3. The Cold War was one of the most
significant political events of the
20th. Century. Any crisis
precipitated by the conflicts
between the forces of capitalism
and communism could trigger a
nuclear exchange of major
proportions.
MA Rosa M. Brito
4. For over 40 years, the world was under
the constant threat of total
devastation, caught between the nuclear
arsenals of the United States, Britain
and France on the one hand, and on the
other, the Soviet Union and Communist
Republic China.
MA Rosa M. Brito
5. Cultural-artistic context of the postwar
period
•The Cold War was reflected in the artistic production of
the period: fine arts, performing arts, literature and
multimedia.
•The devastation of cultural centers in Europe created a
void in the world of art, which was filled out by the new
center for the arts: New York.
•The policies of the bipolar world led to what was considered
the essence of Americanism: Abstract Expressionism or
the New York School
MA Rosa M. Brito
6. 1940´s
World War II ends in Europe as Germany surrenders to the
Allies (U.S., Russia, Great Britain, France). The four
superpowers contested for the control of Berlin.
1945 – The Yalta Conference
marks the beginning of the Cold
War. The “Big Three”: Great
Britain´s Prime Minister
Winston Churchill, U.S.
President Franklin D.
Roosevelt, and Soviet leader
Josef Stalin, met to split the
city of Berlin into 4 sectors.
MA Rosa M. Brito
7. 1940´s
1945 – The first
Atomic Bomb is
dropped in
Hiroshima, signaling the
beginning of the
Nuclear Age
MA Rosa M. Brito
11. Letter from President John F.
Kennedy to the American
nation: "there is much you can
do to protect yourself against
the threat of nuclear fallout.”
http://faculty.txwes.edu/csmeller/HumanProspect/ProData09/03WW2CulMatrix/ColdW
ar/Kennedy/Kenn1961Life.htm
MA Rosa M. Brito
16. Japanese contribution to the science-fiction cinematography
of the 50´s and 60´s
• Creation of radioactive sea monsters (kaiju)
Godzilla, 1954
Agon, the Atomic Dragon, 1964
MA Rosa M. Brito
17. 1950´s
Arms Race:
mass
production of
nuclear
weapons on
both sides.
Distribution of
nuclear reactors
(nuclearinfo.net
http://nuclearin
fo.net/Nuclearp
ower/CurrentRe
actors
Great advances in technology
to the service of the military
ENIAC, 194
3-1945
construction
(U.S. Army
Photo)
Salyut, Soviet
military space
station program
MA Rosa M. Brito
18. 1950´s
Ideological
Propaganda
Open for
business, collage by Sally
Edelstain
“During the Cold War, the Third World was a battleground of dueling ideologies between the
U.S. and the Soviets for their loyalty.
We would “help” underdeveloped countries improve their lives and know the real joy of good
living by exporting American consumer goods so they could better resist Communist pressures.”
(Sally Edelstein Collage, American Crusaders)
MA Rosa M. Brito
19. 1950´s
1950-1953 Korean War
The Cold War was marked
by a series of crisis called
proxy, or “limited wars”.
This proxy wars were
fought in Third World
countries.
MA Rosa M. Brito
21. 1950´s
1953 – The Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, dies.
Satellite States take
advantage of the
opportunity to gain more
independence from the
USSR.
Nikita Khrushchev
1957 – The Soviets
launched the first artificial
satellite: Sputnik
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NL5xZ_hgNNI&featu
re=related
MA Rosa M. Brito
22. • United States assumes a leadership in the arts during the
Cold War. The American art expressions were financed by
the CIA through the Congress for Cultural Freedom
• In the United States emerges a new art movement: Abstract
Expressionism or the New York School.
Characteristics of Abstract Expressionism:
• The
object disappears through various levels of abstraction
(depending of the artist)
• Effect of the subconscious in the creative process of the
artist
• Spontaneity and vitality, which contrasted with the image
that Western society had of the communist
culture, impoverished by the lack of financial support and
dominated by the State.
MA Rosa M. Brito
25. Convergence, 1952
Number 1, 1950 (Lavender Mist), 1950, National
Gallery of Art, Ailsa Mellon Bruce Fund, 1976.37.1
“When I am in my painting, I'm not aware of what
I'm doing. It's only after a sort of "get
acquainted" period that I see what I have been
about. I have no fears about making
changes, destroying the image, etc., because the
painting has a life of its own.”
- quoted in Possibilities I, Winter 1947-48
Untitled, 1950
MA Rosa M. Brito
26. The Space Race
1960´s
“We have a long way to go in the space race. We started late.
But this is the new ocean, and I believe the United States
must sail on it and be in a position second to none”
President John F. Kennedy, 1962
1961 – First man into
space: cosmonaut
Yuri Gagarin
1969 - Astronauta
norteamericano, Neil
Armstrong, primer hombre en la luna
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RMINSD7MmT4MA Rosa M. Brito
29. Conceptual Art and the social phenomenon of the
counterculture
“Conceptual art is based on the concept that art may exist
solely as an idea and not in the physical realm. For advocates
of this movement, the idea of a work matters more than its
physical identity. “ World Wide Art Resources
"One and Three Chairs" by Joseph
Kossuth, 1965
Murat Suyur, digital
photographer
MA Rosa M. Brito
30. Ha Schult, Trash people
Bill Viola, Ocean without a shore, 2007
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eTakwOpWqG4
Piero Manzoni,
Artist´s Breath,
1960
Marina Abramovic, The Family III,
2008
MA Rosa M. Brito
32. Concept art for publicity and social campaigns
MA Rosa M. Brito
33. Art Object
The art object dignifies simple and everyday life objects as evidence that
art, above all, is a mental attitude that resides in the viewer. When these
objects are observed in an exhibition room, the aesthetic qualities, nor the
utilitarian qualities, are appreciated. (Tus sobras son obras, arte del
reciclaje)
Joaquin Segura , Inaugural
Address, confederate knife & Barack
Obama's Inaugural Address, 2009
photos by Aleksandra Ajdukovic
Alejo Pernigotti, Arte ObjetoLiberar la Voz, Las Ideas y La
Memoria, 2006
Pablo Reinoso, Spaghetti
Bench, 2006
MA Rosa M. Brito
34. Installation
• Creation of an autonomous space, within another space.
• Ephemeral art,;it can be recreated in other places, but never repeated.
The space determines the arrangement of objects.
• It is not a commercial work, although the objects are.
•The artist may use any means: natural materials, synthetic, digital, video,
audio, plasma, etc.
Marcel Duchamp, 16 miles of string, 1942
Ilya Kabacov, Ukranian artist, The man who flew into
space from his apartment, 1984
MA Rosa M. Brito
35. Sam
Spencer, Bloom, for the
Wrapping Project,
Cornelia Parker
Cold Dark Matter: An Exploded View, 1991
Helmut Smits, Parking for white cars only,
MA Rosa M. Brito
36. Iván Puig, artista mexicano.
hasta las narices, 2004
Materiales: VW sedan, agua, pigmento, plotter sobre
pvc, vaso de vidrio y figurillas escala, medidas variables
MA Rosa M. Brito
37. Sam Taylor Wood, Still Life, 2001, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MIzXWGcb3u0
MA Rosa M. Brito
38. Pop Art
•At the end of the 50´s and the decade of the
60´s, a reaction against the subjective character of
Abstract Expressionism takes the form of “return to
the object”.
•The images of Pop Art, or Popular Art, come from
commercial sources, mass media, and every day life
objects, with no connection to nature.
•The impact of Pop Art was due to the mundane
nature of their objects. "It uses the familiar images
in a different sense ,to achieve aesthetic position or
reach a critical stance about the consumer society."
(Spanish Arts)
MA Rosa M. Brito
41. Andy Warhol (1928-1987), American artist
Campbell´s Soup Can, 1960´s
Marilyn Monroe prints, 1960´s
MA Rosa M. Brito
42. Female head, 1950´s In the bottom of
my garden, 1956
Silver Liz, 1963
Ché Guevara, 1962
Ten Punching Bags (Last Supper), 1985
MA Rosa M. Brito
43. Roy Lichtenstein (1923-1997), American artist
Hopeless, 1963
Tin tin in
the New
World, 1993
Interior with Skyline, 1991
Women in
Bath, 1963
MA Rosa M. Brito
46. Heaven to Hell
(Pietá with
Courtney
Love), 2006
David LaChapelle (1963), American photographer
Dollhouse
disaster, love
scorned (Ewan
McGregor)
Last Supper, 2003
Destruction
and disaster,
2005
MA Rosa M. Brito
47. Op Art
•This art movement also flourished in the 60´s. In Op Art the
object is not recognizable, as a matter of fact, it is eliminated
in favor of geometric abstraction, and the experience is
exclusively a retinal one.
• The Op artist produces kinetic effects using
color, lines, shapes, or any combination of these.
Escher,
Balcony,
1945
Victor
Vasarely, animati
on
MA Rosa M. Brito
48. Victor Vasarely (1906-1997), Hungarian-French
The Zebras, 1938
Duo-2, 1967
Outdoor work in the church of Pálos in Pécs
MA Rosa M. Brito
49. The logo of the Olympic
Games in México, 1968, was
created Lance Wyman and
Eduardo Terrazas, based on
the Huichol art of the
indigenous communities, and
influenced by the Op art
MA Rosa M. Brito
50. The Olympic Games of México ´68 was one of the most
remembered worldwide, because of its innovative and
efficient communication´s visual proposal, highly influenced
by pop art.
MA Rosa M. Brito
55. PelÃÂcula de monstruos. (n.d.). Diccionarios y enciclopedias en el Akademik. Retrieved March 23, 2011, from
http://www.esacademic.com/dic.nsf/eswiki/919083
Pop Art Generation » Music - Swing. (n.d.). Pop Art Generation. Retrieved July 24, 2012, from http://www.popartgeneration.com/?cat=30
Rourke, J. T. (2004). International Politics on the World Stage (10th ed.). Boston: Mcgraw-Hill Higher Education.
Roy Lichtenstein | Hopeless, 1963. (n.d.). Lenin Imports UK - Latest CDs, Cassettes, Vinyl , Movie, Art Memorabilia In Stock - Art, Rock, Movie & Loads
More. Retrieved October 25, 2010, from http://www.leninimports.com/roy_lichtenstein_gallery_4.html
The Cold War. (n.d.). History Learning Site. Retrieved October 18, 2010, from http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/suez.htm
The Roy Lichtenstein Foundation. (n.d.). The Roy Lichtenstein Foundation. Retrieved October 25, 2010, from http://www.lichtensteinfoundation.org/
Tus sobras son obras: Arte Objeto. (n.d.). Tus sobras son obras. Retrieved October 20, 2010, from http://tusobrasonobras.blogspot.com/2008/04/arteobjeto.html
UFOTVstudios. (n.d.).
YouTube
- First Moon Landing 1969 .
YouTube
- Broadcast Yourself. . Retrieved March 24, 2011, from
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RMINSD7MmT4
Vasarely, animation. Victor Vasarely: “Op Art―.- « La Audacia de Aquiles. (n.d.). La Audacia de Aquiles. Retrieved October 25, 2010, from
http://aquileana.wordpress.com/2007/10/03/victor-vasarely/
Victor Vasarely. (n.d.). Official website of Victor Vasarely. Retrieved October 25, 2010, from http://www.vasarely.com/site/intro.htm
WWI, j. t., WWII., Korea., Vietnam., Iraq., Shock, m. c., et al. (n.d.). American Crusaders | Sally Edelstein Collage | DEFROSTING THE COLD WAR. Sally
Edelstein Collage | DEFROSTING THE COLD WAR. Retrieved July 24, 2012, from
http://www.sallyedelsteincollage.com/content.html?page=7#who%20do%20you%20trust
56. WatchMojo. (n.d.). YouTube - Bill Viola - Ocean Without A Shore YouTube - Broadcast Yourself. . Retrieved March 25, 2011, from
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cyMWn8ebItU
el ojo salvaje | Perfomance (n.d.). el ojo salvaje | Arquitectura, Diseño, Arte, TecnologÃ-a, Cultura Postindustrial
. Retrieved
October 20, 2010, from http://elojosalvaje.wordpress.com/tag/perfomance/
funknroll. (n.d.). Space-Age Futurism Fashion Mort Garson 60's
. YouTube - Broadcast Yourself. . Retrieved October 20, 2010, from
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AA4qGc2z-rs
gebitom. (n.d.). Barefoot Gen- Hiroshima Destroyed YouTube - Broadcast Yourself. . Retrieved October 18, 2010, from
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nCHbF9lG3lE
sheriffharry. (n.d.). Lost in Space Premiere Promo - CBS - 1965 .
YouTube
- Broadcast Yourself. . Retrieved October 20, 2010, from
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YXR5Lap4EFY
shonokin. (n.d.). YouTube - Agon The Atomic Dragon - Opening Title YouTube - Broadcast Yourself. . Retrieved March 23, 2011, from
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wD_qtGWw_Xc
sonicbomb. (n.d.). Dailymotion - The Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima - a News & Politics video. Dailymotion - Online Videos, Music, and Movies. Watch a
Video Today!. Retrieved March 22, 2011, from http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x2p5hm_the-atomic-bombing-of-hiroshima_news
APA formatting by BibMe.org.
