Third day of the Design & Creativity module at Nanyang Technological University. Institute on Asian Consumer Insights. This is the "How?" day, includes the sketching activity and the challenge to do something new. Cultivate ambiguity, rethink the role of failure, and think about "innovative diversity" in your organisation.
3. Innovation champion
What is the country that you consider to be the leading innovation champion?
Q1. What is THE country that you consider to be the leading innovation champion? Base business executives: 2,748
+5 -1 - 1 +2 = + 1-3 = =
NEW
ENTRANTS-6 +1 + 1 +1
NEW
ENTRANTS
Points difference with 2014 ranking
33%
17%
10% 9%
3% 3% 3% 3% 2% 2% 2% 2% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1%
USA Japan Germany China South
Korea
Israel UAE UK India Sweden France Singapore Australia KSA Canada Russia Switzerland Malaysia Turkey Mexico South
Africa
Finland
3
4. 1: “Other countries are
innovative”
2: “Other countries are not
innovative”
A: “My country is
innovative”
Emancipated view Oppressive view
B: “My country is not
innovative”
Oppressed view Sceptic view
Table 1. Four general types of views of creativity based on Freire (2000).
13. • Power Distance: the degree of equality/inequality between
people in a particular society
• Individualism: the degree to which a society reinforces individual
or collective achievement and interpersonal relationships
• Masculinity: the degree societies reinforce the traditional
masculine work role model of achievement, control, and power
• Uncertainty Avoidance: the level of acceptance for uncertainty
and ambiguity within a society
• Long-Term Orientation: how every society has to maintain some
links with its own past while dealing with the challenges of the
present and future
• Indulgence: the extent to which people try to control their
desires and impulses, based on the way they were raised
http://geert-hofstede.com/
14. http://geert-hofstede.com/
Seven (7) countries in the Geert Hofstede research have
Individualism (IDV) as their highest Dimension: USA (91),
Australia (90), United Kingdom (89), Netherlands and Canada
(80), and Italy (76).
High IDV ranking indicates a society with a more
individualistic attitude and relatively loose bonds with others.
The populace is more self-reliant and looks out for
themselves and their close family members.
15. “The low Individualism (IDV) ranking is manifest in
a close and committed member 'group', be that a
family, extended family, or extended
relationships. Loyalty in a collectivist culture is
paramount. The society fosters strong
relationships where everyone takes responsibility
for fellow members of their group.”
http://geert-hofstede.com/
18. Scandinavian countries: “A low Masculinity
(MAS) may be indicative of a low level of
differentiation and discrimination between
genders. In this culture, females are treated
more equally to males in all aspects of society.
This low Masculinity ranking may also be
displayed as a more openly nurturing society.”
http://geert-hofstede.com/
19. “Masculine society: Performance is
highly valued and early required as
the school system separates children
into different types of schools at the
age of ten.
People rather “live in order to work”
and draw a lot of self-esteem from
their tasks. Managers are expected to
be decisive and assertive. Status is
often shown, especially by cars,
watches and technical devices.”
http://geert-hofstede.com/
20.
21. Uncertainty avoidance (UAI)
•High UAI when people feel threatened by uncertain or
unknown situations;
•Low UAI when “risks are accepted, such as changing
jobs and starting activities for which there are no
rules”
Hofstede, G. (2001), Culture's Consequences; Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions and Organizations across Nations, Thousand Oaks: Sage
26. http://www.designsingapore.org/Files/Dsg_II_Strategic_Blueprint.pdf
“… this rate of change will need to be matched with
mindset and paradigm changes in order for us to
maintain our ability to innovate, and to create new
value.
Design must become the critical strategic tool for
futureproofing Singapore from the uncertainties of the
future.”
27. Reflect
How can you embrace ambiguity?
Does your team/organisation avoid uncertainty?
Remember recent responses to uncertainty
28. Challenge
Look for stable certainties, then prioritise them
Select one certainty near the top of your list
Question it, imagine alternate scenarios and their consequences
29. Discussion
When may ambiguity be desirable/valuable?
How may we work with ambiguity?
Develop ways for you and your team to welcome ambiguity
30. Every organisation requires a unique approach to nurture
a creative atmosphere
17
http://www.todayonline.com/
31. What type of creativity may fit your
organisation?
37. Abductive logic
‘Inference to the best explanation’
Premises that lead to “what if?” statements
Deductive: “All men are mortal, therefore…”
Inductive: “All swans are white…”
Abductive: “Our new idea will be a success…”
40. Most people…
•Believe that failure is wrong
•Assume that success is failure-free
•Associate failure with embarrassment
•Fail twice: don’t learn once they fail
•Fear failure (kiasu, ‘scared to lose’)
•Dismiss, forget or hide their failures
41. ricardo_sosa@sutd.edu.sg
“Babe” Ruth hit 714 home runs in his career (1914-1935)
He also struck out 1,330 times in his career
http://www.flickr.com/photos/cliffbaise/4479440032
42. “Alfred Nobel was full of
ideas; he said ‘If I have a
thousand ideas a year, and
only one turns out to be
good, I am satisfied’. I, too,
am full of ideas, and I
would be satisfied with
one good idea per year”
Dr. Linus Pauling
http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laure
ates/1962/pauling-acceptance_en.html
43. Make failure desirable, as evidence of learning and trying
new ideas
22
http://www.todayonline.com/
46. Reflect
What is your attitude towards failure?
How does your organisation respond to failure?
What could be positive about failing?
47. “Fail Early, Fail Fast and Fail Often”
http://undergradsuccess.com/http://funnie.st/458449/epic-sports-fails/3/
48. Learn from others’ mistakes
Identify the numerous failures behind successful
people / businesses
Look for ‘trial and error’ processes (in nature,
science, society, etc)
51. Challenge
Try doing something new, anything you
haven’t tried so far
Focus on your emotions toward error
Overcome, learn, persist and improve
52. Discussion
When and how is failure possible and important?
What alternatives to failure can you envision?
What changes are necessary to enable failure as a valid and
useful way of doing things?
69. Funnel
1. Temporary choices: converge by iterating divergence
2. Successive approximations: Problem-solution coevolve together
3. Ideas are not light bulbs: Eureka! is less having the idea, and more
understanding it
4. Clear vision: but remain flexible (pivoting)
5. No right/wrong responses, but more/less appropriate
6. Abductive reasoning: ban the phrase “prove it!”
7. F4: Fail early, fail cheap, fail often, fail different
97. Thomas Edison
J. Utzon
Frank Gehry
http://www.brookbanham.com/sketches
A. G. Bell
Key idea is: speed sketching is NOT about aesthetic quality, but seeing/thinking/communicating in more and flexible ways to represent ideas
98.
99.
100. “Idea sketching” is NOT an artistic skill.
It’s NOT about accuracy or beauty (at all),
but fluency (speed) and to support your thinking
26
http://www.todayonline.com/
112. Top and front views
http://www.clker.com/cliparts/d/8/3/1/1310140523740641197apple-macbook-pro-mc374lla-13.3-inch-laptop-front-top-view-1.jpg
http://www.hightech-edge.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/04/macbook-pro.jpg
128. Use 2 geometries of
3 sides as initial
shapes to generate
as many unique
compositions
resulting in more
than 2 final
geometries
1 2
sample composition resulting in more than 2 shapes
1
2
3
129. Use 2 geometries of
3 sides as initial
shapes to generate
as many unique
compositions
resulting in more
than 2 final
geometries
this composition features:
shape #1 = 6 sides
shape #2 = 4 sides
shape #3 = 3 sides
how many unique compositions can you
create combining 2 triangles?
3
2
1
134. Product Features:
•Letter Lock™ - Popular combination lock with easy to dial and remember 3-letter combinations
•Easy to remember phrase included with each padlock for additional convenience
•Extra wheels on-pack allows for greater personalization
http://www.masterlock.com/
135. The Secret and Beauty of Ancient Chinese Padlocks
Hong-Sen Yan, Hsing-Hui Huang
http://140.116.71.92/lock/english/char.htm
139. Abstracting and decomposing a product into functions
Function: “a statement of a clear, reproducible
relationship between the available input and the desired
output –independent of any specific form”
Chapter 5 Otto and Wood “Product Design”, Pearson
150. DYI ice cream parlour (red block is child, pink is parent)
Pretend food cooking lessons for children (red and pink are
children)
TV show, pink is camera crew
Cooking competition, pink is judge
155. • Accomplishment: achieving goals
• Beauty: appreciation of qualities that give pleasure to the senses or spirit
• Community: sense of unity with others around us and a general connection
• Creation: sense of having produced something new and original
• Duty: willing application of oneself to a responsibility
• Enlightenment: clear understanding through logic or inspiration
• Freedom: sense of living without unwanted constraints
• Harmony: balanced and pleasing relationship of parts to a whole
• Justice: assurance of equitable and unbiased treatment
• Oneness: sense of unity with everything around us
• Redemption: atonement or deliverance from past failure or decline
• Security: freedom from worry about loss
• Truth: commitment to honesty and integrity
• Validation: recognition of oneself as a valued individual worthy of respect
• Wonder: awe in the presence of a creation beyond one’s understanding
http://www.makingmeaning.org/meanings.html
157. Rapid ethnography project
• Religious items (faith, belonging, protection)
• Vespa (achievement, independence)
• House, flat, car (achievement, personality, security)
• Soccer shoes (function), fountain pen from college (memories)
• Glasses (function), hair gel (identity), oven (it’s complicated), Pokemon toy (hard to
obtain)
• Painting (confidence, self-esteem), ring last present given from his father (loneliness,
reconciliation)
• Portraits, rings, presents, blankets, suitcase, custom-made: book, pillows, journals,
signed items (promises, attachment, relationships, memories from times, self and
others)
• Traditional musical instruments (authority, pride, belonging, giving)
• Beyond objects: smells, ways of acquiring, spaces
• Context, stories, past and memories, achievement, plans, items lost, from 8 to 90
years old (family members, colleagues, helpers), conscious effort of reflection,
articulation and empathy, maker culture and ‘scars’, honest/accurate responses,
future: investment or preparing something for children, giving and receiving, children
more functional but even from young age (2): “mommy/daddy bought it”, things that
lose vs. gain value over time.
158. Richard Seymour: How beauty feels
http://www.ted.com/talks/richard_seymour_how_beauty_feels.html
159. Semantic Differential
1. Create a scale using polar adjectives (opposite-meaning terms)
2. Use as a guide three dimensions: strength, value, and activity
3. Ask subjects to rate an object or concept, assigning a mark on one of the five
(or seven) spaces along each dimension
4. Positive and negative attributes should be varied from left to right
http://psychology.ucdavis.edu/sommerb/sommerdemo/scaling/semdiff.htm