1. Leaning, Adult Learning and
Learning Environment in
BPKIHS
Prof. Dr. Ram Sharan Mehta
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS 1

2. Learning Objectives:
• Introduction of education
• Introduction of learning theories
• Discuss learning and nature of learning
• Learning environment in BPKIHS
• Teachers role in facilitating learning
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS 2

3. Knowledge, like muscles, must be
nourished constantly and used
frequently to retain function.
Learning like motion, is more easily
maintained if it's momentum has
not been interrupted.
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS 3

4. What is Education?
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS 4

5. What is Education?
• Change in behavior
• Make a men different from animal
• To make something out of Nothing
• Starts from womb till death
• Shiksha: discipline, control, instruct, raise
• Vidya: know, refer to knowledge
• Self realization: Sankaracharya
• Creation of sound mind in sound body: Aristotle
• All round drawing out of best of body, mind,
and sprit: Mahatma Gandhi
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS 5

6. Education is Tri-polar Process
.
Teacher Pupil
Environment
Subject Matter
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS 6

7. • The objective of education is not
shape citizens to use of society, but
to produce citizens able to shape a
better society.
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS 7

8. Learning Theories:
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS 8

9. learning style
• Each person perceives, processes,
stores and retrieves material in a
unique way that is individual to
their preference and style.
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS 9

10. Learning Approach:
Pedagogy, Andragogy, and Heutagogy
Pedagogy: The learner is dependent upon the
instructor for all learning
Andragogy: The learner is self-directed
and responsible for his/her own learning
Heutagogy: the study of self-determined learning
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS 10

11. Learning Theory
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS 11

12. Learning Theory
Q: How do people learn?
A: Nobody really knows.
But there are 6 main theories:
Behaviorism:
Cognitivism
Social Learning Theory
Social Constructivism
Multiple Intelligences
Brain-Based Learning
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS 12

13. Behaviorism
Confined to observable and measurable
behavior
 Classical Conditioning – Pavlov: Dog
 Operant Conditioning – Skinner: Cat
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS 13

14. Cognitive Learning Theory
 Discovery Learning
Bruner said anybody can learn anything at
any age, provided it is stated in terms
they can understand.
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS 14

15. Social Learning Theory
Research indicates that the following factors influence the
strength of learning from models:
1. How much power the model seems to have
2. How capable the model seems to be
3. How nurturing (caring) the model seems to be
4. How similar the learner perceives self and model
5. How many models the learner observes
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS 15

16. Multiple Intelligences (MI)
• All people are born with eight intelligences:
• Enables students to influence their strengths and
purposefully target
1. Verbal-Linguistic 5. Musical
2. Visual-Spatial 6. Naturalist
3. Logical-Mathematical 7. Interpersonal
4. Kinesthetic 8. Intrapersonal
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS 16

17. BBL in the Classroom
• Opportunities for group
learning
• Regular environmental
changes
• A multi-sensory environment
• Opportunities for self-expression
and making
personal connections to
content
• Community-based learning
Rt. Side Brain Vs Lt. Side Brain
< 10% Brain Use
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS 17

18. If you are a good friend to
your Mind, Your mind will be
a good friend to you and help
you in all aspects of your life.
R S MEHTA, MSND 18

19. Humanist
• All students are intrinsically motivated to self
actualize or learn
• Learning is dependent upon meeting a
hierarchy of needs (physiological,
psychological and intellectual)
• Learning should be reinforced.
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS 19

20. • To know how to suggest is
the great art of teaching.
– Amiel
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS 20

21. LEARNING
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS 21

22. Nature of Learning
• Enabling to do or feel something new
• Prerequisite of any behaviour
• Gain by interacting with his environment
• Learning starts from inborn of child (Crying to
fulfill needs and adjust)
• Learning continues till death
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS 22

23. Nature of Learning (continue)
• Every aspects of human behaviour is
responsive to learning experiences
• Life long process of development of cognitive,
affective and psychomotor skills
• Learning:
- informal at home: child learn form parents
-formal at school
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS 23

24. • Learning is the acquisition of habits,
knowledge and attitude. It involves
new way of doing things and it
operates in an individual’s attempt of
overcome obstacles or adjust to new
situations.
- Crow and Crow
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS 24

25. Learning
A process resulting in some modification,
relatively permanent, of the way of
thinking,
feeling,
doing,
of the learner.
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS 25

26. Learning is ...
The act or process of acquiring knowledge
and/or skill in a particular subject.
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS 26

27. The Key to Success
Success depends not on how you are taught
but on how you choose to learn.
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS 27

28. Choosing to Learn
In order to effect change on your behavior, you
need a positive attitude about learning.
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS 28

29. Attitude is ...
A manner, feeling, or position toward a person
or thing.
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS 29

30. Strategies for Building a Positive
Attitude:
• Create positive self-images
• Visualize the attainment of goals
• Recognize Your Abilities
• Identify realistic expectations
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS 30

31. Some Confidence Builders
• Recognizing your abilities (competencies in
various activities) is an attitude builder.
• Avoiding perfectionism.
• Developing your basic skills.
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS 31

32. Learning Strategies
• Know your learning style.
• Manage your time.
• Develop a study strategy.
• Practice Critical Thinking: postulate New Solution.
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS 32

33. Adult Learning
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS 33

34. Adult learn best in the following condition, when :
• The learning's are focus on their real problems and
need and they feel it will be useful in their work
• They get informal environment for learning
• They get progression of learning regularly
• They get opportunity to share their experience and
expertise
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS 34

35. LEARNING PYRAMID WORKSHEET
Lecture
Reading
Audio-visual
Demonstration
Group Discussion
5%
Practice by doing / teach others
Immediate use of learning
10%
20%
30%
50%
75%
90%
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS 35

36. Learning Environment BPKIHS
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS 36

37. 37
BPKIHS Learning Environment
• CBE = Community-Based Education
• CBL = Case-Based Learning
• CDP = Community Diagnosis Programme
• CLIP = Clinical Posting
• CLS = Clinical Lab Services
• CME = Continuing Medical Education
• COCRRIP = Community Oriented
Compulsory Residential
Rotatory Internship Program
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS

38. 38
• LABEX = Laboratory Exercises
• LIF = Learning in Field
• MCQ = Multiple Choice
Question
• MEQ = Modified Essay
Question
• OSCE = Objective Structured
Clinical Examination
• OSLER = Objective Structured
Long Exercise Records
• OSPE = Objective Structured
Practical Examination
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS

39. 39
• PBL = Problem-Based Learning
• PSE = Problem Solving Exercise
• SAQ = Short Answer Question
• SEM = Seminar
• SGD = Small Group Discussion
• SIS = Structured Interactive Session
• SLAQ = Structured Long Answer Question
• SLQ = Structured Long Question
• SYCS = Sharpen Your Clinical Skills
• TPIC = Teaching Programme
Implementation Committee
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS

40. 40
Other Environment
• Library = Dedicated health
sciences library
• Hostel = help inculcate habit of
fellowship; being a
residential university
student-teacher
contact hour is
maximized
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS

41. 41
Innovative learning/teaching
strategies
• WORK-BASED LEARNING
• PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING
• SELF-DIRECTED LEARNING
• COMMUNITY-BASED LEARNING
• COMPUTER-ASSISTED LERNING
• COLLABORATIVE LEARNING
• COOPERATIVE LEARNING
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS

42. 42
Learning in BPKIHS focuses on:
• Knowledge-based education: Cognitive
• Attitudinal/behavioral change: Affective
• Skill-based education:
• Psychomotor
The Details will be discuss later in Objective
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS

43. Curriculum Design
Aims Teaching
Goals Contents Learning Evaluation
Objectives Activities
Epistemology
(the nature of
Knowledge)
Society/
Culture The
individual
Learning
theories
Philosophical Assumptions
43

44. Teacher’s Role in Facilitating Learning
• Create conducive learning environment of class
room: all facilities
• Plan teaching learning sessions : set rules
• Organize the learning experiences: plan
• Find the learning needs of student and facilitate
• Clear explanation of T-L contents
• Use variety of learning resources
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS 44

45. Teacher’s Role in Facilitating Learning
• Involve learner actively: assignments
• Encourage student for openness of mind but permit
confrontation of ideas to certain extent only
• Follow the principles of reinforcement to motivate: give
positive rewards
• Accept student’s view point and tolerate imperfection if
any
• Accept individual difference is desirable and
unavoidable
• Use T-L sessions to evaluate your own teaching.
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS 45

46. Skills and Strategies for Effective Learning
What do you think about these two ways to cut a tree?
Thank
you
One man is working hard, but isn't making progress. The
other is working smart, and is getting results!
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS 46

47. QNS Training
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS 47

48. QNS Training …
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS 48

49. • Nothing is more dangerous
than an idea when it’s the
only one you have.
– Emile
R S Mehta, MSND, CON, BPKIHS 49

50. RMT 3-7 March 2013
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS 50 Thank you