX C yA ^T 06 M3MeHeHMM
o 6b e M H o r o pacxoAa B 0 3 A y x a . Be/iM M M Ha n y /ib c a i4MM A a B /ie H n a b BTm
n 3 M e H e H M e n / i0TH0CTM n o c T y n a to m e r o B 0 3 A y x a He bhocht norpeuiHO-CTew
b n p o u e c c M 3M epeH M M . K o /in n e c T B O BMxpePi n p o n o p L (M O H a /ib H O
Be/iM H U H e p a c x o A a n o c iy n a io m e r o B 0 3 A y x a . Y/ibTpa3ByKOBbie Bo/iHbi
B ocnpM H M M aiO TC fl npneM H M K O M m npeo6pa3yK)TCH b BbixoAHbie 3 /ie K T -
pnHecKne cuma^bi.
CncTeMa «Mono-Jetronic» npeACTaB/iaeT co6om 0AH0T0HeHHyi0
CMCTeMy BnpbicKa Ton/iMBa. YnpaB/ieHMe noAaneCi Ton/iMBa b Hew ocy-
LUecTB/iHiOT no nacTOTe BpameHMH Ko/ieHHaTOro Ba/ia (KB) ABMraTe/ia
n no/ioxeHMK) APocce/ibHOM 3ac/iOHKM. OHa o6ecnenMBaeT noAany
Ton/iMBa nepe3 ueHTpa/ibHyio eAUHCTBeHHyio cJjopcyHKy. CMCTeMa
BK/itonaeT cfjyHKUMOHa^bHbie AaTHMKM no/ioxeHMa Apocce/ibHoti 3a-c/
iohkm, TeMnepaTypbi oxnaxAaiOLueM xmakoctm m BcacbiBaeMoro
B03Ayxa, A6T0H3UMM, sacTOTbi BpameHMH m no/ioxeHMH KB, CKOpOCTM
ABMXeHMH aBT0M06M/lfl, paCXOAOMepa B03Ayxa M KOHUeHTpaUMM KMC-ziopoAa.
YnpaB/ieHMe stom cucTeMow ocymecTB/iaeT 3BY, no/iynaK)-
lumm MHcJ)opMauMK) o t cj^yHKUMOHa^bHbix AaTHMKOB. CMCTeMa pa3pa-
6oTaHa b 1987 r. m npeAHa3HaneHa pun ABMraTe/iew Ma/ioro m cpeA-Hero
06beM0B a o 1,8 ji.
CTpyKTypHbie CXeMbl, KOHCTpyKTMBHbie 0C06eHH0CTM M npMHUMn
A6MCTBMH CMCTeM pacnpeAe/ieHHoro BnpbicKa cjMpMbi Bosch OT/iMna-
IOTCH 3HaHMTe/lbHblM pa3H006pa3MeM. ripMHUMni/ia/lbHbie TexHMHe-
CKMe pemeHMH M BbinO/lHeHMe OCHOBHbIX KOMnOHeHTOB CMCTeM Bnpbl-
CKa 0CTaK)TCa HeM3MeHHbiMM. OMpMa Bosch ocymecTB/iaeT BbinycK
CMCTeM BnpbicKa 6eH3MHa 6o/iee 50 /ieT.
O M p M a Bosch b 1989 r. H a OCHOBe CMCTeMbi «Mono-Jetronic»
p a 3 p a 6 o T a jia CMCTeMy « M o n o -M o tro n ic » , ocHam eHHyio yn p a B /ia io -
LUUM yCTpOMCTBOM M MMKponpOUeCCOpOM. B 3TOM x e ro Ay OHa BBe/ia
3 /ie M e H T y n p a B /ie H M fl «EGAS», B C T p o e H H b ifi b n e A a /ib y n p a B /ie H M H m
o6ecneHMBaioiii,MM no xe/iaHMio BOAHTejia cJ)MKCMpoBaHMe pexMMa
pa6oTbi AsuraTe/iH.
CMCTeMa «Motronic» (1979 r.) n p e A C T a B /ia e T co6oa c x e M y B n p b i-
CKa Tuna «LH» m/i m «L» c 3 /ie K T p o H H b iM 3 a x M ra H M e M , y n p a B /ia e M y io
eAM HbiM 3BY. B s t o m CMCTeMe B n p b ic K a M C K/uoneH bi n o A B M X H b ie 3/ie-
9

CucTeMbi BnpbiCKa 6eH3HHOBbix MBnraTeneii
MeHTbi pacnpeAeîHTe/iH Ton/ii/iBa v 3a>KMraHMH. B mx KOHCTpyKumo
BBefleHbi a s t h mk AeTOHauuM, orpaHMHm e/ib MaKCMMa/ibHOM nacTOTbi
BpauueHMH KB ABMraTe/ia, a TaKxe cucTewa caMOAnarH o c t u k m. Cwc-
TeMa «Motronic» n03B0/iaeT pery/iwpoBaTb <J)a3bi ra3opacnpeAe/ie-h
mh , ynpaB/iHTb HaAAysoM, a TaKxe M3MeHHTb Annny naipy6KOB BT.
3/ieKTpnHecKMM CMrHa/i onpeAeJiaeT KOJiMHecTBO B03Ayxa, nocTynaio-uuero
3a o a mh x o a nopwHH.
CncTeMa «Motronic ML 4 .1» (1987-1989 i t .) coAepxMT asthmk
nO/lOKeHMH APOCCe^bHOM 3aC/10HKM M 3By C 35-KOHTaKTHblM LUTe-
KepHbiM pa3beMOM, pacxoAowep B03Ayxa JionaTOHHoro Tuna, a^thmk
no/ioxeHMH KB, BCTpoeHHbiti b pacxoAOMep B03Ayxa, AaTHMKTeMne-paTypbi
B03Ayxa m pery/iflTop nacTOTbi BpameHMH KB Ha pexmviax xo-jiocToro
xoAa (XX). Ha 3tom pexmvie CMCTeMa ni/rraHMH o6ecneHMBa-eT
0AH0BpeMeHH0e BnpbicKMBaHne Ton/iMBa BceMM cjôpcyHKaMM.
CncTeMa 3a>KMraHMH CHa6xeHa MexaHnnecKMM pacnpeAe/iMTe/ieM
3axnraHHH.
CncTeMa «Motronic M 1.5» (1 9 8 9 -1 9 9 4 rr.) npeAHa3HaneHa
Ana 4- m 6-un^MHAPoBbix 8- n 12-K/ianaHHbix ABMraTe/ieti. OHa co-
AepxnT noTeHUMOMeTpnMecKMPi a^thmk no/ioxeHMH APocce/ibHoPi 3a-
C/IOHKM 3 BY C 55-KOHTaKTHblM LLITeKepHblM pa3beMOM, pacxoAOMep
B03Ayxa JionaTOHHoro T u n a , asthmk no/ioxeHMH KB pvvwaienn, AaT-hmk
TeMnepaTypbi B03Ayxa, BCTpoeHHbiPi b B03AywHbiPi pacxoAOMep,
m pery/iHTop nacTOTbi BpaLueHMH KB ABnraTe/ifl Ha pexnMax XX.
CncTeMa CHa6>KeHa yCTpoMCTBOM rpynnoBoro BnpbiCKMBaHMH
Ton/iMBa, cfiopcyHKM kotopow pa3AeîeHbi Ha ABe rpynnbi. BnpbiCKMBa-
Hue Ton/iMBa cfopcyHKaMM pa3Hbix rpynn np0M3B0AHTCH b pa3Hoe
BpeMH no ym y noBopoTa KB ABMraTe/ia. CncTeMa 3a>KnraHMH CHa6>Ke-
Ha MexaHMnecKMM npepbiBaTe/ieM-pacnpeAe/iMTe/ieM. flaTHMK MAeH-TMcj^
MKaivv un/iMHApoB pa3MeLueH b pacnpeAe/iMTe/ie 3a>KMraHMH.
CncTeMa ynpaB/ieHMH coAepxnT yarpoficTBo ynpaB/ieHMfl ymoM one-pexeHMH
3axnraHMH no napaMeTpaM AeTOHaunn v 3/ieKTpoMan-mT-HbiM
K/ianaH pjn ynpaB/ieHna M3MeHfleMoPi ahhhom BnyCKHbix KaHa/ioB.
CncTeMa «Motronic M 1.5.2» (1993-96 rr.) coAepxnT noTeHUHo-
MeTpuHeCKMM AaTHMK no/ioxeHMH Apocce/ibHoti 3ac/iOHKM m 3 By c
55-KOHTaKTHblM LLITeKepHblM pa3beMOM, TepMMHeCKUM aHeMOMeTpw-necKMM
n/ieHOHHbiw pacxoAOMep B03Ayxa, a^thmk no/ioxeHMH KB
ABnraTe/iH, asthmk TeMnepaTypbi B03Ayxa b BT n pery/iHTop nacTOTbi
BpameHUfl KB ABMraTe/ia. CncTeMa nm anm CHa6xeHa ycTpoPicTBOM
rpynnoBoro BnpwcKMBaHna Ton/iMBa, CMCTeMa 3axMraHMfl - MexaHM-necKMM
npepbiBaTe/ieM-pacnpeAe/iMTe/ieM.
10

r / ia e a 1. K o H crp yK T M B H b ie vt O K cn /tya ra tX H O H H u e o c o G e H H O c ru
CHcreM BnpbicKa TonnuBa_________ ______
C ncTeM a «Motronic M 1.5.4» (1994-1997 rr.) coA epxM T noTeH-UHOMeTpMHeCKMM
flaTMHK nO/lOXeHMfl APOCCe/lbHOM 3aC/10HKM, 3BY c
55-KOHTaKTHblM LLITeKepHblM pa3beMOM, flaTSMK nO/lOXeHMfl K B, flaT -
hmk TeM nepaTypbi B 03flyxa m pery/iH T op nacTOTbi BpameHMH KB. Cmc-
TeMa nMTaHnq coA epxM T ycTpoMCTBO rp y n n o B o ro BnpbicKa Ton/iMBa.
YcTpoCicTBO o6e3Bpe>KMBaHMq o r CHaSxeHo cmctcmom peuupKy/ia-u,
mm, cucTeMa 3axMraHMfi - 3/ieKTpoHHbiM pacnpefle/ieHMeM BbicoKo-ro
HanpqxeHM q. ynpaB/ieHMe bc/immmhom yr/ia onepexeHMq 3 a xM ra -
hm« ocym ecT B /iflioT no napaM eTpaM Be/iMMMHbi fleTOHauMM. .
CMCTeMa «Motronic M 2.5» (1988-1994 rr.) coAepxMT asthmk no-
/1 0 X e H M 9 AP O C C e/lbH O M 3aC/10HKM, 3 B y C 55-KOHTaKTHblM LUTeKepHbIM
pa3teMOM, TepMMMeCKMM aHeMOMeTpMHeCKMM HMTeBOM paCXOflOMep
B03flyxa, flaTMMK no/ioxeHMH KB, pery/iflTop HacTOTbi BpaiyeHMP KB
npM pa6oTe Ha pexMMax XX. CMCTeMa nMTaHMq CHa6xeHa ycTpoiiCT-bom
4)a3MpoBaHHoro BnpbicKa Ton/iMBa. CMCTeMa 3axMraHMH coflep-xm
t MexaHMMecKMM pacnpefle/iMTe/ib 3axMraHMq, a TaKxe a8tmmk
MfleHTMc|)MKauMM um/imhapob, pa3MeLueHHbiM b pacnpeAe/iMTe/ie 3a-xMraHMq.
ynpaB/ieHMe bc/immmhom yr/ia onepexeHMq 3axMraHMq ocy-
LuecTB/iflioT no napaMeTpaM Be/iMMMHbi fleTOHauMM.
CMCTeMa «Motronic 2.7» (1992-1996 rr.) coflepxMT noTeHUMo-
MeTpMMeCKMM flaTMMK nO/lOXeHMfl ApOCCe/lbHOM 3aC/10HKM, 3 By c
55-KOHTaKTHblM LLITeKepHblM pa3beMOM, TepMMMeCKMM aHeMOMeTpM-necKMM
n/ieHOMHbiM paCXOflOMep B03flyxa, ab t mmk no/ioxeHMa KB m
AaTMMK TeMnepaTypbi B03flyxa b BT, pery/iflTop MacTOTbi BpaineHM9
KB, pa3MemeHHbiM b 6a£inacHOM KaHa/ie. CMCTeMa CHa6xeHa a 3tm m-kom
MfleHTMcf)MKauMM um /imh a p o b , pacno/ioxeHHbiM b pacnpeAe/iMTe-
/ie 3axMraHM«, OHa o6ecneMMBaeT cf>a3MpoBaHHbiM BnpbiCK Ton/iMBa.
ynpaB/ieHMe b c /immmho m yr/ia onepexeHMH 3axMraHMH ocymecTB/iaioT
no napaMeTpaM fleTOHauMM
CMCTeMa «Motronic M 2.8» (1993-1997 rr.) c o fle p x M T noTeHUMo-
MeTpMHeCKMM ASTMMK n O /lO X e H M fl A P O C C e/lbH O M 3aC/IO HKM , 3 B y c
55-KOHTaKTHblM LUTeKepHbIM pa3beMOM, TepMMMeCKMM aHeMOMeTpM-MecKMM
n/ieHOMHbiM paCXOflOMep B 03flyxa, abtmmk no/ioxeH M q KB,
AaTMMK TeM nepaTypbi B03Ayxa m p e ry /i« T o p nacTOTbi BpaLueHM« KB
npM pa6oT e Ha pexM M ax XX, pa3Mem eHHbm b 6a£inacHOM K a H a /ie .
CMCTeMa 3axMraHMH C Ha6xeHa 3/ieKTpoHHbiM pacnpeA e/ieH M eM Bbi-coKoro
HanpqxeHM fl m ycTpoMOTBOM 4)a3MpoBaHHoro BnpbicKa Ton/iM-Ba,
AaTMMKOM no/ioxeH M q p a cn peA e/iM T e/ibH oro Ba/ia. ynpaB/ieHM e
Be/iMMMHOM y r/ia onepexeHMH 3axMraHMq ocym ecTB/iflK)T no napaM eTpaM
Be/IMMMHbl AeTOHaUMM.
11

C u c T eM b i BnpbicKa 6 eH3 HHOBbix M B u ra Te n eH
1.2. KJIACCMOMKAUMfl CUCTEM BIIPblCKA TOrUTIIBA
CoBpeMeHHbie cucTeMbi BnpbicKa Ton/iMBa pa3/inMaiOT no MecTy v
cnoco6y noflaqn Ton/iMBa, npuHunny pa6oTbi v Tuny pery/inpoBaHnq,
a TaiOKe KOHCTpyKTMBHOMy BbinO/lHeHMIO MCnO/lHMTe/lbHbIX KOMnOHeH-TOB
CMCTeMbi fl03Mp0BaHMq TOn/lHBa.
no Mecry no/?aw ron/iMBa pa3/iMHaiOT cucTeMbi BnpbicKa bo Bny-
CKHOfi TpaKT MJ1M HenoCpeflCTBeHHO B UM/lMHAPbl flBHraTe/lfl.
Flo viicny 3 M 0 m cxewe mx pa3Meuj,eHiw BbiAe/iaiOT cucTeMbi
ueHTpa/ibHoro (oflHOToseMHoro, MOHOBnpbicKa) v pacnpefle/ieHHoro
(MHoroTOMeMHoro, rpynnoBoro) BnpbicKa Ton/iMBa. CncTeMa uem pajib-
Horo BnpbicKa Ton/iMBa o6ecneHMBaeT noflany Ton/iUBa oahom c})opcyH-kom
b BT, a pacnpeAe/ieHHoro - noAany Ton/iMBa OTAe/ibHbiMM c}x>p-cyHKaMM
b BT M/in HenocpeACTBeHHO b Ka>KAbm uh/imhap AsuraTe/ia.
no npuHLiMny no/ia^M pa3/iMMaioT cucTeM bi BnpbicKa c H enpepbiB-HOft,
UMK/lMHeCKOM M 4)a3MpOBaHHOM CXeMBMU nOASMM TOn/lHBa.
no rm y KOHcrpyKTMBHoro BbinonHeHna y3/iOB A 0 3 n poBaHMq
BblAe/lfllOT CMCTeMbi C pa3/lMHHblMM OnyHXepHblMH HaCOCaMU, 3/ieKT-poM
am nTH biM M c}x>pcyHKaMM m pery/ifiTopaMn AaB /ieH M q Ton/iM B a.
no BpeMehM nonaw Tonnma pa3/iMMaioT cucreMbi c OAHOBpe-
MeHHbiM, nonapHo-napa/i/ie/ibHbiM (rpynnoBbiM) m 4)a3MpoBaHHbiM
BnpblCKOM.
OAHOBpeMeHHbiii BnpbiCK conpoBOXAaeTca noAaHefi Ton/iMBa
OTAe/lbHbIMM 4)OpCyHKaMM BMeCTe BO Bee UM/lHHAPbl He3aBMCMMO OT
coBepmaeMoro TaKTa ABHraTe/iH, T.e. Bee 4)opcyHKU 0TKpbiBai0Tcq
O AH OBpeMeHHO.
np M n o n a p H O -n a p a ju ie jib H O M (rp y n n o B O M ) B npbicKM BaH nn n o /Io a
n n a 3 M 0 BnpbiCKMBaiOT Ton/iMBO OAHOBpeMeHHO. TaK, Ha n e T b ip e x -
UM/1MHAPOBOM A B n ra T e /ie n p n nepBO M o 6 o p o T e KB BnpbiCKMBaiOT
T on/iM B o A s e 3 M 0 , a n p n b to p o m o 6 o p o T e KB - c /ie A y io iU M e A s e
3 M 0 , T.e. Ka>KAafl 4>opcyHKa n o A a e T o 6 m y io n o p u m o T on/iM B a fln q
O A H oro un/iM H A P a 3 a A s a B npbicK a. B npbiC K Ton/iM B a 4)opcyH KaM M
pa3/iM H Hbix rp y n n cooTBeTCTByeT o n p e A e/ie H H o P i Be/iMMMHe y r /ia n o -
B o p oT a KB A B n ra T e /ia . H e 3a B ncnM O o t n o jio x e H M H BnycK H bix K /ia n a -
h o b BnpbiCK Ton/iM B a np0M 3B0AHTCfl Asa>KAbi Ha Ka>KAbm o 6 o p o t KB
A B M raT e/ia. E c /in BnyCKHOft K /ianaH 3aKpbiT, t o Ton/iM B o o cT a e T ca b BT
AO c/ie A y iO L u e ro OTKpbiTMfl B n y c K H o ro icnanaH a A a H H o ro un/iM H A pa.
ABOMHOft BnpbiCK TOH/lMBa B TaKOft CMCTeMe OCymeCTB/lfllOT Bee
3 M 0 OAHOBpeMeHHO npn KaxAOM o6opoTe KB ABnraTe/in. OAnaKO
ohm BnpbicKHBaiOT /lMLUb no/iOBMHy TpeSyeMoro KO/inqecTBa Ton/iMBa.
12

rsiaBa 1 . KoHcrpyKTMBHbie u OKCnnyarai^noHHbie 0 C0 6 eHH0 CTH
c u c T eM BnpbicKa To n /in e a __________________
n p n n o c jie flO B a T e /ib H O M B n p b iC K e noflana T o n /iM B a o c y m e c T B /ifl-eTC
fl no onepeflM b n o p H A K e p a 6 o T b i u m /i m h a p o b A B M ra T e /ia .
0a3MpoBaHHbiM BnpbiCK o6ecnesMBaeT noAany Ton/iMBa k3>kaom
<J)OpCyHKOM B KOHKpeTHbIM MOMeHT BpeMeHM KaXAOI"0 UM/lMHApa
ABMraTe/ia.
H3BecTHbie CMCTeMbi ueHTpa/ibHoro m 3HaMMTe/ibHaa nacTb cm c -
TeM p a c n p e A e /ie H H o ro BcnpbiCKa npeACTaB/iaiOT co 6o m cxeMbi a mc k -
peTHoro a s mc t b ma . B MMny/ibCHbix CMCTeMax noAana Ton/iMBa npoM3-
bo amt ca nopuMAMM (AMCKpeTHo) b onpeAe/ieHHbie MOMeHTbi no/ioxe-hmh
KB ABnraTe/ifl. B cucTeMax HenpepbiBHoro BnpbicKa 4)opcyHKa
pa6oraeT nocTOHHHO, h o M3MeHqeTca /lMiiib ee np0M3B0AMTe/ibH0CTb.
H e n p e p b iB H a q noAana Ton/iMBa MMeeT p h a c e p b e 3 H b ix HeAOCTaTKOB m
Ana coBpeMeHHbix ABMraTe/ieii ee CMMTaiOT yCTapeBmeii. B CMCTeMax
c npnMbiM (HenocpeACTBeHHbiM) BnpbiCKOM Ton/iMBa Ka>KAafl c^opcyH-Ka
pa3MeLueHa b CTeHKe m/im ro/ioBKe UM/iMHApa m noAaeT Ton/iMBo
HenocpeACTBeHHO b u,m/im h a p Ha TaKTe cxaTMH.
B e /iM H M H a A a B /ie H M q T o n /iM B a b C M C TeM ax pacnpeAe/ieHHoro
B n p b ic K a c o c T a B /ifle T 0,3 M ila, a n pM H e n o c p e A C T B e H H O M - 5,0 M ila.
C u c T e M y u e H T p a /ib H o r o B n p b ic K a T o n /iM B a b p ^ A e c /iy n a e B A o n o /iH M -
T e /ib H o 0 C H a ii;a i0 T nycKO BO M 4 )o p c y H K o £ i, p a 6 o T a io m e M np M x o / i o a -
h o m A B M ra T e /ie m o T K /iio M a io iu ,e M C fl a B T O M a T n ne cK M no M e p e ero
n p o r p e B a . B c o B p e M e H H b ix KO H C TpyKU M qx n y c K O B y io 4 )o p c y H K y He
npMMeHfiiOT.
C M C T eM a p a c n p e A e /ie H H o r o B n p b ic K a 0 T /iM H a e T c q MHoroo6pa-
3 n e M TexH M M ecK M x p e m e H M M . B OCHOBe C B o e ii p a S o T b i o h m M c n o /ib -
3yiO T M exaHM HeCKMM M TMApaB/lM HeCKM M np M H U M n b l nOAaMM T O n /lM B a .
r io A o 6 H b ie CM CTeM bi n p e A C T a B /ifiio T c o 6 o m c x e M b i H e n p e p b iB H o ro
A eM C TB M fi. O h m p a 3 p a 6 o T a H b i m B binycK aiO T C H c^ m p m o m «Bosch».
HaM6o/iee u jM p o K o e p a c n p o c T p a H e H M e n o /iy H M /iM CM CTeM bi «K-Jet-r
o n ic » , «KE-Jetronic», «KE-M otronic» p a 3 /iM M H b ix B e p c M ft. HaM6o-
/iee n e p cne K T M B H O M M o x e T 6 b iT b CM C TeM a B n p b ic K a T o n /iM B a b no-
/lO C Tb U M /lM H A p a .
CxeMa pacnpeAe/ieHHoro BnpbicKa o6ecneHMBaeT noAany TOn/iM-Ba
b BT, Ha BnycKHOM K/ianaH m/im Ha nepeMbNKy MexAy BnycKHbiMM
K^anaHaMM. Pery/iMpoBaHMe KO/iMMecTBa noAaBaeMoro Ton/iMBa ocy-m
e c T B /ifle T C H nyieM M3MeHeHMH np0A0/iXMTe/ibH0CTM otkphtm h a o -
3npyK)LU,ero K/ianaHa 3/ieKTp0MarHMTH0M 4)opcyHKM.
0 a 3 M p o B a H H b itf B n p b iC K o c y m e c T B /ia iO T b o BnycKHOM naTpy6oK,
H e n o c p e A C T B e H H O b u m /im h a p m/im b A o n o /iH M T e /ib H y io KaMepy (b m x -
peByio, 4)opKaMepy). Pery/iMpoBaHMe noAaMM Ton/iMBa npM uMK/iMMe-
13

CucTeMbi BnpbicKa 6eH3HHOBbix ffBuraTeueH
ckom BnpbiCKe ocymecTB/ifleTCH aHa/iornnHO nyTeM M3MeHeHMq npo-flO/
DKMTe/ibHOCTM oTKpbiTMfl K/ianaHa 3 M 0 .
OflHOBpeMeHHbiM pacnpefleneHHbifi enpbtcK Ton/iMBa o6ecneMM-BaeT
ero noflany bo Bee uM/iMHApbi ABMraTe/ia. B CMCTeMax 0flH0Bpe-
MeHHoro BnpbicKa 4)opcyHKM coeflMHeHbi napa/uie/ibHO b oflHy m/im
HecKO/ibKO rpynn m ynpaB/iaiOTCfl o6ihmm MMny/ibCOM 3EY. OflHOBpe-
MeHHblM BnpbiCK OCyLU,eCTB/iqiOT CMHXpOHHO M/IM aCMHXpOHHO.
npM ci/iHxpoHhom BnpbiCKe Ton/iMBa Hana/io ero noflaMM onpefle-
/lfleTca CMmajiaMM 3aflaiOLuero reHepaTopa, T.e. CMHxpoHM3MpoBaH-hnmm
c nacTOTOM BpameHMq KB. CMHxpoHHbiM BnpbiCK qB/iaeTCfi
ochobhnm cnoco6oM noflanM Ton/iMBa b coBpeMeHHbix CMCTeMax KaK
ueHTpa/ibHoro, TaK m 0flH0BpeMeHH0r0 pacnpefle/ieHHoro BnpbicKa.
flpM cmhxpohhom BnpbiCKe noAana Ton/iMBa 4)opcyHKaMM 06biHH0
npoMcxoflMT oflMH m/im flBa pa3a 3a o6opoT KB. B HeKOTOpbix pexMMax
(nycK, pexMM xo/iocToro xoâ, no/iHaa Harpy3Ka, pexMM ycKopeHMa)
MoxeT 6biTb nepexofl Ha acMHxpoHHbiii BnpbiCK, npM kotopom MOMeH-Tbi
Hana/ia BnpbicKa He CBH3aHbi c nacTOTOM BpameHnq KB ABMraTe/ia,
a c/ieflyioT nepe3 paBHbie MHTepBa/ibi BpeMeHM.
nocneAOBaTe/ibHbiii BnpbiCK Ton/iMBa ocymecTB/iqeTca pa3fle/ib-
HO B KajKflblM UM/lMHflp nOC/ie OTKpblTMfl COOTBeTCTByiOLUerO BnyCKHO-ro
K/ianaHa b nopnflKe pa6oTbi um/imhapob. B CMCTeMax noc/ieflOBa-
Te/ibHoro BnpbicKa Ka>KAafl 4)opcyHKa CBq3aHa c 3EY MHflMBMflya/ib-hom
3/ieKTpMMecKOM uenbio. noc/ieflOBaTe/ibHafl pa6oTa <J)0pcyH0K
ocyLuecTB/iqeTCfi no CMma/iaM 3aflai0Luer0 reHepaTopa m 4)a30Boro
flMCKpMMMHaTOpa.
PacnpeaefieHHbiM BnpbiCK Ton/iMBa ocymecTB/iqeTca b Ka>KflbiM
UM/lMHflP OTfle/lbHOM ({)OpCyHKOM, yCTaHOB/ieHHOM B COOTBeTCTByiO-lumm
naTpy6oK BT. Pacnbi/ieHHaa CTpya Ton/iMBa, BbixoAamaa M3 4)op-cyHKM,
HanpaB/ieHa b CTopoHy BnycKHoro icnanaHa. Pacnpefle/ieHHaa
noflana Ton/iMBa MoxeT 6biTb 0AH0BpeMeHH0M m/im noc/ieAOBaTe/ib-
HOM, a TaKXe CMHXPOHHOM M/IM aCMHXpOHHOM.
UeHTpa/ibHbiM BnpbiCK Ton/iMBa ocyLuecTB/iqeTca oahom c|3opcyH-KOM,
paCn0/10>KeHH0M BO BnycKHOM TpaKTe Me>KAy B03AyX00HMCTMTe-
/ieM m APocce/ibHOM 3ac/i0HK0M. PacnbmeHHoe côpcyHKoii Ton/iMBo
CMewMBaeTCH c B03AyxoM b BT m Aa/iee nociynaeT b nopÂKe mx pa-
6oTbi. BnpbiCK Ton/iMBa 06biMH0 ocymecTB/iaeTcq oamh m/im A&a pa3a
3a oamh o6opoT KB ABMraTe/iq, a cocTaB CMecM pery/iM pyeicn ajim-
Te/lbHOCTblO BnpblC K M B aH M fl.
flo Tuny. perynupoB aH iw pa3/iMMaiOT CMCTeMbi BnpbicKa c pa30-
MKHyTbiMM uenqMM ynpaB/ieHMfl ABMraTe/ieM m 3aMKHyTbiMM c 06-
paTHOM CBq3bK) (^.-30HA).
14

r / ia B a 1. K o H crp yK T M B H b ie u O K cnnyaTaLiH O H H bie o c o S e H H O c ru
CMCTeM BnpbicKa ronnuBa
Pa30MKHyTafl cxeMa cucTeMbi ynpaB/ieHMH npeACTaB/iaeT co6ov
jinH efiH yio u e n b p a fla B3anMOAeftcTByiOLu,Mx 3/ieMeHTOB, coeflMHeH-Hbix
m fleiiCTByioLunx noc/ieAOBaTe/ibHo oahh 3a ApyrnM.
U,enb ynpaB/ieHUfi coflepxMT c^yHKUMOHa/ibHbie, cucTeMHbie m ne-peflatOLUne
3/ieMeHTbi (p u c . 1.1). B o6m eM BMfle pa30MKHyTaa uenb
coflepxMT CMCTeMy ynpaB/ieHMH 3 v ncno/iHMTe/ibHoe ycTpofiCTBO 7 c
BXOflHbIM 1 M BblXOAHbIM 8 napaMeTpOM. 3/ieKTpOHHblft 6/lOK 10 M
ycTpoiiCTBO ynpaB/ieHMq 4 cBq3aHbi MexAy co6ofi 3/ieKTpnMecKOii
uenbio 9 c 06pa30BaHneM CMCTeMbi ynpaB/ieHMa 3.
10 9
Pmc. 1.1. CTpyKTypHaa cxeMa cucTeMbi ynpaB/ieHMH ABMraTe/ieM
c pa30MKHyr0M uenbio
1 - BxoflHoPi napaMeTp; 2 - bh&luhiaw cJjaKTop; 3 - cucTeMa ynpaBJieHMa; 4 -
ydpoPiCTBO ynpaB/ieHMq; 5 - BbixoflHoPi napaMeTp; 6 - BHeiuHMM napaMeTp
Hcno/iHMTe/ibHoro ycTpoficTBa; 7 - Mcno/iHMTe/ibHoe yCTpoMCTBo; 8 - b u x o a -
HoPi n a p a M e ip Mcno/iHMTe/ibHoro ycT poticT B a; 9 - 3/ieKTpnHecKasi uenb; 10 -
6j iok ynpaB/ieHMq
BHeiiiHMii 4)aKTop 2 n p e flC T a B /ia e T co6oft B 0 3 M y m a i0 m e e b o 3 -
AewcTBue B H e u jH e ii cpeflbi Ha CMCTeMy ynpaB /ieH M H . Y np aB /ie H M e mc-nO/
lHMTe/lbHblM yCTpOMCTBOM 7 OCyLUeCTB/lfieTCfl n o COCTOHHMIO Bbl-x
o flH o ro n a p a M e T p a 5 cu c T e M b i y np aB /ie H M fl 3 v BHeLUHero B x o flH o ro
4>aicropa 6.
BbixoflHoii napaMeTp 8 ncno/iHMTe/ibHoro ycTpofiCTBa 7 npefl-
GTaB/ineT co6ofi nepeMeHHyio 3/ieKTpnMecKyio Be/iMHMHy, oSecneMM-BaiOlHyiO
ero KOHTpO/lHpOBaHMe B COOTBeTCTBMM C C^yHKUMOHa/lbHblMM
napaMeTpaMM cucTeMbi ynpaB/ieHMfl. .
B pa30MKHyT0ft uenn CMCTeMa ynpaB/ieHMH 3 perMCTpupyeT B03-
MymeHnq, M3MepaeMbie 6j io k o m ynpaB/ieHun 10. Ha Apyrne BHeuiHne
uo3AePiCTBHfl CMCTeMa He pearnpyeT. CncTeMa ynpaB/ieHnq 3 coAep-
>kht HeoSxoAHMbie (JjyHKUMOHa/ibHbie 3/ieMeHTbi, o6ecneMMBaioLUne
peuieHMe 3aAaHHbix yc/ioBnPi, Bbino/iHqeMbix pa30MKHyT0Pi uenbio
15

CMCTeMbi BnpbicKa 6eH3HHOBbix nBnrareneii
ynpaBJieHMH. Ha bxoa CMCTeMbi ynpaB/ieHMq 3 nocrynaeT bxoahom napaMeTp
1, npoxoflHLHMft n0c/iefl0BaTe/ibH0 Mepe3 pha np0Me>KyT0M-Hbix
3BeHbeB m npeo6pa3yeMbm b BbixoflHofi napaMeTp 5 cucTeMbi
ynpaB/ieHMfl 3.
Pa30MKHyTaq jiMHeftHafl uenb cucTeMbi ynpaB/ieHna (^yHKUMOHa/ib-
Hbix 3/ieMeHTOB He o6ecneMMBaeT no/iyneHne onTMMa/ibHbix xapaiore-pucTMK.
OHa 6o/iee Tpe6oBaTe/ibHa k to mho ct m M3r0T0BJieHMH 4)yHK-UMOHanbHbix
3/ieMeHTOB m noflqepxoHUH pex<MMOB ee pa6oTbi.
OyHKUnn ynpaB/ieHMH pa30MKHyT0ii cucTeMOft noflann Ton/iMBa v
onepexeHMfi 3ax<MraHnq b Tpaflnu,MOHHbix CMCTeMax ynpaB/ieHMfl abm-raTeneM
B03/i0>KeHbi Ha BOAHTe/iH. ripnMeHeHne nporpaMMbi c xecT-kmm
a/iropMTMOM ynpaB/ieHMH b pa30MKHyTbix CMCTeMax BnpbicKa
Ton/iMBa flBnraTe/in He o6ecneHMBaeT no/iyneHne Heo6xoflMMoro
ypOBHfl TOn/lMBHOM 3KOHOMMHHOCTM M MMHUMa/lbHOrO Bbl6pOCa Bpefl-
Hbix BeiyecTB (BB). CncTeMa He yMMTbiBaeT MHoroo6pa3Me KOMn/ieK-ca
B3aMMOCBfl3aHHblX 4)aKTOpOB. B 3TOM C/iyMae npOMCXOAHT 3HaMM-Te/
ibHoe paccor/iacoBaHne flePiCTByioLueiTi n onTMMajibHofi nporpaMM
ynpaB/ieHUfi.
noAo6Hbie TexHMMecKne peweHuq b BUfle pa30MKHyTbix CMCTeM
ncn0/ib30Ba/in npaKTnnecKM Ha Bcex aBT0M06njiqx HeflaBHero BpeMe-
HM. B0/lbLUMHCTB0 COBpeMeHHbIX CUCTeM BnpblCKa TOn/lMBa CHa6>KeHbl
3aMKHyToPi uenbio ynpaB/ieHUH flBnraTe/ieM.
ABTOMaTnnecKoe pery/inpoBaHne cucTeMbi BnpbicKa Ton/iuBa
06ecneHMBai0T nyTeM npeBpaLueHnq pa30MKHyToft cxeMbi ynpaB/ieHMH
b 3aMKHyryio, T.e. b cucTeMy ynpaB/ieHMH c xecTKOft o6paTHo£i CBA3bio.
CoBpeMeHHbie aBTOMaTnnecKne cucTeMbi ynpaB/ieHMH AsuraTe/ieM
Bbino/iHeHbi aflanTHBHbiMM (caM0npncn0ca6/iMBai0LUMMMCfl, o t nar.
«adapto» - npncnoca6/iMBaTb). noAo6Hafl cxeMa o6ecneMMBaeT hbo6-
xoflMMbivi ypoBeHb HaAexHow paSoTbi cucTeMbi BnpbicKa Ton/iuBa b
yc/iOBMflx 6biCTporo M3MeHeHM9 xapaKTepnc™K o6teKTa ynpaB/ieHMH.
CTpyKTypHaa cxeMa cucTeMbi ynpaB/ieHna c o6paTHofi 3aMKHyTo£i
CBq3bio (puc. 1.2) coflepxMT ynpaB/iqioLuee yCTpoMCTBo 14, napaMeT-pMMecKMM
flaTHMK 13 v 3EY 4, CBA3aHHbm Mepe3 3/ieKTpnMecKyio uenb
3 c flaTHMKOM 2 no/ioxeHMA Apocce/ibHoii 3ac.riOHKM v Mepe3 Bbixofl-hom
cum a/i 6 3EY, nepeAaiomuft KOMaHAHbM napaMeTp Ha npuBOfl 7
CMCTeMbi ynpaB/ieHMH. no/iyMeHHbm BbixoAHOft cum a/i 8 npuBOfla cm-
CTeMbi ynpaB/ieHMq nocTynaeT Ha pery/inpyeMyio CMCTeMy 9 (ABnra-
Te/ib). CncTeMa ynpaB/ieHMq nepe3 BbixoAHoCi cum a/i 12 CBq3aHa c
AaTMMKOM (a.-30Hfl0M), pa3MemeHHbiM b KaHa/ie 3/ieKTpnMecKoii uenn
15 06paTH0M CBA3M.
16

rn a B a 1 . K oH c rp yKTHBHb ie n sK c n / iya ram ioH H b ie 0 C0 6 eHH0 C Tn
cucTeM BnpbicKa ronsiHBa
1 2 3 4
4 =
5 6 7 8
W i H
1 —
15 14
Pmc. 1.2. C ipyK T ypH aa cxeM a CMCTeMbi ynpaBJieHi/is A B nraT e/ieM
C OSpaTHOM C B fl3 b K )
1 - BX0flH0M napaM eTp; 2 - flaTHMK n o /io x e H u n flp o c c e /ib H o ti 3acjiOHKM; 3 -
3/ieK T pnH ecK afl u e n b C M m a /ia ynpaBJieHi/ia; 4 - 3 5 y; 5 - BHeujHMM cJjaKTop;
6 - BbixoflHOPi CMTHa/i; 7 - ajieKTpMHecKMM npMBOfl CMCTeMbi ynpaB/ieHM a; 8 -
BbixoflHOPi c u rH a /i npMBOfla; 9 - p e ryjiM p ye M a q CMCTeMa (flB M raT e/ib); 10 -
BbixoflHOM n a p a M e T p cucT eM bi y n p a B /ie H u n ; 11 - B03M ym ai0m M Pi cJjaKTop;
12 - B b ixoflH ofi C H m an cucTeM bi ynpaB/ieH M n; 13 - napaMeTpMHecKMfi flaTHMK;
14 - ynpaB/iaioinee ycTpoMCTBo; 15 - ajieKTpunecKan uenb o6paTHoPi cbh3m
Bx o a h o m ynpaB/ifliOLunii napaMeTp 1 nepe3 p«A npoMexyTOHHbix
3/ieMeHTOB 4)opMMpyeT Heo6xoflHMyio Be/iMMUHy BbixoflHoro cnma.na
12 3aMKHyToti CMCTeMbi ynpaB/ieHMfi. BbixoAHOfi curHa/i 6 3/ieKTpnMe-ckom
uenn 6/iOKa ynpaB/ieHnq 4 4)opMnpyeTCfl noA B03flewCTBneM
BxoflHoro 1 m BHeiiiHero 4)aKTopoB 5. Bo3Mymaiomi'm napaMeTp 11
napaMeTpnMecKoro AaTMMKa 13 0Ka3biBaeT Ha 3aMKHyTyio CMCTeMy
nepeMeHHoe B03Mymai0LU,ee B03ASMCTBi/ie.
napaMeTpuHecKMfi flaTMMK 13 no 3/ieKTpnHecKoii uenn 15 nepe-
AaeT curHa/ibi BbixoAnoro napaMeTpa 12, Be/inHUHa KOToporo npo-nopunoHa/
ibHa 3HaMeHHAM BbixoAnoro napaMeTpa 10 ynpaB/iaioinero
ycTpowcTBa 14. Pery/inpyeMaa CMCTeMa (ABnraTe/ib) 9 CHa6>KeHa cm-
CTeMoPi ynpaB/ieHMfi npoueccaMM noAann Ton/iMBa ABnraTe/ia v mc-no^
HHTe/ibHbiM MexaHM3MOM ynpaB/ieHMq.
Be/iMHMHa BbixoAnoro curHa/ia 12 M3MeHaeTCq aAeKBaTHO M3Me-
Hem/iio BxoAHoro napaMeTpa 7. Apocce/ibHafl 3ac/ioHKa o6ecneMMBa-eT
n3MeHeHne cum a/ia 12 o6paTHoPi c b h 3m aAeKBaTHO M3 M e H e H m o
curHa/ia b x o a h o t o ynpaB/iaioinero napaMeTpa 1 m BbiAaeT curHa/i Ha
b x o a npoMexyroMHbix ycTpowcTB 3aMKHyToft CMCTeMbi ynpaB/ieHnq.
3^eKTpnHecKM ii npuBOA 7 p e ry /in p y e M o ii cucTeM bi 9 no/iynaeT
o6o6meHHbm cum a/i o t pa3/iMMHbix abtmukob nepe3 npoMexyTOHHbie
3/ieMeHTbi. BxoAHbiM napaMeTpoM paccMaTpuBaeMofi cucTeMbi
ynpaB/ieHU fi «B/iqeTC9 Be/iHMMHa OTKpbiTnq A PO cce/ibH ofi 3ac/ioHKM,
MOMeHT 3a>KnraHnn m cocTaB ropiOMeM CMecu. 3aKOHbi ynpaB /ieH nq
3THM1/I napaMeTpaMU pa3JiMHHbi. BoAHTe/ib M3MeHqeT Be/iMMMHy y r/ia
17

CncreMbi BnpbicKa 6eH3HHOBbix ABMraTeneM
oTKpbiTMH ApoccejibHoft 3ac.riOHKM. H 3 M e He Hn e Be/inHMHbi pacxoAa
B03flyxa conpoBoxAaeTCfi n3Me He Hn eM Ko/iMMecTBa Ton/iMBa m Be/iM-MMHbi
yr/ia onepexeHMH 3a>KnraHnq.
BbixoflHoPi napaM eTp 72npeACTaBJifleTCo6oM nepeM eHHyio 3/ieK-TpMHecKyio
Be/iMHMHy, K0T0paq HenpepbiBHo M3MepaeTC9 m cpaBHMBa-eTcn
c BxoflHbiM napaMeTpoM. YnpaB/ieHMe b 3aMKHyTOM K o w y p e
o6ecnennBaeT AeftCTBue B03Mymaiomero câKTopa 11 napaM eT puqe-
CKoro flaTMMKa 13 b 3aMKHyTOM uenn ynpaB/ieHMq. BoflMTe/ib co CBoe-ro
pa6oMero MecTa nepe3 B03flyiuHyi0 3ac/iOHKy B03fleiiCTByeT Ha
3/ieKTpMHecKyio uenb 3 cucTeMbi ynpaB/ieHMH, b x o a h h m napaMeTpoM
KOTopoii qB/iaeTCfi 3/ieKTpMHecKMM CMma/i flaTMMKa ycTpoMCTBa nofla-
HM B03flyxa.
CncTeMa ynpaB/ieHMq flBnraTe/ieM no o6paTHoft 3/ieicrpMMecKOM
CB93M 15 coo6meHa c flaTHUKOM no/ioxeHnq APOCce/ibHOM 3ac/ioHKM
(fln fl3 ) 2. ripuBefleHHafi CMCTeMa no 3/ieKTpnMecKMM ueraM no/iyMa-eT
CMmanbi flePiCTBMM BOflMTeâ nepe3 flaTMHK pacxofla B03flyxa, CB9-
3aHHbw c nefla/ibio ynpaB/ieHMH. B npouecce abmxchmh BOflHTe/ib no
xe/iaHMio M3MeHfleT Be/iMMviHy yr/ia otkphtm h APOCce/ibHOM 3ac/ioH-km,
06ecneHMBai0 LU,eM Heo6xoflMMbiii pacxofl B03flyxa. B KanecTBe
nepBMMHoPi MHct>opMau,MM c/iyxaT curHa/ibi flaTMMKOB BepxHeft Mepx-bom
tohkm (BMT), no/ioxeHMq pacnpefle/iMTe/ibHoro Ba/ia, y m o B o r o
no/ioxeHMH KB flBnraTe/iq, MaccoBoro pacxofla B03flyxa (m/im flaB/ie-hmh
b BT) m fleTOHaunM. 3aMKHyTafl cucTeMa o6ecneMMBaeT Heo6xo-flMMyio
T0MH0CTb noflflepxaHMH Tpe6yeMbix napaMeTpoB no cpaBHe-
HMIO C pa30MKHyT0M CMCTeMOM.
CTpyKTypHaa cxeMa 3aMKHyTOM CMCTeMbi Ton/iMBonoflaHM abm-raTe/
ifl c o6paTHoii CBH3bio npMBeAeHa Ha pmc. 1.3. C M C T e M a CHa6-
x e H a HeMTpa/iM3aTopoM o r c abthmkom KMC/iopoAa 4 ( X - 3 o h a ),
pa3MeifleHHbiM b uenM 06paTH0M cba3m, m Mcno/iHMTe/ibHbiM opra-h
o m 8 noflaMM Ton/iMBa. flBMraTe/ib 2 nepe3 3/ieKTpMMecKyio uenb 1
no/iynaeT CMrHa/i cocTaBa roptoneM CM ec M ot Mcno/iHMTe/ibHoro op-raHa
8 m Mepe3 3/ieKTpMnecKyio uenb 3 co o 6 m a e T C H c abtmmkom
KMC/iopoAa 4. 3/ieKTpoHHbiM 6/iok ynpaB/ieHMfi 6 c noMombio 3/ieKT-pMMecKoro
CMma/ia Mepe3 uenb 06paTH0M cbh3m 7 cBH3aH c Mcno/i-
HMTe/lbHblM opraHOM 8.
Hcno/iHMTe/ibHbm opraH 8 o6ecnenMBaeT M3MeHeHMe cocTaBa
ropioneM CMecu (a) b x o a h o t o cuma/ia. Be/iMMMHa KOHueHTpauMM o t -
Ae/ibHbix K0Mn0HeHT0B BpeAHbix BemecTB O r ABMraTe/ifl 2 no3BoziqeT
oueHMTb K03<J)c})MuMeHT M36biTKa B03Ayxa npopearMpoBaBineM ropio-neM
CMecM. flaTMMK 4 KMCôpoAa Bbipa6aTbiBaeT 3/ieicrpMMecKMM CMr-
18

pjiaaa 1. KoHcrpyKTMBHbie n OKcnnyarai^noHHbie 0C0 6eHH0CTn
__________________cucTeM BnpbicKa ro n nm a __________________
1 2 3 4
i
8 7 ---------------i ---------------w
7 6 5
Pmc. 1.3. YnpoLueHHasi CTpyKTypHafl cxeMa cucTeMbi TonjiMBOnoflasM
C 06paTH0fi C B 93bK D
l - a/ieKTpMHecKaa uenb nepeflaHM cMrHa/ia Mcno/iHMTe/ibHoro opraHa (a); 2 -
MBMraTe/ib; 3 - 3/ieKTpnHecKasi uenb nepeflasM cMrHa/ia ynpaB/ieHMH (aor); 4 -
naTHMK KM C/iopofla; 5 - ajieKTpunecKMM c u rH a /i AaTHwca K M c/iopofla; 6 - 3 B Y ;
7 - 3/ieKTpnHecKMM curHa/i ofSpaTHoii cbh3m; 8 - Mcno/iHMTe/ibHbiPi opraH no-flann
TonjiMBa
Ha/i 5, 3aBMcniMMM o t cocTaBa O r flBnraTe/ifi 2. 3BY 6 no curHanaM
AaTMMKa KMC/iopoAa noflflepxMBaeT Heo6xoAHMoe cooTHOmeHne bo3-
Ayx/Ton/iMBO, o6ecneMMBaioinee Han6o/iee acJxJjeKTMBHyio pa6oiy
HewTpa/iM3aTopa. ripn stom 3/ieKTpoHHbiii 6/iok 6 Bbipa6aTbiBaeT
3/ieKTpMMeCKMM CMrHa/1 7, npMBOA«iynil B AeilCTBMe MCnO/lHMTe/lbHbm
opraH 8, KOTopbiii o6ecneMMBaeT pery/inpoBaHne Be/iMHMHbi noflann
ron/iMBa (a), nocTynaioinero b ABnraTe/ib 2. MrH0BeHH0e 3HaMeHne
K034)4)MuneHTa M36biTKa B03Ayxa noAAepxMBaeTca Ha ypoBHe a = 1.
B CMCTeMe peryni/ipoBaH uq a or onpeA e/im oT n y ie M M3MepeHnn
KOHUeHTpaUMM KMC/lOpOfla B O r C nOMOlMbK) X-30HAa, Ha BblXOfle ko-
T o p o ro noHB/iqeTca H anpaxeH ne, n p o n o p u noH anbH oe Be/iMHMHe ko-
3({)({)MUMeHTa M36biTKa B03Ayxa. no/iyneH H yio Be/innnHy a or CMCTeMa
cpaBHMBaeT c 3aAaHHbiM 3HaneHneM a . rip n Hannnnn OTK/iOHeHun
pacHeTHoft Be/iMHMHbi a o t 3aAaHHofi McnojiHMTe/ibHbifi CMma/i p e ry -
/ifiT o p a no curH a/iaM 3 B Y M3MeHpeT np0A0/i>KMTe.nbH0CTb BnpbicKM-BaHMq.
P e ry/inpoB aH ne ocyujtecTB/ineTcn c noMoiuibK) nepeMHOxaK)-
LU,ero 3BeHa 3 B Y , yMMTbiBaiomero pa3/iMMHbie KoppeKTMpoBOMHbie
c)3aKTopbi. 3 B Y 6 no cnrH anyA.-30H Aa ycn/inB aeTM KoppeKTnpyeT a jim -
Te/ibHOCTb MMny/ibca BnpbicKa 3Mct>, o6ecneMMBan no/iyneH ne H eo6-
xoahmom Be/iMMMHbi yn p a B /ia e M o ro napaM eTpa.
1.3. nPMHUMnMAJIbHblE CXEMbl CIICTEM BIIPblCKA TOnJlllBA
B coBpeMeHHbix KOHCTpyKuunx aBT0M06n/ibHbix ABMraTe/ieM Han-
6o/ibiuee pacnpocTpaHeHne no/iyMM/in cucTeMbi c uem-pa/ibHbiM v
pacnpeAe/ieHHbiM BnpbiCKOM Ton/iMBa. nepBaq CMCTeMa coAepxMT
19

CncreMbi BnpbicKa 6eH3MHOBbix gBMraTeneM
MHorne M3BecTHbie HeflOCTaTKM Kap6iopaTopa, nosTOMy OHa no/iynM-
/ia orpaHMMeHHoe pacnpocTpaHeHne. Han6o/iee nepcneKTMBHOM c m m -
TaioT CMCTeMy c pacnpefle/ieHHbiM BnpbiCKOM Ton/iMBa.
CrpyKrypHaa c x e M a c u c re M b i u ,e H T p an bH o ro B n p u c x a (p u c . 1.4)
co fle pxM T BT 3, B03flyLUHbm naTpy6oK 7 c pa3Meiu,eHHOM b HeM <}>op-cyHKoPi
6 c 3/ieKTpnMecKMM pa3teMOM 5 m T p y 60n p 0B0fl noflann T o n -
JIMBa. npM OTKpblTMM APOCCe/lbHOil 3aCJ10HKM 4 TOn/lMBO M3 c})OpCyHKM
6 n o c T y n a e T b BM^e cfcaKem nepe3 B nycK H oP i T p y 6 0 n p 0 B 0 A 3 b o B n y -
CKHbie naTpy6KM 2, fla/iee b o BnycKHbie KaHa^bi 1, a 3aTeM b umjimha-pbi
9 flBnraTe/ia 8.
Puc. 1.4. C T p y K T y p H a n cxeMa
cucTeMbi ueHTpa/ibHoro BnpbicKa
T o n /iM B a
1 - BnycKHOM KaHa/i; 2 - BnycKHOM
n a T p y 6 o K | 3 - B n y c K H O ii T p y 6 o -
n p o B O f l; 4 - A p o c c e j i b H a a 3 a -
c / io H K a ; 5 - a /ie ic r p M H e c K M M p a 3 t> -
noA a na Ton/iMBa npn uempa/ibHOM BnpbiCKe ocymecTBJineTCfl b
o 6 lhmm B0 3 AywHbiM n a Tp y 6 oK 7 oahom 4>opcyHKoii 6 , ycTaHOB/ieHHOM
h s a Apocce/ibHOii 3acjiOHKoft 4. cfcopcyHKa CHa6 >KeHa aiecTbio pacnbi-
/lMTe/ifiMH, 0 6 ecneHMBai0 LAMMM Heo6 xoAHMbm ypoBeHb CMeceo6 p a -
3 0 BaHnn. U,eHTpa.ribHaa 4>opcyHKa xapaKTepn3yeTCfl h m 3 k m m c o n p o -
T M B /ieH M eM o 6 m o t k m 3 /ie K T p o M a rH M T a (4 -5 O m ).
CMcrewa pacnpe/ieneHHoro Bnpucxa ronnm a (puc. 1.5) coAepxnT
BT 6 c BnycKHbiM naTpy6KOM 2 u tcaHEUiOM 1, TonnnBHbiw Tpy60np0B0A
7 co liiTyuepoM 4, B03AywHbifi naTpySoK 9 c APOCce/ibHofi 3ac/iOH-k
o m . Tpy60np0B0A 7 CHa6xeH naTpy6KOM noAann Ton/iMBa 5, pery/iq-t
o p o m AaB/ieHMq 11 co LUTyuepoM 10 v uiTyuepoM 12 o6paTHoro
c/iMBa Ton/iMBa.
OcHOBHbiMM 3/ieMeHTaMM CMCTeMbi pacnpeAe/ieHHoro BnpbicKa
AB/iqiOTCq pacxoAOMep B03Ayxa, coo6meHHbiM c B03AywnbiM 4>wib-
TpoM, 3BY m Ton/iMBHbie 3 M 0 3, pa3MemeHHbie bo BnycKHOM naT-pySKe
2.
9 e M ; 6 - T o r u iM B H a a c J jo p c y H K a ; 7 -
B 0 3 f l y u jH b if i n a T p y 6 o i< ; 8 - A e n r a -
T e /ib ; 9 - umiMHflp
20

rnaaa 1. KoHCTpyxruBHbie h SKcnnyaraixnoHHbie 0C06eHH0Crn
CMCreM BnpbicKa ronnuBa
Puc. 1.5. CTpyKTypHaa cxeMa
cucTeMbi pacnpeAe/ieHHoro
BnpbicKa TOn/iuBa
1 - BnycKHOM KaHa/i; 2 - BnycKHOPi
naTpy60K; 3 - Ton/iUBHan c{>op-cyHKa;
4 - TOn/inBHbiPi LUTyuep;
5 - naipy60K noAanu TOn/iuBa;
6 - BnycKHOPi Tpy60np0B0A; 7 -
TOn/inBHbiw Tpy60np0B0fl; 8 -
r/iaBHbiPi B03flyujHbiPi KaHa/i; 9 -
B03flyujHbiPi naTpy60K; 10 - ujTy-uep
jihhhh ynpaBJieHUH; 11- pe-ry/
iATOp flaB/ieHna TOn/iuBa; 12 -
ujTyuep jihhhh 06paTH0r0 c/iuBa;
13 - a/ieicrpuHeCKuPi pa3teM; 1 4 -
ABnraTe/ib; 15 - u,nnnHflp
CncTeMa noAann B03Ayxa coAepxMT B03AywHyK> 3ac/ioHKy, pa3-
MeiueHHyio b maBHOM B03AywH0M KaHane 8 c 06pa30BaHMeM a o a p o c -
ce/ibHoro n 3aflpocce/ibHoro npocTpaHCTBa, a s t h mk TeMnepaTypbi
B03Ayxa n pery/iflTop xo/iocToro xoAa (PXX). BnycKHOM Tpy60np0B0A
6 coo6u;eH nepe3 ujTyuep 10 v pe3MHOBbiM uj/iaHr c pacxoAOMepoM
B03Ayxa. 35Y CBA3aH nepe3 3/ieKTpnHecKyio uenb c noTeHunoMeTpoM
n AaTHMKOM TeMnepaTypbi B03Ayxa.
OTAe/ibHbie cJjopcyHKM 3 ocymecTB/iflioT noAany Ton/iMBa bo Bny-cKHbie
naTpy6KM 2 KaxAoro un/iMHApa. Ohm pacno/iaraiOTCfl b Kopny-ce
rOJlOBKM 6/lOKa UWIMHAPOB M OTJlMHaiOTCfl OTHOCMTe/lbHO BblCOKMM
conpoTMB/ieHneM o6motok (12-16 Om). McicmoHeHMe cocTaB/inioT
<J)opcyHKn flB C c Typ6oHaAAyBOM, MMeioii;Me conpoTMB/ieHne o6m ot-km
4 -5 Om. Ha HeKOTOpbix aBT0M06nnax HOBoro n0K0/ieHMfl Ton/iMBo
noAaKrr HenocpeACTBeHHO b KaMepy cropaHun (HenocpeACTBeHHbiM
BnpbiCK).
CTpyKTypHan cxeMa cucTeMbi pacnpeAe/ieHHoro BnpbicKa Ton/in-
Ba (puc. 1.6) coAepxMT BnycKHOM Tpy60np0B0A 6, Ton/iMBHyio paMny
5 c pery/iflTopoM 9 AaB/ieHun Ton/iMBa m ApocceJibHbm naTpy6oK 4 c
B03AyUJH0M 33C/10HK0M 3.
OcHOBHbiMM 3/ieMeHTaMM cucTeMbi pacnpeAeJieHHoro BnpbicKa
HBJlfllOTCfl pacxoAOMep 2 B03Ayxa, C006w,eHHblM c B03AyUJHblM CjjM/lb-tpom,
35Y n Ton/inBHbie 3M O 7, pa3Meu;eHHbie bo BnycKHOM KaHane
20. 35H 14 nepe3 Tpy60np0B0A HM3Koro AaB/ieHun 13 v ujTyuep 12
coo6meH c Ton/iMBHbiM 6aKOM 11, a nepe3 Tpy6onpoBOA 17 m ctw/ibTp
tohkom ohmctkm Ton/iMBa 18 coo6w,eH c Ton/iMBHOM paMnoM 5. Pery-
21

CucreMbi BnpbicKa 6eH3HHOBbix aBHrare/ieti
Puc. 1.6. CTpyKTypHaa cxeMa cucTeMbi pacnpeAe/ieHHoro BnpbicKa Ton/iMBa
1 - c n p H M /iH io m a H pemeTKa; 2 - p a c x o A O M e p B0 3 fly x a ; 3 - B0 3 fly iu H a s i 3 a -
c/iO H K a; 4 - flp o c c e /ib H b iP i n a T p y 6 oi<; 5 - T o n /in s H a a p a M n a ; 6 - BnycKHOM
T p y 6 0 n p 0 B0f l; 7 - cfio p cyH K a ; 8 - BaKyyMHbiPi uj/iaHr; 9 - p e ry /iH T O p A a s n e H U fl
T O n /iu B a ; 10 - c /ih b h o m T p y 6 0 n p 0 B0f l; 11 - TO nnnBHbiM 6 a<; 12 - Ton/iMBHbiPi
u jT y u e p ; 13 - T p y 6 0 n p 0 B0 f l HH3 K o ro fla B /ie H n a ; 14 - a/ie icrpM H e cK u P i T O ru in B -
HbiPi Hacoc; 15 - K /ieM N ta; 16 - a jie ic rp u H e c K U M np O B O fl; 17 - T p y 6 0 n p 0 B0 f l
B b icO K o ro fla e n e H U H , 18 - cfin/ibTp to h k o m o h u c tk m Tonnnea; 19 - Tpy6onpo-
BOfl nOflasM TOn/iMBa; 20 - BnycKHOPi KaHa/i; 21 - BnycKHOPi naTpy6o<
ziflT op AaBjieHM H T on/iM B a 9 n e p e 3 c /imbh o m Tpy60np0B0A 10 c o o 6 -
m eH c TormMBHbiM 6aKOM, a n e p e 3 BaKyyMHbiM w/iai-ir 8 c o o 6 w ,e H c
3aflP 0C C e/lbH blM npOCTpaHCTBOM.
C ncTeM a noA ann B03Ayxa coA epxM T B03AywHyio 3ac/ioH Ky 3,
pa3MeLueHHyio c 06pa30BaHMeM AOAPOCce/ibHoro m 3aflpocce/ibHoro
npocTpaHCTBa, pe3MCTop, asthmk TeMnepaTypbi B03Ayxa n PXX. 3EY
CBA3aH nepe3 a/ieKTpunecKne uenn c noTeHunoMeTpoM m AaTHMKOM
TeMnepaTypbi B03Ayxa.
5/ioKynpaB/ieHMf), ncnojib3yfl bxoahom CMman B03AywH0r0 noTO-Ka
n nacTOTy BpameHMfl KB ABnraTe/if), BbiHMCJiaeT no hum KO/iMHecT-bo
He06xc>AWM0r0 Ton/inBa ajih 06pa30BaHMfl onTMManbHoro cocTaBa
ropioneM CMecn. B AanbHeMiueM aneicrpuHecKMM cnoco6oM OTKpbiBa-
KDTCf) 3Mct> bo BnycKHbix KaHa/iax Ka>KAoro unnwHApa. 3BY kohtpo/im-pyeT
cnma^bi c^yHKUMOHa/ibHbix AaTHMKOB, yBe/innnBaeT win yMeHb-iuaeT
np0A0/i>KMTe/ibH0CTb OTKpbiTMf) 3Mct>, TeM caMbiM pery/inpy?)
KO/IMHeCTBO TOn/lMBa, nOABOAMMOTO AJ151 C03AaHMfl OnTMMa^bHOrO co-
CTaBa roptoneM CMecn.
22

rnaBa 1. KoHcrpyicrnBHbie vt OKCnjiyaraiiHOHHbie 0C06eHH0CTH
cucTeM BnpbicKa ronnuB a
B coBpeMeHHbix CMCTeMax Bee 6o/ibiuee pacnpocTpaHeHne no/iy-saeT
cxeMa HenocpeACTBeHHoro BnpbicKa 6eH3uHa b um/imhap ABnra-re/
iq, o6ecneHMBaKDii;afl pa6oiy p,BVra~rem Ha Hpe3BbinaMHO 6eAHOM
cMecn. Oo pc yH KM HenocpeACTBeHHoro BnpbicKa Ton/iHBa b umjimha-pbi
ABMraTe/ia OT/iMHaiOTCfl BbicoKMM pa6oHMM HanpqxeHneM s/ieicr-poMarHma
(100 B).
Ynpou;eHHaf) CTpyKTypHafl cxeMa 3BY, M3r0T0B.neHHafl Ha 6a3e
M M K p o n p o u e c c o p a c fju p M b i Siemens, n p u B e A e H a Ha p u c . 1 .7 . 3/ieicr-
P o h h n m 6 jio k y n p a B J ie H M fl o 6 e c n e H M B a e T ynpaB/ieHMe pa6oH M M M
n p o u e c c a M n cJjyHKUM O Ha/ibHbix 3 /ie M e H T O B n c u c T e M aBT0 M 0 6 n rm .
Puc. 1.7. CTpyKTypHaa cxeMa
3/ieK T p0H H 0r0 6/iOKa y n p a B /ie H n a
1 - 03y; 2 - nn3y; I - apmt>MeTU-K0-/
i0rnHecK0e ycTpofiCTBo; II -
n o p T «BBO fl/BbiBO fl»; III - LunHa;
IV - MUKponpoueccop
3 B Y coA epxM T apn<J)MeTMK0- /i0rMHecK0e ycTpoMCTBO I, nopT II
«BBOA/BblBOA» HH(J)OPMaUMM, MMKpOnpOLieCCOp (Mn) IV M yCTpOMCTBO
ynpaB/ieHM fi, o 6ecneHMBaKDii;ee c o r/ia c o B a H n e n KoopAM Hauwo p a 6o-
Tbi c o d a B H b ix nacTePi cucTeM bi, reH epaT op TaKTOBbix MMny/ibCOB n
4)opM npoBaTe/ib cn m a n o B . OyHKuwoHanbHbie KOMnoHeHTbi 3BY aneK-TpMHeCKM
COeAHHeHbl Me>KAy C060M nOCpeACTBOM CMCTeMHOM LDMHbl III.
M u K p o n p o u e c c o p IV n p e A C T a B /in e T c o 6 o P i M H T e rp a /ib H y io c x e -
M y, C M O H T n p o B a H H y io H a M M H u a T io pH oP i K p e M H u e B O M n /ia c T M H e Ha
o a h o m K p u c T a /i/ie 6 o J ib iu o M M H T e rp a/ib H O M c x e M b i (BMC). 0 6 " b e A n -
H e H n e 3 /ie M e H T O B Mn H a o a h o m K p u c T a /i/ie n o B b im a e T H a A e x H O C T b
n 6 b iC T p o A e M C T B n e e r o p a 6 o T b i. Mn n e p e 3 rn n H y A a H H b ix n a A p e c -
H yio LUMHy c o o 6 u ;e H c o n e p a T M B H b iM 3 a n o M M H a io ii;M M y c T p 0 M C T B 0 M
(03Y), n o cT O flH H b iM n p o rp a M M n p y e M b iM 3 a n o M M H a io ii;M M y c T p o M C T -
b o m (nn3Y) n 3 /ie K T p n M e c K M n p o rp a M M M p y e M b iM 3 a n o M M H a io ii;M M
yCTpOMCTBOM (3ri3Y).
A pucpM ernK O -nornH ecK oe ycrpotiC TBO npeAHa3HaneHO A-nsi 0 6 -
p a 6 o T K M M H c{)opM auM M n o n p o r p a M M e , 3 a n n c a H H O M b nn3Y, B b in o /i-
23

CMCTeMbi BnpbicKa 6eH3MHOBbix ABMrare/ieM
HeHMfl pacneTOB m KOMaHA ynpaB/ieHnq Mcno/iHMTe/ibHbiMM Mexa-
HM3MaMM, a Taioxe 3anoMMHaHMH npeAbiAymero pe>KMMa pa6 oTbi
ABnraTe/in.
fl/ia xpaHeHMH MH<})opMauMM 6 /iok ynpaBJieHun coAepxMT Tpn Tuna
BHyTpeHHeM naMHTM: 03Y 1, nn3Y 2 m 3n3Y.
OneparMBHoe aanoMiwaiomee ycTpoficTBo (03Y) npeflCTaBnqeT
C0 6 0 M Ha6 op 3/ieKTpOHHblX KOMnOHeHTOB B BMAe KOHAeHCaTOpOB M
TpurrepoB, pacno/ioxeHHbix Ha nenaTHOM n/iaTe 03Y. no Mepe Heo6 -
XOAMMOCTM Mn MOXeT BHOCMTb B Hero MHCj)OpMaUMKD M/IM CHMTblBaTb
ee, a Taioxe xpaHMTb m 0 6 H0 B/isrrb AaHHbie anropMTMa caM0 0 6 yHeHMfl.
03 Y coAepxMT onepaTMBHyKD MH<t>opMauMio, xapaicrepHyio Ana TeKy-w,
ero MOMeHTa BpeMeHM (nacTOTa BpameHMf) KB ABnraTe/in, TeMne-paTypa,
p,auneHve b BT, koaw olum6 ok, no/ioxeHMe APocce/ibHbix
3aC/10H0K).
riaMHTb 03Y npeAHa3HaneHa p/w BpeMeHHoro xpaHeHMfl pacneT-Hbix
napaMeTpoB nporpaMMbi ynpaB/ieHMa, aAanTauMOHHbix HacTpoeK
m koaob HencnpaBHOCTeM, 3acf)MKCMpoBaHHbix 3EY b npouecce pa6o-
Tbi. B MMKpocxeMax 03Y coAepxMTCH MH<})opMauMfl, M3MeHfieMaq b
npouecce pa6oTbi 3BY, m npoMexyTOHHbie AaHHbie, Heo6xoAMMbie
Ann pa6oTbi nporpaMMbi. 03Y xapaKTepn3yeTcn BbicoKoi/i CKopocTbio
3anncn M HTeHMfl MHCj)OpMaUMM. npn BblK/IIOHeHMM 3BY AaHHbie, xpa-
Hfliunecf) b 03Y, TepmoTca. 06teM 03Y 38bmcmt o t KO/innecTBa m Tuna
ncnorib3yeMbix MMKpocxeM.
3aKOHbi ynpaB/ieHMfl ABnraTe/ieM b 3BY c b o a h t b BMAe Ta6nnu
M/IM C^yHKUMOHa/lbHblX 3aBMCMMOCTeM. STa naMflTb AB/lfleTCf) 3HeprO-
3aBncnMOM m Tpe6yeT 6ecnepe6oMHoro nuTaHMH &nn ee coxpaHeHun,
npn OTK/iiOHeHMM nuTaHMq m/im naAeHMM HanpaxeHMH b ceTM HM>xe 6 B
coAepxamMeca b 03Y AMarHOCTMHeCKMe KOAbi HeMcnpaBHOCTeM,
pacneTHbie napaMeTpbi m AaHHbie caM006yHeHMH CTMpaiOTCfl.
riocTOfiHHOe n p o rp a M M u p y e M o e 3anoMMHatoiu,ee ycrpoficT B O
(nn3Y) coA epxM T o 6 m y io n p o rp a M M y ynpaB/ieHMH, o6ecnenM B aio-m
yio noc/ieAO BaTe/ibHoe Bbino/iHeHMe pa6onMX KOMaHA, m pa3/iMHHyio
Ka/iM6 p0 B0 HHyi0 MHcJjopMauMio. B naMATM nn3Y HaxoAflTcn MaTpMubi,
Ta6 /iMUbi, 3HaneHMf) nonpaBOHHbix K03ct)(t)MUMeHT0B, Heo6 xoAMMbie
Ana pacneTOB AnnTe/ibHOCTM ynpaB/iqioii;MX MMny/ibcoB 3Mcfc, Be/iM-HMHbi
ym a onepexeHMf) 3ax<MraHMfl m CTaHAapTHbie nporpaMMbi, 3a-nMcaHHbie
b MMKpocxeMy naMsmi Ha 3aB0Ae-M3r0T0BMTe/ie. riaMHTb
nn 3 Y n03B0/lfleT TO/lbKO CHMTblBaTb XpaHflW,MeCH B HeM ASHHbie M flB-
/meTCfl 3Hepr0He3aBMCMM0M. MHc^opMauMa b Hei/i 3anMcaHa c{)M3MHe-
CKMM MeTOAOM (npO>KMraHMeM) MMKpOCXeMbl npM M3TOTOB/ieHMM 3BY
24

O rasa 1. KoHcrpyKTMBHbie h aKcnnyaraixnOHHue 0C06eHH0CTU
CMCreM BnpbicKa ronnuBa
h He MOxeT 6biTb M3MeHeHa b 3Kcn/iyaTauMM, coxpaHfleTca npn Bbi-
K/iiOHeHMM 6/iOKa ynpaB/ieHMfl.
nn3y Bbi6MpaiOT MHAHBMAya/ibHO b 3aBMCMMOCTM ot KOMn/ieKTa-u,
mm aBT0M06nna. ripn ee 3aMeHe BaxHO npaBM/ibHO ycTaHOBMTb mo-
Ae/ib m KOMrvieKTauwo aBT0M06n/if). ripn 3aMeHe HencnpaBHoro 3EY
He06x0AMM0 ocTaB/iflTb npexHee nn3Y.
naMHTb 3EY cnoco6Ha 3anncaTb 8 6mt m/im 1 6awx. CoBpeMeH-Hbiti
3BY CHa6>KeH cneu,Ma/iM3MpoBaHHbiM 16-pa3paAHbiM Mn. B nep-cneKTMBe
mnpoKoe pacnpocTpaHeHne no/iynaT 3BY HOBoro nora/ie-h
h h , BbinoJiHeHHbie Ha 6a3e 32-pa3pfiAHoro MMKponpoueccopa.
n p o r p a M M a 3BY B 03M 0>K H bix p e x M M O B m ycn o B M M p a 6 o T b i A B n r a -
rena 3 a n n c a H a b aneMKe M M K p o c x e M b i riaMHTM n n 3 Y m n o 3 B o n a e T
TO/lbKO CHMTblBaTb MH({)OpMaUMIO. nn3Y yC T aH aB /lM B aiO T Ha O T A e /lb -
hom n a H e /in rm a T b i 3BY m n p n S K C rm yaTauM M OHa M o x e T 6 b iT b M 3 B /ie -
'ieHa M3 3BY m 3aMeHeHa ApyroM.
n n 3 Y HaxoAHTCf) b OTAe/ibHOM 6noi<e b 3anoMMHaioii;eM ycTpoM-CTBe
Ka/in6p0B0K, pacno/ioxeHHOM BHyrpn 3BY noA ero KpbiLDKOM.
nn3Y 3aMeTHO ycTynaeT 03Y n o ra6apnTaM m cmkoctm. fl/m nepe-riporpaMMnpoBaHMfl
3BY Heo6xoAMMa nporpaMMa-3arpy3HMK, aAan-rep
« K - L in e » m nepcoHa/ibHbiM KOMnbiOTep. npoueccop npomnBaiOT Ha
3aB0Ae-M3r0T0BMTe/ie, oh MOxeT MMeTb pa3Hbie BepcMM nporpaMM.
ycrpoiicTBO KanuQpoBOK coAepxMT MHcJ)opMaumo o Macce aBTO-mo6m/
ih, ABnraTene, TpaHCMMcCMM, r/iaBHOM nepeAane m HeraTopbie
APyrne AaHHbie. 3BY 6e3 3anoMMHaioii;erocf) ycTpoMCTBa MoxeT npn-
MeHHTbCH Ha HeKOTOpbix aBT0M06n/iflx. 3anoMMHaioii;ee ycTp0MCTB0
Ka^n6p0B0K npnMeHfiiOT MHAMBMAya/ibHO Kax<Aoro aBT0M06M/m.
npn 3aMeHe 3BY 3anoMMHaiomee ycTpoMCTBo Ka/iM6p0B0K ao/dkho
ocTaBaTbcn Ha aBT0M06M/ie. riaMHTb n n 3 Y He MoxeT 6biTb M3MeHeHa
i/i/in yAa/ieHa noc/ie ee ycTaHOBKM. noAo6Haa naMATb He Hy>KAaeTCf) b
MCTOHHMKe nMT3HMM AJ1H COXpaHeHMfl 3anMCaHHOM B HeM MHCj)OpMa-umm,
KOTopan He CTnpaeTCf) npn OTK/iiOHeHMM mctohhmio nMTaHMfl.
SneKTpwnecm nporpaMMupyeMoe 3anoMMHatoiu,ee ycrpoiicTBO
(3n3Y) npeACTaBJiaeT co6om a/ieicrpMHecKM nporpaMMnpyeMoe 3a-i
lOMMHaiomee ycTpoMCTBo, 3HeproHe3aBMCMMaa riaMATb KOToporo
coAepxMT nacnopTHbie AaHHbie 6/iOKa ynpaB/ieHMf). Yctpomctbo Bbi-i
lo/iHeHo b BMAe MMKpocxeMbi naMATM, b KOTopyio 3ariMcaHa mhc{)OP-Mau,
Mfl o TMne annapaTypbi KOMnbiOTepa m ero HacTpoi/iKe. 3 n 3 Y mc-no^
b3yioT BpeMeHHOTO xpaHeHMfl KOAOB-napo/ieM np0TMB0yr0H-iioPi
CMCTeMbi aBT0M06M/ifl (MMMo6M/iM3aTopa). KoAbi-napo/iM cpaB-iiMBaiOTCfl
c AaHHbiMM, xpaHMMbiMM b 3 ll3 y , m npM 3tom pa3peujaeTC?)
25

CucreMbi BnpbicKa 6eH3HHOBbix /xBnrareneH
m/im 3 a npeLnaeT C ?) n y c K A B M ra T e /ifl. riaMATb 3 n 3 Y npM xe/iaHMM B c e -
r f l a m o x h o nepe3ariMcaTb. Y c t p o m c t b o H e Tpe6yeT 3/ieKTpMnecKoro
riMTaHM?) A /in xpaHeHMfl MHcJ)opMauMM, T.e. npM o tk /ik d h b h m m 3 E Y o t
MCTOHHMKa riM TaHM fl 3 a n M c a H H b ie 3 H aneH M fl B b iiu e y K a 3 a H H b ix napa-
MeTpOB He M3MeHf)KDTCf).
CucreMHaa uiMHa npeACTaB/iaeT co6om coBOKynHOCTb 3/ieKTpM-HeCKMX
npOBOAOB, 06beflMHeHHblX no pa3/lMHHblM npM3HaK3M. OHa
coAepxMT cJjyHKUMOHa/ibHbie LiiMHbi AaHHbix, aApeca m ynpaB/ieHMfl,
o6ecneHMBaKDu;Me 3cJ)cJ)eKTMBHyio pa6oiy 6/iOKa ynpaB/ieHMn.
lilMHa AaHHbix o6ecneHMBaeT o6MeH MHcJ)0pMauM0HHbiMM MaTe-pMa/
iaMM. 3EY nepe3 uiMHy AaHHbix co6MpaeT MHcfjopMauMio coctoh-
HMfl ABMraTera OT Cj)yHKUMOHa/lbHblX AaTHMKOB, nOAK/llOHeHHblX K 3EY
c noMombio x ry ra ynpaB/ieHMfl. UlMHa aApeca o6ecnenMBaeT nepe-
Aany aApeca aneMKM naMSTM mj im yCTpoMCTBa «BBOAa/BbiBOAa», uiMHa
ynpaB/ieHMf) - nepeAany CMma/ioB ynpaB/ieHMf) An?) pa6oTbi CMCTeMbi.
06w,afl uiMHa, o6beAHHmoma?) Tpu c^yHKUMOHa/ibHbie muHbi, Ha3biBa-eTCf)
CMCTeMHOM.
LLlMHa flaHHbix HaM6o/iee pacnpocTpaHeHHbix M il coAepxMT 8
npOBOAOB, uiMHa aApeca - 16, a uiMHa ynpaB/ieHMfl - 5 npOBOAOB.
Taraa apxMTeicrypa n03B0/iqeT HapamMBaTb pa3/iMHHbie nepMcJjepMM-Hbie
yCTpoMCTBa m noAK/nonaTb mx k 3BY. UlMHa ynpaB/ieHMfl Bbino/i-
HeHa 0AH0np0B0AH0M, a uiMHa aApeca ziMiub nepeAaeT CMma/ibi Mn m
Bbino/iHeHa AByHanpaB/ieHHOM.
Pa3pf)AHOCTb LilMHbl A3HHblX HB/lfleTCH HaM60/iee BaXHbIM CBOMCT-bom
M n . EbiCTpoAeMCTBMe 3BY yBe/iMHMBaeTCf) c poctom pa3pnAHO-ctm
M n , npeACTaB/ifliomeM co6om hmc/io OAHOBpeMeHHO o6pa6aTbi-
B a e M b ix 6mtob, T.e. K o /iM n e c T B o ABOMHHbix pa3p?)AOB b perMCTpax
npoueccopa.
r i o p r « B B O A /B b iB O A » o 6 e c n e H M B a e T n p M e M M Hc{)opM auM M o t
ctjyH K U M O H a/ibH bix AaTHMKOB m n e p e A a n y e e Ha M c n o /iH M T e /ib H b ie
yC TpoM C TB a. M n CMMTbiBaeT o 6 p a 6 o T a H H y io M H cJjopM auM io n o 3 a n p o -
c a M M e p e 3 uiM H y. n o /iy H M B M e p e 3 yCTpoM CTBO « B B O A /B b iB O A » H e o 6 x o -
A H M y io M H cJjopM auM io o t AaTHMKOB, y c T a H O B /ie H H b ix Ha A B M ra T e /ie m
x a p a K T e p M 3 y io ii;M X p a 6 oHMM e r o pe>KMM, M n o n p a iu M B a e T b n n 3 Y
C B eA eH M fl, c o o T B e T C T B y io ii;M e 0 n T M M a /ib H 0 M y p e x M M y p a 6 o T b i.
BbixoAHOM cMrHa/i AaTHMKOB napaMeTpMHecKoro TMna (noTeHUMo-
MeTpMHeCKMX, pe3MCTOpHblX) B 3HaHMTe/lbHOM CTeneHM 33BMCMT OT
CTa6M/ibHOCTM HanpfixeHMfl nMTaHMH. Ko/ie6aHMfl HanpaxeHMfl nMTa-
HMfl Bbl3blBaiOT M3MeHeHMf) Be/lMHMHbl BblXOAHOTO CMma/ia, Ha KOTO-pbie
3BY 6yAeT pearMpoBaTb nonbiTKoi/i M3MeHMTb pexMM pa6oTbi
26

rnaaa 1. KoHcrpyKTHBHbie u sKCnjiyaraixnoHHue 0C06eHH0CTH
_________________ cucTeM BnpbicKa TOrwviBa__________________
ABnraTe/if). nmanwe AaTHMKOB napaMeTpunecKoro Tuna ocymecTB/i?)-
OTCfl 3Ta/10HHblM (CTa6MJ1M3MpOBaHHblM) HanpflXeHMeM nOCTOflHHOrO,
n3BecTHoro 35Y, ypoBHf) - 06biHH0 5 B.
CMCTeMa ynpaBneHm 9BY MMeeT BCTpoeHHyio AnamocTMHecKyio
((jyHKumo m npeAynpexAaeT BOAHTe/ia o B03M0XHbix oiiin6Kax b c mc -
ieMe ynpaBJieHMfl ABnraTe/ieM. 3Ty MHctJopMauMio mo x h o nponecTb
Liepe3 AnarHOCTMHecKMM pa3teM m/im no CBeTy ziaMnbi. Ee ncno/ib3y-
IOT B OCHOBHOM AH?) aHa/lM3a M BpeMeHHOTO XpaHeHMfl 3HaHeHMM npa-
MeipoB, npMMeHfleMbix b pacneTax.
B 03Y Cj)MKCMpyKDTCf) KOAbl HeMCnpaBHOCTeM, B03HMKaKDLAMe B
npouecce pa6oTbi CMCTeMbi. CoAepxaHMe 03Y MoxeT 6biTb nepe3a-iiMcaHO,
a b c/iynae c6poca nMTaHM?) c 35Y MHcJjopMauufi TepaeTCH.
KaJiM6p0B0HHa?) MHc{)opMauMf) (Ka/in6poBKa) npeACTaBjineT co-
6om onTMMajibHbie napaMeTpbi ynpaB/ieHMf) CMCTeMaMM BnpbicKa, 3a-
^MraHMfl, pexMMOM XX.
35Y HenpepbiBHO o6pa6aTbiBaeT MHcJ)opMauMio o t pa3/iMHHbix
AaTHMKOB M ynpaBJlfleT BblXOAHbIMM UenflMM (})OpCyHOK, CMCTeMbi 3/ieK-ipoHHoro
3a>KMraHMf), pery/ifrropa XX m pa3/iMHHbiMM pe/ie. Oh o6pa-
OaTbiBaeT nojiyneHHyio MHcJjopMauMio b cootb6tctbmm c 3a/i0>KeHH0M
nporpaMMOM m o6ecneHMBaeT ynpaB/ieHMe ncno/iHMTe/ibHbiMM Mexa-
HM3M3MM CMCTeMbi B OnTMMa/lbHOM pe>KMMe pa60Tbl ABMraTe/lfl.
OyHKuMOHa/ibHaf) cxeMa MMKponpoueccopHOM CMCTeMbi ynpaB-
;ieHM9 ABMraTe/ieM (pmc. 1.8) coAepxMT cJjyHKUMOHa/ibHbifi 6/iok
nueiiiHMX AaTHMKOB I, ycTp0MCTB0 conpflxeHMfi ALin II, Mn V, nopT
■<BBOA/BblBOA» M MCnOJIHMTe/lbHbie MeX3HM3Mbl IX, coeAMHeHHbie
Me>KAy co6om c noMoiAbio 3/ieKTpnHecKOM uenM (iiiMHbi). Mn V npefl-craB/
meT co6om ueHTpa/ibHoe yCTp0MCTB0 ynpaB/ieHMfl cmctcmom nM-iaHMfl
no onpeAe/ieHHbiM nporpaMMaM, 3a/io>KeHHbiM b Hero npM M3-
10T0B/ieHMM. Oh coAepxMT Kopnyc, nenaTHyio n/iaTy (MHTerparibHyio
cxeMy) c pa3Mem,eHHbiMM Ha Heti MMKpocxeMaMM, onepaTMBHoe 3a-noMMHaioii;
ee YCTPOMCTBO VII, nn3Y VIII m 3/ieKTpMnecKM nporpaMMM-pyeMoe
3an0MMHai0LAee ycTp0MCTB0 (3n3Y), 3aKpbiTbie KpbiiiiKOM c
MOMOtMblO AByX BMHTOB.
H H T e r p a / ib H a f i cxeMa 35Y n p e A C T a B /ia e T c o 6 o m MMHuaTiopHoe
ycTpoMCTBO, coAepxaiuee Ha6op pe3MCTopoB, amoaob m TpaH3MCTO-P
o b , hmcjio K O T O p b ix n p e B b iw a e T H e c K O /ib K O T b ic flH . M M K p o n p o u e c c o p
ocyiuecTB/ineT o6pa6oTKy M H c {)o p M a u M M n o 3 a n p o c a M nepe3 <£yH K -
n,noHa/ibHyio ujMHy.
Oc h o bo m CMCTeMbi ynpaB/ieHMa ABMraTe/ifl nB/ineTCf) npoueccop
c pa6oneM nacTOTOM 41 MTu. Ha s t o m xe nnaie HaxoAHTCf) cepMMHbiM
27

CucTeMbi Bnpbicica 6eH3MHOBbix /jBnrare/ieit
HHTep4)eMC 03Y VII m n n 3 y VIII. AonojiHMTe/ibHbiM 6/iok naMATM co-ctomt
M3 0 3 y XIV n n n 3 y XV. B/iok MHTepcbei/ica BicniOHaeT Ancn/ieM
Mn nepe3 BbixoAHyio CTyneHb IX v ynpaB/iaeT BbixoAHbiMM uennMn
4)opcyHKM, cucTeMbi 3/ieKTpoHHoro 3axnraHMfl, pery/if)Topa XX v pa3-
jinMHbiMM pe/ie nyTeM ynpaB/ieHMH uenbio 3a3eM/ieHMn nepe3 HaxoA^-
lAMeCf) B HeM TpaH3MCTOpbl.
flucKpeTHbie cuma/ibi 6/ioKa BHeiiiHnx AaTHMKOB 1-6 nociynaiOT
Ha ycTpoficTBO cJjopMnpoBaHMf) MMny/ibcoB v conpqxeHMfl II m npeo6-
pa3yiOTCfl b uncJ)poBbie cuma/ibi. 3aTeM ohm no rnuHe AaHHbix nepe3
nopTbi «BBOA/BbiBOA» nociynaiOT HenocpeACTBeHHO b Mn V.
AHanoroBbie cuma/ibi 7-14 nociynaiOT Ha ALin, npeo6pa3yiOTCfl
b unc|)poByio <$>opMy n nociynaiOT b Mn. Cuma/i asthmkb XVII nacTOTbi
BpameHM?) KB AsuraTe/if) npeo6pa3yeTca b MHTerpa/ibHOM cxeMe
4)opMnpoBaTe/if) MMny/ibcoB XVI v noAaeTC?) b Mn V. 3 to t cw>ian mc-no/
ib3yeTCfl An?) 3anycKa pe/ie 23 3BH nepe3 BbixoAHyio CTyneHb XIII.
no/iyneHHaf) MHcJjopMaunfl xpaHMTca b 03Y MMKponpoueccopa co
BCTpoeHHbiM n n3 y, a ec/in naMfiTM HeAOCTaTOHHo, to OHa MoxeT xpa-
HMTbCH BO BHeiilHeM n n3 y. npM BblK/IIOHeHMH 3aXMraHMfl BCfl MHCj)Op-
Maunf), xpaHf)ii;af)Cf) b 03 y, TepneTCfl.
• ----------------------------- ►
Pmc . 1.8. 0yHKunoHanbHaa cxeMa cucTeMbi ynpaB/ieHMH flBC
I - 6/lOK BHeLUHHX flaTHUKOB AUCKpeTHblX CUma/lOB; II - BXOflHOM 4>OpMHpOBa-
Te/ib (yCTp0MCTB0 conpaxeHUfl) AU,n; III - CTa6n/in3aTOp HanpaxeHUH; IV -
apm^MeTusecKOe norusecKoe ycTpOMCTBO; V - Mil; VI - ALUT, VII - 0 3 y; VIII -
n n3 y; IX - BbixOflHaa CTyneHb (KacKafl ycwieHUH) cf>yHKu,noHanbHbix cucTeM
flBC; X - BbixoflHaa uenb ncno/iHHTe/ibHbix MexaHM3MOB; XI - ncno/iHHTe/ib-
Hbie MexaHH3Mbi; XII - fluarHOCTnneCKuPi pa3teM ; XIII - BbixOflHan CTyneHb
(Kacrafl ycn/ieHna) 4>yHKuuOHa/ibHbix cucTeM flBC; XIV - BHeujHee 0 3 y; XV -
BHeuJHee I"in3y; XVI - cfiopMnpoeaTenb HMnynbCoe; XVII - flaTHUK sacTOTbi
BpameHna KB; XVIII - cornacyiomee yCTpOMCTBO AUJT, XIX - yCTpOMCTBO AaTHMKOB
aHa/ioroBbix cuma/iOB; 1 - flaTHUK cucTeMbi 3a>KMraHMH; 2 - flaTHUK
nonoxeHnsi pacnpeflennTenbHoro Ba/ia; 3 - flar-inK ckopoctu; 4 - flaTMHK cry-neHM
kopo6kh nepeflas (Kfl); 5 - flaTHMK pei4MpKy/ifli4nn; 6 - flaTHUK kohahum-
OHepa; 7 - Aar-MK TeMnepaTypbi ox/iaxflaiomePi >khakoctm; 8 - flaTHUK fleTO-Haunn;
9 - flaTHUK TeMnepaTypbi BcacbiBaeMoro B03flyxa; 1 0 - flaTHMK aflcop-
6epa; 11 - flaTHUKno/ioxeHnnflpocce/ibHOii3ac/i0HKn; 12-X -30ha; 7 3 -fla T -
hhk Macc0B0r0 pacxofla B03flyxa; 14 - HanpaxeHne 6aTapen; 15 - hctohhhk
nmaHUfl; 1 6 - 4>opcyHKn; 1 7 - MapujpyTHbifi KOMnbiOTep; 18 - 3/ieKTpnsecKMM
6eH30Hacoc; 19 - HarpeBaTe/ib flaTHUKa Kuc/iopofla; 20 - pery/iflTOp cucTeMbi
xo/iocToro xofla; 21 - BeHTH/iHTOp cucTeMbi ox/ia>KfleHHfl; 22 - MOfly/ib cucTe-
Mbi 3a>KnraHna; 23 - pe/ie 3/ieKTpnsecKOro 6eH3HH0B0ro Hacoca (3BH); 24 -
r/iaBHoe pe/ie; 25 - K/ianaH npoflyBKn aflcop6epa; 26 - KOMnpeccop kohah-
UMOHepa; 27 - CMma/ibHan ziaMna
28

r naaa 1. KOHCTpyKTUBHbie u OKcnjiyaraiiMOHHbie 0C06eHH0CTU
cvicreM BnpbicKa ron/iuBa__________________
A H a/ioroB bie c u m a /ib i AaTHMKOB ctw/ibTpyiOTCfl o t Ay6/inpoBaHMf)
nepeA npe06pa30B aH neM mx b uncfjpoBbie KOflbi. EflMHCTBeHHbiM mck-fiKDseHneM
aB/ineTCf) uenb ynpaB /ieH un p e /ie cucTeM bi nuTaHMfi. OHa
wB/iaeTCH eflMHCTBeHHOM u e n b io , b kotopom 3Ey yn p a B ra e T H a n p a x e -
nneM 12 B, noAaBaeMbiM Ha KaTyiiiKy p e /ie . Bu b o a 3a3eM/ieHMfl Ka-lyiuKM
p e /ie CMCTeMbi nw T a n m coeflMHeH c «MaccoPi» A B nraTe/ifi.
Mctohhmk HanpflxeHMf) 15 nepe3 BHyTpeHHMM CTa6miM3aTop Ha-npflxeHMfi
III c BbixoAHbiM HanpaxeHneM 5 B o6ecneHMBaeT nuTaHwe
MMKponpoueccopa, MMKpocxeM 03Y, bxoahhx ctjopMnpoBaTe/ieti, ALin
M aKTMBHbIX AaTHMKOB (a6CO/lKDTHOrO AaB/ieHMfl, paCXOAa B03Ayxa MJ1M
AaBJieHMf) b BT, no/ioxeHun APOCce/ibHOM 3acjiOHKM). 3/ieKTpoHHbiM
finOK CHa6>KeH AByMH CTa6miM3aTopaMM HanpqxeHMHMM - 5 n 8 B.
29

CMCTeMbi BnpbicKa 6 eH3 HHOBbix f lB n ra re n e ii
BHeiuHflf) naMHTb pacno/iaraeTcq Ha MamnTHbix vnv onTnnecKnx
AMCKax. 3anncb m CHMTbiBaHne MHctJopMaunn npn pa6oTe c BHeuiHeM
naMATbKD nponcxoAMT MeflJieHHee no cpaBHeHMio c 03Y . BHeuiHflfl
naMATb MMeeT 6oJibiuoM o6teM m coAepxaHne ee He M3MeHaeTCH npn
BbiK/iKDHeHMM 3EY. nocne cJjopMnpoBaHMfi ynpaB/iaiomMx curHa/ioB c
Heo6xoAMMbiMM napaMeTpaMn o h m nociynaiOT Ha BbixoAHbie kjiiohm
(ApaMBepbi) AJ13 ycn/ieHMfl no TOKy m a ^ ynpaBJieHun ncno/iHMTe/ib-
HblMM 3/ieMeHTaMM.
Hnn «3/iKap» BbinycKaeT cneuna/ibHbie Bepcnn 6/ioKa ynpaB/ieHMf)
209.3763 m x r y r npOBOAOB CMCTeMbi Ana ABnraTe/if) 3M 3-4063.10,
n03B0/if)KDu;Me nepeicmoHaTb nporpaMMy ynpaB/ieHMfl 3a>KnraHneM
npn pa6oTe Ha 6eH3MHe m/im o k m x b h h o m HecJ)TS)HOM ra3e.
ripn BK/iiOHeHMM 3a>KMraHMH 3BY BK/iiOHaeT r/iaBHoe pene m 3a-
AepxMBaeT ero BbiK/iiOHeHMe Ha BpeMfl okojio 8 c, Heo6xoAMMoe Ana
noAroTOBKM k cneAyioii;eMy BK/iiOHeHwo (3aBepiueHMe BbiHMC/ieHMM,
yCTaHOBKa P X X b nonoxeHMe, cooTBeTCTByiomee 3anycKy ABMraTe/in).
35Y o6ecneHMBaeT c{)opMMpoBaHMe MOMeHTa noAanM m AJiMTe/ibHO-ctm
MMny/ibca a/ieicrpMHecKoro TOKa ajih pa6oTbi 3M O m KaTyweK 3a-
XMraHM?), ynpaB/ieHMe pa60T0m pery/m opa A06aB0HH0r0 B03Ayxa,
BK/iKDHeHMe 35H nepe3 pene ynpaB/ieHM?) pa60T0m ABMraTe/ia b pe-
3epBH0M pe>KMMe npM BbixoAe m3 CTpoa OTAe/ibHbix aneMeHTOB cmc-
TeMbi, K0HTp0/ib m caMOAMamocTMpoBaHMe HencnpaBHOCTefi cucTe-
Mbl, nO/iynaeT nOCTOHHHO MH({)OpMaUMIO OT pa3/lMHHblX AaTHMKOB M
ynpaB/iaeT Mcno/iHMTe/ibHbiMM MexaHM3MaMM, o6ecneHMBaa onTM-Ma/
ibHyio pa6oTy ABMraTe/in.
3/ieKTpoHHbie K0Mn0HeHTbi ueHTpa/ibHoro ynpaB/iaiomero
yCTpoMCTBa MOHTMpyKDT Ha nenaTHOM n/iaTe, a pa6oTaK)u;Me noA Ha-rpy3KOM
3/ieMeHTbi KpennT HenocpeACTBeHHO k MeTawiMHecKMM a/ie-
MeHTaM Kopnyca Ana y/iyniueHMfl OTBOAa Ten/iOTbi.
5/iok ynpaB/ieHMH BbixoAHbiMM uenflMM 3Mcfc, cucTeMbi a/ieicrpoH-Horo
3axnraHMfl, PXX m pa3JiMHHbiMM pe/ie o6ecneHMBaeT 3aMbiKaHMe
m x uenei?i c «MaccoM» nepe3 BbixoAHbie TpaH3MCTOpbi. Oh MMeeT Bbi-boa
Ana noAK/iKDneHMf) uiTaTHOro TaxoMeTpa. HacTOTa MMny/ibCOB Ha
3tom BbiBOAe npn pa6oTe ABMraTe/iq C00TBeTCTByeT nacTOTe MCKpo-
06pa30BaHMfl Ha AByx KaTyiiiKax 3axMraHMH.
CoBpeMeHHbie 3 B Y ppn noMCKa onTMMa/ibHbix napaMeTpoB mc-no/
ib3yiOT cneuna/ibHbie MaTeMaTMnecKMe MeTOAbi pemeHMf) b yc/id-
BMflx HeonpeAe/ieHHOCTM. 3 B Y pa6oTaeT no a/iropMTMy Hei?ipoHHbix
ceTei?i. Bo/ibiiiMHCTBO coBpeMeHHbix 3 B Y ncno/ib3yiOT Taxxe a/iro-
PMTM HeneTKMX MHOXeCTB A ™ npMHSTMf) OnTMMa^bHOrO peweHMfl M
30

r n a s a 1 . KoH crp y icrH BH b ie m aKcnjiyaraiiMOHHbie 0 C0 6 eHH0 C Tn
c u c T eM BnpbicKa ron/iHBa
o6yHeHMH 3 E Y orvmMaribHOMy ynpaB/ieHm o. B bi6op cxeMbi onTMMa/ib-h
o t o ynpaB /ieH na 6a3M pyeTca Ha MeTOflax 6awec0BCK0M CTaTMCTMKM.
B c0BpeMeHH0M 3 E Y OT/iaflKM a /iro p n T M a ncno/ib3yiO T cucTeM y
MATLAB.
C ncTeM a caMOflMamocTMKM 6/ioK a npeflHa3HaneHa p jn Henpe-pblBHOM
CaMOflMarHOCTMKM BXOflHbIX M BblXOflHbIX UeneM, a TaiOKe He-
KOTopbix c^hkumm BHyTpeHHero COCTOHHMH 35Y.
B/iok ynpaB/ieHna c o fle p x m BCTpoeHHyio CMCTeMy caMOflnarHO-ctmkm,
onpefle/iaiomyio Ha/innne m xapaicrep pa6onnx HencnpaBHO-CTeM
M CMrHa/lM3MpyiOmyiO 0 HMX BOflMTeJllO BKJIIOHeHMeM KOHTpOJlb-hom
ziaMnbi «Check Engine». 35Y cHa6>KeH aBapnMHbiMM pe>KMMaMM,
o6ecneHMBaiomMMM 6/iM3Kyio k H0pMa.ribH0M pa6oiy aBT0M06MJiH npn
Rcex HencnpaBHoCTax. CncTeMa BCTpoeHHOM AMamocTMKM OTBenaeT
3a aBTOMaTnnecKoe noflflepxaHne pe3epBHbix pexnMOB pa6oTbi p jin
3Kcn/iyaTaunM aBT0M06MJiH npn Ha/inn mm HeMcnpaBHOCTeM. B npouecce
pa6oTbi flBMraTe/ia a/ieKTpoHHaa CMCTeMa ynpaB/ieHMH flBMra-leneM
(3C Y fl) CMHXpOHM3MpyeT MOMeHT 3a>KMraHM51 C MOMeHTOM M
;uiMTe/ibHOCTbio noflanM Ton/iMBa (BnpbicKMBaHMa). B coBpeMem-ibix
3BY ocymecTB/ieHMe c^hkumm caMOflMarHocTMKM 3aHMMaeT 50% pe-cypca
M n. B 6/iMxaMUjee BpeMH co3flaHMe 35Y HOBoro noKo/ieHMH
i)03M0>KH0 Ha 6a3e 32-pa3paflHoro Mn.
nepBOHana/ibHO CMCTeMa caMOflMarHocTMKM, pa3pa6oTaHHaa
(fiMpMOM Bendix, 6bi/ia ycTaHOB/ieHa b 1981 r. Ha aBT0M06M/ie 4)MpMbi
Cadillac. 3aTeM, b 1982 r., noaBM/iacb HOBaa CMCTeMa «KE-Jetronic»,
mcniOHaiomaa ^.-30Hfl m flM P B . B 1987 r. coKpameHMH np0M3B0fl-cTBeHHbix
M3flep>KeK BBefleHa CMCTeMa 0flH0T0HeHH0r0 BnpbicKMBa-nuq
fl/in He6o/ibiLiMx aBT0M06M/ieM. OHa npeflCTaBJiaeT co6om o6xofl-nyK)
nporpaMMy HeujTaTHOM pa6oTbi flBMraTe/ia.
B o /ibujM H C T B O c o B p e M e H H b ix CMCTeM a /ie ic rp o H H o r o y n p a B /ie H M H
;iB T 0M 06M /ieM o 6 / ia fla io T c^yHKUMew c a M O flM a m o c T M K M , o 6 e c n e H M B a -
lOLLieM nOCTOHHHblfl KOHTPO/Ib COCTOHHMH flaTHM KOB, M C nO /lH M Te/lbH blX
y c T p o P icT B m y n p a B /iH io m M x u e n e M . B n p o u e c c e p a 6 o T b i 3 B Y n o c T O -
v ih h o o n p a u jM B a e T B e e flaTHMKM m M c n o /iH M T e /ib H b ie yC T poM C T B a c m c -
le M b i. B c /iy n a e b o 3 h m k h o b 6 h m h H e M c n p a B H o c T e w b jiio 6 o m m3 k o h t -
p o n M p y io m M x CMCTeM 3 B Y 3 3 h o c m t b c b o io naM H T b KO fl H e M c n p a B H o -
c m , n o K 0 T 0 p 0 M y m o>kho o n p e fle /iM T b H e M c n p a B H y io u e n b m/im
YCTPOMCTBO. KOfl HeM CnpaBHOCTM MO>KeT COCTOHTb M3 HeCKO/lbKMX
UM(J)p - O T flB y X flO nHTM. ,0/IH M3BJieHeHMH KOflOB M3 n3M51TM 3 B Y n p M -
m o h a io t p a 3 /iM H H b ie c n o c o 6 b i, 3 a B M c a m M e O T T M n a CMCTeMbi m rofla ee
iii.in y c K a .
31

C u c T e M b i B n p b ic K a 6 e H 3H H O B b ix M B n ra re / ie f i
K o flb i 6 b iB a io T 6 b iC T p b ie m M e A /ie H H b ie . M e A /ie H H b ie , m/ i m M u r a io -
LUMe, K O flbl MO>KHO M 3B /ie H b C nOMOLUbK) M M raKJUjeM JiaM nO H K M , p a c -
n0/i0>xeHH0M Ha nepeAHeii naHenM, m / im K0HTp0/ibH0M ziaMnoHKM
(c B e T O flM O fla ), noflKJiiO HeHHO M k A M a m o cT M H ecK M M m e 3 A a M 3 5 Y .
B c e M stmm CHa6>KeHa BCTpoeHHaa CMCTeMa caMOAMamocTMKM HeMc-npaBHocTeM.
H e K O T o p b ie 3 E Y c o A e p x o T A s a TMna k o a o b . O AHaKO
T eH A eH U M a TaKO Ba, h t o b 6 y A y m e M p a c n p o c T p a H e H M e n o /iy n a T r a r ib -
KO 6 b lC T p b ie KOAbl.
B noc/ieAHee BpeMH noaBM/iMCb CMCTeMbi, KOTOpbie He reHepMpy-
IOT UMCtjpOBOM KOAi a (JjOpMMpyiOT M XpaHHT B CBOeM naMHTM MHCt)OpMa-
Umio stmx HeMcnpaBHocTeM b MaujMHHbix KOAax. fln q o 6 Hapy>KeHMq m
MAeHTMCt)MKaUMM HeMCnpaBHOCTeM B T3KMX CMCTeMax He06x0AMM cne-
UMa/lbHblM CHMTblBaTe/lb KOAOB, Cn0C06HblM 0T06pa>KaTb Ha CBOeM
AMcn/iee co o 6 meHMfl o HeMcnpaBHocTsix b cn0 BecH0 M cJ^opMe. Oh
noAKJHonaeTcn k AnamocTMHecKMM m e 3AaM pa3beMa 3 5 Y m/im k cne-
UMa/ibHOMy AnarHOCTMnecKOMy pa3beMy.
Y A a /ie H M e k o a o b H e M c n p a B H o c T e M m3 naMsiTM 3 5 Y T p e 6 y e T c n e -
UM a/ibHOM n p o u e A y p b i o t npocToro BbiicniOHeHMH nMTaHMH 3 B Y m/im
n p M M e H e H M a cH M T b iB aT e /ia .
n p M oTK noH eH M M noK a33H M M / iio 6 o r o AaTHMKa o t n a p a M e T p o B , 3a -
/lo x e H H b ix b p a 6 o n y io n p o rp a M M y , s t o t a 3 th m k OTK/iiOHaeTCH m b k jik j-n
a e T c a o 6 x o A H a a n p o rp a M M a . K o r A a AaTH m k c T a H e T M c n p a B H b iM , t o
o 6 x o A H a q nporpaMMa c H M M a e T c a m A B M ra T e /ib p a 6 o T a e T liiT aT H O .
B icnioH eH M e o 6 x o a h o m n p o rp a M M b i c o n p o B O K A a e T c a B K /noneH M eM
z ia M n b i « C h e c k E n g in e » . n p M ycT pa H e H M M H eM cnpaB H O C TM z ia M n a r a c -
HeT. H H <J)opM auM q o H e M c n p a B H o c T M o c T a /ia c b b naMsiTM 3 5 Y m e e
m o> kho n p o n e c T b Ha n a H e /iM n p M 6 o p o B m/im b ca M O M 6 /iO K e .
9/ieMeHTHafi 6a3a AJ1V c o A e p x M T zio rM n e c K M e c x e M b i m 3 /ie M e H -
T bi, c y M M a T o p b i, T p M r re p b i m A P y rM e <£yH K U M O H a/ibH bie 3 /ie M e H T b i.
JlorM H ecK M M 3 /ie M e H T n p e A C T a B /ia e T c o 6 o m 3 /ie K T p o H H y io c x e M y , n o -
3B o /i5 n o u uyio p e a /iM 3 0 B a T b 3 /ie M e H T a p H y io n e p e ic n io H a io m y io c^yHKUMio.
J lo rM H e c K a a c x e M a n 0 3 B 0 /ia e T pea/iM30BbiBaTb c/io>K H yio c^yHKUM io a / i-r
e 6 p b i m /io tm k m , a T a K x e M O x e T BxoA M Tb b c o c T a B A P y r o r o < |)yH kum o-
H a /ib H o ro 6 /io K a Mn (TpMrrep, perMCTp, c y M M a r e p , AeujMcJjpaTop).
T p M r r e p npeACTaB/iaeT c o 6 o m sneKTpoHHyio cxeMy c AsyMH
yCTOMHMBbIMM COCTOflHMflMM, npeAHa3HaHeHHyHD onn 1 6MTa MH<}X)p-
M auM M . Oh nepexoAHT M3 O A H O m c o c to a h m s i b A P y r o e npM b o 3 a © m c t-bmm
HeKOToporo BxoAHoro CMma/ia. T p M r r e p MMeeT b x o a A /ih y c T a -
HOBKM B COCTOSIHMe «0» M /IM «1». TpMrrepbi C HeyCTOMHMBbIMM co-
CTOS1HMS1MM Ha3blBaHDT BM6paTOpaMM. C x e M a C OAHMM HeyCTOMHMBbIM
32

r n a e a 1. K o H c rp y K T H B H b ie n 3 K c n / iy a T a u n o H H b ie oco6enHocTn
cucreM B n p b ic K a To n / tn a a
GOCTOHHueM (Tpurrep UlMMflTa, GflH0Bn6paT0p) reHepupyeT MMny/ib-
CHbm cuma/i onpefle/ieHHoPi fl/iMTe/ibHocTM. CxeMa c a b y mh Hey-
GTOMHMBblMM COCTOHHMHMM Ha3blBaeTCfl My/lbTMBM6paTOpOM M npefl-
Ha3HaneHa reHepaunn noc/ieflOBaTe/ibHOCTM npaMoyro/ibHbix
curHa/ioB. My^bTMBn6paTop ncno/ib3yiOT b KanecTBe TaicroBoro reHep
a T o p a . B H H e t k a x M M K p o c x e M b i n a M H T M x p a H H T c a p a 3 /iM H H b ie M a T p n -
Ubi, Ta6/inubi, 3HaneHM5i n o n p a B O H H b ix Koactx^nuneHTOB, Heo6xofln-
Mbie M n pacneTa A/iMTe/ibHOCTM y n p a B /iq io m u x M M n y /ib c o B 3M<t>
m Be/iMHMHbi yr/ia onepexeHMfl 3a>KnraHnq.
P em crp npeACTaB/iaeT c o 6o m cxeMy fjn npneMa, xpaHeHMH m
nopeAann n-pa3pHAnoro 6/iOKa AaHHbix. PerncTpbi Mcno/ib3yioTCH
n;ia np0Me>xyT0HH0r0 xpaHeHMH, cAsura, npeo6pa30BaHMH m MHBep-c
mm AaHHbix m Bbino/iHqioTca Ha Tpurrepax m jiornnecKnx 3/ieMeHTax,
mx h mc j io m Tun onpeAe/iaioTCfi pa3p«AH0CTbi0 c/iOBa m Ha3HaneHMeM
pomcTpa.
3aflaioiuiiM reHeparop nMny/ibcoB npeAHa3HaneH a/ih cfiopMnpo-ii.
iHnq m noAann b 35Y onopHbix MMny/ibcoB, 4)opMMpyiomMx napa-
M O T p b l CMCTeMbi 3a>KMraHMfl. OnopHbIM MMny/lbC COOTBeTCTByeT mo-
MeHTy, KorAa nopwHeHb i-iaxoAMTCH b BMT m/im x e He AOCTMraeT BMT
na onpeAe/ieHHbiM yro/i, paBHbiw Hana/ibHOM ycTaHOBKe onepexeHMH
laxuraHMH. 3aAaiomMM reH e p a To p KMHeMaTMnecKM CBfl3aH c KB m b
I >(!CK0HTaKTH0M CMCTeMe 3aXMTaHMH B peXMMe XO/lOCTOrO XOAa Bbl-nonHqeT
po/ib ko h t3 k to b npepbiBaTe/ia. 35Y BbiHMc/iaeT Be/iMHMHy y r -
aa onepexeHMH 3axMraHMH 0TH0CMTe/ibH0 onopHbix MMny/ibcoB b 3a-
IIMCMMOCTM OT pe>KMMa p a 6 0 Tbl ABMraTe/ia - CKOPOCTM BpameHMH,
• i;»f py3KM m TeMnepaTypbi ABMraTe/iH.
B KanecTBe 3aAaiomero reHepaTopa Mcno/ib3yiOT AaTHMKM MHAyK-UMOHHoro
m onTMHecKoro TMnoB, a TaioKe AaTHMK Xo/i/ia, KOTopbie k m-h
(!MaTMnecKM cBa3aHbi c KB ABMraTe/iH. TeHepaTop Ha OCHOBe onTM-
'iccKoro AaTHMKa m/im AaTHMKa Xo/i/ia o6biHHo pacno/ioxeH b Kopnyce
pacnpeAe/iMTe/iq 3axMraHMH, a MHAyKUMOHHbiM AaTHMK - Ha MaxoBMKe
hum BHyTpM pacnpeAe/iMTe/iq 3axMraHMH.
AMn/iMTyAa MMny/ibcoB 33bmc mt o t n acT O T bi BpameHMH KB m M3-
MCMmeTca b LUMpoKMX npeAe/iax (o t 5 B Ha pexMMax xo/iocToro XOAa
upM 600 mmh "1 a o 0,1 B Ha pexMMax no/iHoro otkp htm h Apocce/ia).
i .iio k ynpaB/ieHMq npM noMomM AUn npeo6pa3yeT aHa/ioroBbm bma
i hi na/iOB AaTHMKa b UM<£poByio <£opMy. 3BY MMeeT BCTpoeHHyio c mc -
ii'My AnamocTMKM. Oh M O x e T pacno3HaBaTb HeMcnpaBHocTM b pa6o-ii'
CMCTeMbi, npeAynpexAaa o h mx BOAMTe/iq nepe3 KOHTpo/ibHyio
n.iMiiy «Check Engine».
33

C u c r e M b i B n p b ic K a 6 e H 3H H O B b ix A B n r a r e / ie i i
re H e p a ro p MMnynbCOB (M y/ibTH B iiSpaTop) npeflHa3HaneH p jin o p -
ra H M 3 a u mm B b in o /iH e H M a TaKTOB, n o c /ie flO B a T e /ib H O c /ie fly io m M x flp y r
3a flp y r o M . T e H e p a T o p MHMUMMpyeT OHepeflHOM Taicr MaiuMHHOM KOMaH-flb
i. J lio 6 a H o n e p a u M a n p o u e c c o p a (M a u iM H H a a K O M a H fla ) c o c to m t m3
O T fle /ib H b ix a ^ e M e H T a p H b ix TaKTOB, m n e M n a m e c / ie f ly io T M M n y /ib c b i o t
r e H e p a T o p a , T eM 6 b ic T p e e 6 y fle T B b in o /iH e H a 3 T a o n e p a u M H .
JaKTOBasi H a c ro ra npeflCTaB/iqeT co6om MMny/ibcbi n p H M oyro/ib-hom
cfiopMbi, o6ecneHM BaiomM e CMHxpoHM3auMio Bcex onepauMM mmk-p
o n p o u e c c o p a . OHa xapaicrepM 3yeT cK opocTb pa6oTbi Mn, Bbino/iHH-lo
m e ro pa3Hbie MHCTpy«uMM m 3aBM cam ero 0T coceflH eM MH<}x)pMa-
UMM. TaKTOBaa nacTOTa - s to nacTOTa cMHxpoMMny/ibcoB, KOTopaa
o n p e fle /ia e T c a ko/im h6ctbom MMny/ibcoB b ceKyH fly m M3MepaeTca b
M e ra re p u a x , T.e. b MM/uiMOHax MMny/ibcoB 3a 1 c. TaKTOBaa nacTOTa
He MOxeT 6biTb Bbino/iHeHa 6b icT p e e , neM 3a oamh t 3 k t (nepMOA)
CMHXpOMMny/lbCOB.
CTpyKTypHaa cxeM a My/ibTMBM6paTopa noKa3aHa Ha p m c . 1.9. Oh
npeflCTaB/iHeT c o 6 o m 3/ieKTpoHHoe ycTp0MCTB0, reH epM pyiom ee
3/ieKTpMHecKMe K0/ie6aHM5i, 6/iM3KMe k np^Moyro/ibHOM cJjopMe.
My/ibTMBM6paTop coA epxM T H a6op conpoTMB/ieHMM m KOHfleHcaTO-pOB,
CBH3aHHblX 3/ieKTpMHeCKOM uenblO M n03B0/15ieT n p e 0 6 p a 3 0 B b l-
BaTb MMny/ibcbi cM H ycoM fla/ibH oro HanpaxeHMH b MMny/ibcbi Hanpa-xeHMq
(TOKa) np^M oyro/ibH ow <£opMbi t o m x e nacTOTbi.
npM BKJIIOHeHMM riMTaHMH (Un) K O H fleH C aTO P C H e p e 3 pe3M C T O p R1
H anM H aeT 3 a p a x a T b c a . n o M e p e y B e /iM n e H M q H a n p a x e H M H Ha H eM j i o -
rM H ecK M e 3 /ie M e H T b i & ! m & 2 n e p e x o fl^ T b H eycToP iH M B oe c o c T o a H M e ,
c o n p o B o x A a io m e e c a K 0 /ie 6 a T e n b H b iM n p o u e c c o M . H a cT O T a K 0 /ie 6 a -
T e /ib H o r o n p o u e c c a o n p e A e /ia e T c a n a p a M e T p a M M n o c /ie A O B a T e /ib H b ix
K0H T y p 0B C,L, m Cj/Lj. B y c T a H O B M B iu e M c a p e x M M e npM C, = C2 m L, = L?
H a n p a x e H M e Ha K O H A e H c a T o p e C co o T B e T C T B ye T n o /iO B M H e H a n p a x e -
hmh riMTaHMH, m Ha B b ix o A a x I/, m U2 n p M cyT C T B ye T n p ^ M o y ro /ib H b iM mm-n
y r ib c (ziO M aH aa jimhmh n o A n p a M b iM y r/iO M ). B x o A H b ie 3 /ie M e H T b i I / , m
U2 c o A e p x a T 3 a m M T H b ie A n o A b i, m y H T M p y io m M e KOHTyp LC, n 0 3 T 0 M y
H e 06x 0A M M 0 COeAMHMTb BXOAbl U: M U2 C /-C -K O H T ypaM M H e p e 3 p e 3 M -
c T o p b i c o n p o T M B /ie H M e M 10-100 kOm.
OcHOBHbiM napaM eTpoM reH epaT opa MMny/ibcoB HBJiaeTca nepM-o
a c/ieAOBaHMq MMny/ibcoB, npeACTaB/iflioLUMM MHTepBa/i BpeMeHM c
MOMeHTa noaBJieHMH oA H oro MM ny/ibca TOKa (HanpaxeHM a) a o m o -
MeHTa noaB/ieHMa c /ie A y io m e ro MMny/ibca t o m x e no/iapHOCTM.
BpeMH M e xA y MMnynbcaMM npeACTaBnaeT c o 6 o m nay3y.
34

r n a s a 1. K oH C TpyKTH BH bie m a K c n fiy a ra iiH O H H b ie 0 C0 6 eHH0 CTn
CMCTeM BnpbicKa Ton/iHBa
e, C,
&2
H
Puc. 1.9. T e H e p a T o p MMny/ibcoB
a - 3/ieKTpnsecKan cxeMa; 6 -
A n a rpaM M bi HanpflxeHM H n TOKa
Uc, B n
A t
C
a )
1 /2 /7
1 /2 /7
Ia ¥ ° l
1 /2 /7
< *
'p I
6 ) t, MC
K o /iM H e c T B O B 0 3 f ly x a , n o c T y n a io m e r o b u m iM H f lp b i f lB n r a T e / in 3 a
(•MMHMuy B p e M e H M , n e p ecH M T b iB a e T C H Ha o a m h x o a n o p w H H n y T e M f l e -
i i o i i n n e r o H a n a c T O T y B p a m e H n a KB A B n ra T e -n a .
r ip M H U n n p a 6 o T b i M y jib T M B n 6 p a T o p a , y n p a B / i a i o m e r o A e ^ e H n e M ,
MDHCHeH Ha p u c . 1.9, 6. reH e p a u n a 6a30B0M n poAO Jixn Te / ibH oc™
impbiCKMBaHnq ocymecTB/iaeTca MyjibTMBn6paTopoM b cneuna/ibHoPi
i pyrine ueriefi 3 5 Y .
B n e p n o f l M e x A y A s y M H n o c /ie A O B a T e /ib H b iM M p a 3 p a A K a M M k o h -
M i'H o a T o p 3 a p a x a e T c a n o c T O H H H b iM t o k o m Ia . B c /ie A C T B u e 3 T o r o H a u
l w x e H n e K 0 H A e H c a T 0 p a Uc b K O H u e 3 a p a A K M n p o n o p u M O H a /ib H O
n p o A o n x M T e /ib H O C T M 3 a p a A K H , T . e . o 6 p a T H o n p o n o p u n o H a / ib H o s a c -
K>[ ( ! B p a m e H M a KB A s u r a T e / ia . n o c / i e 3 T o r o K O H A e H c a T o p p a 3 p a x a -
35

CucTeMbi BnpbicKa 6eH3nHOBbix ABMraresieM
e T C fl nO C TO H H H bIM TOKOM /£ , n p M H e M B e /lM H M H a p a 3 p H flH O rO TO K a
33BMCMT o t KOJiM HecTBa B03 fly x a 0 L, n o c T y n a io L u e ro b e flU H M u y B p e -
M eHM. no M e p e p a 3 p a flK M K O H fle H c a T o p a H a n p a x e H n e b u e n n y M e H b -
w a e T C H m n p n n o /iH o P i p a 3 p a A K e o h o 6 y fle T p a B H b iM H y /110. npoAO Ji>KM -
T e /ib H o c T b p a 3 p a flK M o n p e fle /ia e T B peM H n e p e ic m o H e H n a M y n b T M B n 6 -
p a T o p a t p , n p o n o p u n o H a /ib H o e K O /in n e c T B y B0 3 fly x a , n o c T y n a io m e r o
3 a o a h h x o a nopuji-m. H a c T O T a B p a m e H n a KB A s u r a T e / ia n v KO /iM He-c
t b o n o c T y n a io m e r o B 0 3 A y x a 0 L o n p e A e /ia iO T o c H O B H y io n p o flo .n > K M -
T e /ib H o c T b B n p b ic K a T o n /iM B a . C u r H a /i A e J in T e /ia n a c T O T b i b BM Ae
M M n y /ib c o B n o c T y n a e T H a b x o a y n p a B /ia io m e ro M y n b T M B n 6 p a T o p a .
EMKOCTb M y /lb T M B M 6 p a T 0 p a 3 apn>K aeTC 51 nOCTOHHHbIM t o k o m lA B T e n e -
Hue BpeMeHM 1/2n, o6ecneHMBaiomero 3apaAKy eMKocTM a o Be/iMHM-Hbl
HanpaxeHMH
Us = lA / 2n ■ (1.1)
P a 3 p a A K a e M K o c T u M y /ib T M B n 6 p a T o p a o c y m e c T B jia e T C H n o c T o a H -
HbiM t o k o m Ie . n p 0 A 0 /i>KM Te/ibH 0 CTb p a 3 paAKM t p , o n p e A e /ia io m e M
A n n T e /ib H O C T b M M n y /ib c a , 4 )o p M M p y e M o ro y n p a B J im o m u M M yn b T M B n 6 -
p a T o p o M , M O x e T 6 biTb o n p e A e /ie H a M3 B b ip a x e H n a
I a / - tje >
OTKyAa
t p = (lA / l E) / ( M 2 n ) .
(1-2)
(1-3)
A^nTe/ibHOCTb MMny/ibca n p n iio a o 6 h om c n o c o 6 e e ro <£opM npo-
BaHnq 06paTH0 nponopunoHa/ibHa nacTOTe BpameHMa KB, T.e. (Jokth-necKM
pea/iM3yeTC5i o n e p a u n a M aTeM aTnnecKoro A e/ieH na. B e /in sn H a
p a 3 p a A H o ro TOKa lE CBH3aHa c p a c x o A OM B03Ayxa c o o TH o iu e H n eM
/E = 1 /O t .
noc/ie npeo6pa30BaHM5i Be/innnHa t p MOxeT 6biTb onpeAe/ieHa M3
3aBMCMM0CTM
tp = k,Q L / n . (1.4)
noAo6Haa 3aBMCMM0CTb Heo6xoAHMa pjn nocTpoeHna 3EY.
KoacJxJjMUneHT /c, Bbi6npaioT M3 yariOBMH AnnTe/ibHOCTM MMny/ibca
My/ibTMBn6paTopa t pl paBHoro n0/i0BMHe AnnTe/ibHocTM MMny/ibca,
ynpaB/iaiomero pa60T0Pi 3/ieKTpoMarHMTHbix cJxjpcyHOK.
CTpyKTypHan cxeMa cucTeM bi ynpaB/ieHna p a 6 o T o ti A B nraTe/ia c
o6paTHoPi CB5i3bio (p u c . 1.10) coA epxM T 35Y 3, coo6meHHbiM c p a c -
36

P/iaBa 1 . KoHcrpyKTMBHbie n SK cn nyaTai^noHHbie oco6eHHocm
______________________________ c y tc reM BnpbicKa ro n / tn s a ____________________________
x 0 fl0 M e p 0 M B 0 3 fly x a 12 v c u c T e M O M 3 a x n ra H M H 13, p e ry /iH T o p K0 3 <t>-
4 )n u n e H T a M 36biT K a B 0 3 fly x a 10, <J>opM npoB aTe.nb n a y 3 bi 6 v 6 ; io k
4 )o p M n p o B a H n q c u m a /ia 3 a n a 3 A b iB a H n a 7 , c o o 6 m e H H b iw n e p e 3 a /ie ic -
r p u n e c K y io cB H 3 b 8 B x o flH o r o c u m a /ia H e M T p a /iM 3 a T o p a c A .-3 o h a o m 9 ,
B 0 3 fle M C T B yio m M M Hepe3 3 /ieK T p nH e cK yio u e n b 11 Ha n a p a M e T p b i A a T HMKa
p a c x o A O M e p a B 0 3 A y x a 12.
P h c . 1 . 1 0 . C T p yK T yp H a q c x e M a c u c T e M b i yn p a B /ie H M H p a 6 0 T0 fi msvwaienn
C 06paTH0M CBH3 blO
I (J> o p M n p o B a T e /ib M M n y /ib c o B ; 2 - M y/ib T M B n6 p a T o p ; 3 - 6 jio k yn p a B /ie H u n ;
4 n e p e M H O x a to iy e e 3BeHo; 5 - 6yct>epHbiM K acK a*; 6 - (J>opMnpoBaTe/ib n a y
ibi; 7 - 6 / io k (J )o p M n p o B a T e /i!i c u m a / ia 3 a n a 3AbiBaHMH; 8 - 3 /ie K T p n s e c K a s i
un n b B xoA H oro c u rH a /ia H e m p a n m a x o p a O r ; 9 - X -3 0 h a ; 10 - p e r y / m o p k o -
i<|)Ct>nuMeHTa M36biTKa B0 3 A y x a ; 11 - ynpaB/iH tom uM c u rH a /i p a c x o A O M e p a
B0 3 A y x a ; 12 - p a c x o A O M e p B o a A y x a ; 13 - MOAy-nb c u c T e M b i 3 a x n ra H n s i
3 /ie K T p 0 H H b lM 6/10K 3 COAep>KMT 4 )O p M M p O B a T e /lb M M ny/lbC O B 1,
M y /ib T M B n 6 p a T o p 2 , n e p e M H o x a io m e e 3 B e H 0 4 v 6 y < te p H b iM K a c K a A 5 .
l ’;ic x o A O M e p B 0 3 A y x a 7 2 c o o 6 m e H c M y /ib T M B n 6 p a T o p o M 2 , B b in o /iH H -
io ih m m ctjyHKUMM A e J in T e /iq b x o a h w x c u m a /iO B . C n c T e M a 3 a x n ra H M H
1.1 o 6 e c n e H M B a e T n o A a n y c u m a / ia b bm a© H a n p a x e H n a Ha < £ o p M n p o -
n a ie / ib 1 y n p a B /ia io iJ U n x M M n y /ib c o B c u c T e M b i y n p a B /ie H n a .
P e r y /ia T o p K o a c tx J w u n e H T a M 36biT K a B 0 3 A y x a 1 0 c o o 6 m e H c n e p e -
M H O X aiO m U M 3 B e H 0 M 4 , BblnO/lH51IOmMM B blH M C JlM TejlbH bie <J)yHKI4MM.
< I> o p M n p o B a T e /ib n a y 3 b i 6 o 6 e c n e H M B a e T n o a B J ie H n e n a y 3 b i, n p o T e K a -
iD ineM o t M O M e m ra n p u ro T O B J ie H n a ro p ra n e M c M e c u a o M O M eH Ta e e
iK i/ia n n . n a y 3 a n p e A C T a B /ia e T c o 6 o m n p o A O /ix n T e /ib H O C T b M 3 M e p e -
mmvi K o a c tx ^ M u n e H T a a , a 6 / io k 3 a n a 3 A b iB a H M H 7 o c y m e c T B /ia e T 3 a n o / i-iM
M ine BbinycK H O M c u c T e M b i 0T p a 60TaBUiMMM ra 3 a M M . 5 / io k y n p a B /ie -
37

CM C TeM b i B n p b ic K a 6eH 3M HO B b ix M BM ra re n eM
h mh 3 <£opMMpyeT npHMoyro/ibHbie MMnyribcbi, H eo6xoflM M bie pjn o t -
KpbiTna 3M<t> Ha o n p e fle /ie H H o e BpeMH. B b ixo flH o e H a n p a x e H n e
p a cxoflO M epa 12 nocTynaeT Ha My/ibTMBn6paTop 2 , ynpaB^araiMnCi
fle /ie H n e M m onpefle/im om M Pi u in p uH y npaM oyro/ibH bix MMny/ibcoB.
M y/ibTM Bn6paTop nepeicmoHaeTca n o fl fleMCTBueM MMny/ibcoB 3BeHa
4)opMnpoBaHMfi cuma/iOB.
Pery/inpyeMbiM napaMeTpoM CMCTeMbi HBJiaeTca Koactx^MuneHT a,
onpefle/iHeM biM nyTeM M3MepeHMH KOHuewpauMM 0CTaT0HH0r0 kmc-jiopoAa
b O r c noMoiAbio A.-30Hfla 9. Ha Bbixofle ^.-30Hfla Be/innnHa
H a n p n x e H M H n p o n o p u M O H a /ib H a k , 3HaHeHMH K O T o p o ro c p a B H M B a io T c a
c 3aflaHHOM Be/iMHMHOM a, ycTaHOB/ieHHOM Ha <Jx)pMMpoBaTe.ne 3Ta-jiO
HHoro c u rH a /ia 11. rip n Ha/inn mm oTicnoHeHMH 3HaneHMH a o t 3aflaH -
Horo n a p a M e T p a Mcrio.nHM Te.nbHbiM c M m a /i p e r y /ia T o p a 10 M 3M eH aeT
np0fl0/ixMTe/ibH0CTb BnpbicKMBaHMfi c noMombio 35Y. Pery/iMpoBa-
HMe o c y m e c T B J ia e T c a c n o M o m b io n e p e M H O x a io m e r o 3 B e H a 4 3 5 Y ,
C O fle p x a m e r O 3 /ie M e H T b l pa3/lM H H blX KOPpeKTMpOBOHHbIX (JjaKTOpOB.
CMCTeMa « D -Je tro n ic» (pmc. 1 .1 1 ) np e flcT a B /ia e T co6om <£yHK-UMOHa/
ibHyio cxeMy CMCTeMbi 3/ieKTpoHHoro ynpaB/ieHMH BcnpbicKM-BaHMeM
Ton/iMBa no Be/iMHMHe flaB/ieHMa b BT. CMCTeMa cH a 6 xe H a
y cT p 0 M C T B 0 M perynMpoBaHMH n o fla n M T o n /iM B a n o Be/iM HM He p a 3 p e -
xeHMH b BT m nacTOTe BpameHMH KB. Be/iMHMHa flaB/ieHMa n p e o 6 p a -
3yeTC51 B 3/ieKTpM HeCKM M CMma/1, Heo6xOflMMblM 3 5 Y p j1H BblHMCJieHMH
Ko/iMHecTBa noflaBaeMoro Ton/iMBa.
C M C T eM a B n p b ic K a c o fle p x M T ctjyH K U M O H a/ibH bie yC T poM C T B a no-flaH
M T o n /iM B a , B03flyxa m 3 /ie K T p o H H o ro y n p a B /ie H M H flB M ra T e /ie M .
Y c t p o m c t b o n o fla n M T o n /iM B a c o f le p x M T 35H 18, c o o 6 m e H H b iti c
TO n/lM B H blM 6 a K 0 M 17, TOn/lM BHbIM C^MJlbTp 19, P e ry /IH T O P flaB/ieHM 51
Ton/iMBa 9, pa6onyio Ton/iMBHyio 3 m nycKOByio 5 <£opcyHKM. 35H no-f
la e T k 3M<t> T o n /iM B o nofl nocToaHHbiM flaB/ieHMeM 0 , 2 0 - 0 , 2 2 M ila.
C M C TeM a n o fla n M B03flyxa c o fle p x M T B03flyuiHbiM cfiM JibTp, B03flyiu-hw
m KaHan 10 m BnycKHOM Tpy60np0B0fl 4 . Y c t p o m c t b o ynpaB.neHMH
flB M ra T e /ia BicniOHaeT b c e 6 a 3 5 Y 11, coo6meHHbiM c pacnpefle/iMTe-
/ieM 3 a x M ra H M a 14 m a b th m k o m a 6 c o /n o T H o ro A a B /ie H M f) b BT.
3/ieKTpoHHbiw 6 /io k ynpaB/ieHMa 11 o6pa6aTbiBaeT nocT yn a io m yio
MH<J)opMauMio p e x M M O B pa6oTbi ABMraTe/iq m n p e o 6 p a 3 ye T ee b 3/ieK-TpMnecKMM
MMny/ibc, onpeAe/iaiom M M Hana/io m npoAO/ixM Te/ibHocTb
B npblC K M B aH M a TOn/lMBa. OCHOBHaa MHCt)OpMaUM51 p e x M M O B p a 60Tbl
ABMraTejia npeACTaB/iaeT co6om nacTOTy BpameHMH KB m Be/iMHMHy
AaB/ieHMH b BT. K poM e s t o t o , 3 5 Y yMMTbiBaeT pa3/iMHHyio KoppeK-TMpOBOHHyiO
MH<J)OpMaUMIO, nOCTynaiOmyiO OT BHeiilHMX AaTHMKOB.
38

Oraea 1. KoHCTpyKTUBHbie n OKcn/iyaraijMOHHbie ocodeHHOcru
cucreM BnpbicKa ron/iuBa
P h c . 1.11. OyHKUHOHajibHaa cxeMa c u c T e M b i BnpbicKa «D-Jetronic»
I 6/iok ljh/ihhaPOb; 2 - BnycKHOi* icnanaH; 3 - TOn/iuBHaa (J>opcyHKa; 4 - Bny-
( kiioh Tpy60np0B0A; 5 - nycKOBan (J>opcyHKa; 6 - pery/in p 0 B 0 H H b m buht; 7 -
A|)occe/ibHan 3ac/iOHKa; 8 - AaT4UK TeMnepaTypbi B 03flyxa; 9 - p e ry /in T o p
A.imieHun TOn/iuBa; 10 - B03flyiiiHbi£i KaHa/i; 11 - 6jiok ynpaB/ieHun; 12 -
i M.-iBHoe pe/ie; 13 - aKKyMy/inTopHan SaTapen; 14 - npepbiBaTe/ib-pacnpeAe-mh
i (i/ib CMCTeMbi 3axnraHnn; 15 - MarncTpa/ib nOAasn Ton/iMBa; 16 - MaruCT-p.
i/ib B03BpaTa TOn/iuBa; 17 - Ton/WBHbiPi 6aK; 18 - 3/ieKTpnsecKnPi 6eH3MHO-iii.
im Hacoc; 19 - TonjiMBHbii* (Jw/ibTp; 20 - abthuk no/ioxeHun AP0cceJibH0fi
i.iciiohkh; 21 ~ peryriHTop xo/iocToro XOAa; 22 - asthmk afico/iioTHoro p,aBne-
Hun b BT; 23 - AaTHMK TeMnepaTypbi oxna>KAaioinePi xuakoctm
H n ( t) o p M a u M f) o H a r p y 3 K e coflepxnTca b cum a/ie AaTHMKa p a 3 p e x e -
IIHH B BT. 3/ieKTpMHeCKMM 6eH3MHOBblM Hacoc COflepXMT POTOP Ha Ba-ny
aneKTpoflBM raTe/ia, pa6oTaiomMPi no n p u H u n n y B036y>KAeHMH o t
nocroaHHbix MarHMTOB. 3/ieKTpnHecKaH ero 6/i0KMp0BKa ocymecTB-imorcfl
c noMombio pene 12 v 35Y 11.
T e M n e p a T y p a B 0 3 fly x a v o x /ia x a a io m e M x m a k o c tm M 3 M e p a e T c a
' |iy i IKU,M0Ha/1bHblMM flaTHM KaM M 8 M 23, npeflCTaB^51HDmMMM c o 6 o v
ii'P M M H e c K n e p e 3 M C T o p b i c O T p n u ,a T e /ib H b iM T e M n e p a T y p H b iM K03<})-
>|inuneH TO M c o n p o T M B /ie H M q . flu a c J jp a rM e H H w C i p e ry riH T o p 9 n o A f le p -
+ im a e T n0CT0HHHyK) Be/iMHMHy AaB/ieHMH BnpbicKMBaHna 0,2 Mna.
H i o /ib s a T b iM icn a n a H 3M<t> b c o c to h h m m n o K o a n p u x a T n p y x u H O M k
i I'M n y , a O TK pbiB aeTca o h c n o M o m b io 3 /ie K T p o M a rH M T a v h k o p h . Be/in-
39

Ford Benzine Engine Systems Guide

Ford Benzine Engine Systems Guide

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