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Chapter 5
1.
Network Addressing
Networking for Home and Small Businesses – Chapter 5 ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 1
2.
Purpose of an
IP Address A logical network address that identifies a host A host (end-user) must have a NIC card – workstations – servers – printers – router interface Each packet will contain a source and destination IP address Packet Tracer Activity 5.1.1 – Section 2 ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 2
3.
IP addresses
32 binary digits 4 octets Dotted decimal notation IP Version 4 – most common form of IP addresses Over 4 billion possible IP addresses ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 3
4.
Binary Numbers
The IP address is made up of binary numbers (1 or 0) Humans must be able to talk computer language to send data We do this by converting our numbering system (Base 10 to binary) Let’s try some . . . Convert 140 to binary Convert 10 to binary Convert 11010111 to Base 10 Convert 11111110 to Base 10 Time to play a game -- Online Activity 5.1.2 – Section 3 ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 4
5.
Parts of an
IP Address Hierarchial – made up of 2 parts • network • host – determined by IP class Similar to your phone number – Area code = network – phone number = host ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 5
6.
Purpose of the
Subnet Mask Helps identify network bits (all 1s) and host bits Boolean math or “ANDING” What happens if both source and destination IP are on the same network?? ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 6
7.
Types of IP
Addresses Class A – Range 1-127 – N.H.H.H – First bit in octet will be a 0 – Default subnet mask • 255.0.0.0 – can create over 16 million host addresses • 224 – 2 = 16,777,214 to be exact • why do you subtract 2??? – Used in large organizations ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 7
8.
Types of IP
Addresses Class B – Range 128-191 – N.N.H.H – First bit in octet will be a 1 – Default subnet mask • 255.255.0.0 – can create over 65,000 host addresses • 216 – 2 = 65,534 to be exact – Used in medium-sized organizations ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 8
9.
Types of IP
Addresses Class C – Range 192 -223 – N.N.N.H – First two bits in octet will be a 11 – Default subnet mask • 255.255.255.0 – can create 254 hosts • 28 – 2 = 254 to be exact – Used in small organizations ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 9
10.
Types of IP
Addresses Class D – Range 224 - 239 – used for multicasting – not for commercial use Class E – Range 240 - 255 – reserved for experimental use – not for commercial use ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 10
11.
Private IP Addresses
Helps avoid the problem of limited IP addresses Allows hosts to communicate locally without each device needing a public IP address Not routed on the Internet; blocked by the ISP router Private address ranges assigned by RFC 1918 – Request for comment – all classes can be used for any size network – most use Class A ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 11
12.
Unicast Address
Most common type of address Intended for a specific host Must have both destination IP and MAC in the header ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 12
13.
Broadcast Address
All ones in the host portion of the IP address – Class C address: 204.33.4.0 (N.N.N.H) – Broadcast address: 204.33.4.255 MAC address all Fs – FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 13
14.
Multicast Address
Send packet to a group of devices Must use multicast address range Range 224.0.0.0 – 239.255.255.255 Used for remote gaming MAC address begins with: – 01-00-5E ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 14
15.
Using Static IP
Addressing Manually configured by the network administrator Advantages – useful for printers, servers, etc – increased control of resources (security) Disadvantages – time consuming ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 15
16.
Using Dynamic IP
Addressing Automatic assignment of IP addresses Useful if frequent change in users (wireless hotspot) Uses DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server IP addresses leased for a period of time – if host is removed from the network (turned off), the IP address goes back into the pool of IP address Preferred method for large networks – reduces the burden of network support ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 16
17.
Configuring DHCP
If host is configured as DHCP client, it will not have a – IP address – Subnet Mask – Default Gateway Clients send a DHCP address – Broadcast IP and MAC • only DHCP server replies Server responds with DHCP offer of an IP address Host/client sends DHCP request asking server to use the IP address Server responds with DHCP acknowledgment ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 17
18.
Obtaining an IP
address from DHCP server Multifunction device (Linksys Router) provides services to clients (SOHO network) Configuring the DHCP server – Enter router default IP address and subnet mask for internal interface • IP = 192.168.1.1 • Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0 –On DHCP screen • check range • number of users • lease time (24 hours by default) ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 18
19.
Purpose of a
Gateway Used by the router to provide the path through which hosts on one network can communicate with hosts on a different network Default gateway address – IP address of the router interface If DHCP is being used – the DHCP server will automatically send the correct IP interface to the host to use as the default gateway ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 19
20.
Address Assignment
ISR (Integrated Services Router) Default IP address – Class C Private Address – Configured on router interface Internal hosts must be assigned addresses within the same network ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 20
21.
Address Management
Direct Connection – direct connection from PC to ISP through modem – public address assigned to the host Connection through Integrated Router – more than one host needs access to the Internet – modem connected to ISR Connection through Gateway Device – ISR and modem in one unit – connect directly to ISP ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 21
22.
Using NAT with
a Home or Small Business Network NAT (Network Address Translation) Translates private IP addresses into unique public address for Internet communication Only packets destined for different network use NAT ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 22
23.
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter
1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 23
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