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Ken Ronkowitz
There's An      NJIT, PCCC
 App For
   That:
Educating
in an App
  World
Are you using:
       Cell Phone
       Blackberry
       iPhone or Android
       Kindle or other eReader
       iPad or other tablet
       Using an eTextbook
       Using an app in class
1999 = Blackberry
2004 = RSS, blogs, Web 2.0
2005 = podcasts, iTunes
2006 = Video & vlog, Twitter, Google Apps
2007 = iPhone, Kindle
2008 = iPhone App Store, Android phone
2010 = augmented reality, location-based apps, iPad
2011 = cloud computing
Disruption
    What has changed?
3 Waves of apps in education
    Pedagogical change
  What is down the road?
• Disruptive innovation - coined by
  Clayton Christensen
• The process by which a product or
  service takes root initially in simple
  applications at the bottom of a market
  and then relentlessly moves “up
  market’” eventually displacing
  established competitors.
• Examples of disruptive innovation
   – cellular phones disrupting fixed line
     telephony
   – traditional full-service department stores
     being disrupted by online and discount
     retailers
   – Doctor’s offices being displaced by medical
     clinics
   – The traditional four-year college
     experience being displaced by community
     colleges, online learning and 
Disruptive Education
• Companies tend to innovate faster than their
  customers’ lives change - newer phones but
  customers who don't want to upgrade yet -
  and so most end up producing products or
  services that are actually too good and too
  expensive for many of their customers.
But the model for education….
• In education, customers/students innovate
  faster than the schools. They have the
  technology in their hands before we have it
  and before we have a way to use it in our
  classrooms. So…
  are schools offering an inferior product for too
  high a price?
What Is Changing?
• how students use technology
• the way colleges design or purchase
  websites and software
• how colleges deploy software
• the ways educators can implement it for
  teaching
• how colleges use it for campus-wide initiatives
• And apps are driving the ways they are
  changing.
• Is change easy? Is it being accepted?
• "This 'telephone' has too many shortcomings to be seriously
  considered as a means of communication. The device is
  inherently of no value to us."
  -- Western Union internal memo circa 1876
• "I have anticipated radio's complete disappearance ... confident
  that the unfortunate people who must now subdue themselves to
  listening in, will soon find a better pastime for their leisure."
  -- Science fiction author H.G. Wells circa 1925
• "Television won't be able to hold on to any market it captures
  after the first six months. People will soon get tired of staring at a
  plywood box every night."
  -- Film mogul Darryl F. Zanuck of 20th Century Fox, in 1946
• "The cinema is little more than a fad. It's canned drama. What
  audiences really want to see is flesh and blood on the stage."
  -- Charlie Chaplin circa 1916
• "There is no reason for any individual to have a computer in his
  home."
  -- Ken Olson, founder of Digital Equipment Corp., circa 1977.
Web versus Mobile Apps




http://blog.flurry.com/bid/63907/Mobile-Apps-Put-the-Web-in-Their-Rear-view-Mirror
What are we doing with apps?
What Has Changed?
Software Distribution
• App Store = vertical integration, tied to selling
  hardware, a 30/70% split, tight control, and
  centralized
• But big & small developers can profit
• Android Market = more “open”, less control,
  hardware fragmentation
Expectations
• Easy downloads, updates, removal
• Free or low cost (if it’s cheap enough, users
    won’t steal it; defeats the “sneaker network”)

• A mobile/iPad version
• Backup (cloud)
• Always on/connected
• Don’t want single-function
  gadgets (app stores for TVs, Ford cars…)
• Live in public – share information
Devices are changing
• What is a “computer”?
• What size screen do we want to
  watch “TV”?
• How many devices do we want?
  – One!
• Where do we want the Net?
  – Windows 8, Phone 7, XBOX, Metro
    UI
• Do schools provide the hardware,
  software or the network?
App Development
• Then: Get an app
• Now: Make it good
• Multiple versions 11 Android OS versions - Still
  an Apple/Android/PC divide Will the cloud solve that?
• Fast and light
• UX - User experience is critical
• Apps on appliances, consumer
  electronics, kiosks,
  checkouts, medical, eReaders,
  cars…
TOP 100
  Paid
 Apps

What does
 this say
about app
  use?
    In
education?
Apps
For Education and In Education
Wave 1
Adoption
Mathboard
XanEdu iPad App
http://www2.xanedu.com/ipad-app-features
Blackboard Mobile Learn
http://www.cengagesites.com/academic/?site=5232

“MindTap is well beyond an eBook, a homework solution or
digital supplement, a resource center website, a course delivery
platform or a Learning Management System.

More than 70% of students surveyed said it was unlike
anything they have seen before.

MindTap is a new personal learning experience that combines all
your digital assets – readings, multimedia, activities, and
assessments— into a singular learning path to improve student
outcomes.”
Wave 2   Adaption
USING Apps in
  Education
Mobile is more than phones…
         Tablets and iPads




     apple.com/education/ipad/
• More visual content
            • More sophisticated
Designing     swipe/pinch & navigation
 for the    • More interactivity
  tablet
              The Elements: A Visual Exploration
Pedagogical Change
There's an App for That: Educating in an App World
“My Teacher Is An App”
 http://online.wsj.com
“My Teacher Is An App” online.wsj.com


    “Apps” are not online
  courses or virtual schools

“In a radical rethinking of what it means to
go to school, states and districts nationwide
are launching online public schools that let
students from kindergarten to 12th grade
take some—or all—of their classes from
their bedrooms, living rooms and kitchens.
Other states and districts are bringing
students into brick-and-mortar schools for
instruction that is largely computer-based
and self-directed.”
Are apps driving curriculum or
is curriculum driving app development?
“For this invention will produce
                     forgetfulness in the minds of
                     those who learn to use it,
                     because they will not practice
                     their memory.
                   You have invented an elixir not of
                     memory, but of reminding; and
                     you offer your pupils the
                     appearance of wisdom, not true
                     wisdom, for they will read many
 Socrates on the     things without instruction and
  written word,      will therefore seem to know
                     many things, when they are for
Phaedrus, 340 BC     the most part ignorant and hard
                     to get along with, since they are
                     not wise, but only appear wise.”
Disruption?
Student response
systems (clickers)
being displaced by
mobile devices.
Hardware once
sold bundled with
textbooks by
publishers now
sold as…
apps by those
same publishers.
Wave 3 Creation
Colleges Create
Early Use             Developing
After adopting & adapting   • Parking & events using
  commercial apps…            GPS
• (RE)creating campus       • Doing research in the
  maps & recruiting           field
  materials                 • Software developed
• Schedules                   specifically for a course,
• Homework                    school, program
• Grades
• Registration
Do Schools Need To Develop Their Own Apps?
     To predict the future, you need to know the past

• Look back to the development
  of
  – educational software
  – school websites
• Are your school websites even
  ready for mobile, phones,
  tablets…? Do they support
  swipe, pinch, HTML 5, no Flash
  etc.
LIBRARY
Libraries
    APP
•   Locations, hours
•   Computer availability
•   Catalog search
•   Reference services
    – Not just “resizing the
      page”
The myRV mobile
application for Raritan
Valley Community
College gives you access
to: Classes, Grades,
Campus Directory, News,
Event Schedule, Library,
FaceBook, Campus Map,
and more

developed by CollegeMobile, Inc.
“iPhone apps: The hottest course on campus”
http://money.cnn.com/2010/05/19/technology/
  apps_campus_classes.fortune/ 
“Porter says the challenge of smartphones is to treat them as more than
    small computers and to harness their mobile capacity. "The device
    always knows where it is," he says. So, for example, his students are
    working on an app called I Remember UMD that would create an
    ongoing time capsule as you move about the campus.”
    money.cnn.com/2010/05/19/technology/apps_campus_classes.fortune




Two NJIT students released an iPhone app that ascended to Apple’s
15th best-selling app in the Reference category at $1.99. The app,
called Quotebook, allows people to store, sort, and share quotations
on the iPhone and iPod touch. That app got them jobs – designing
aps for The New York Times…
adultlearner.njit.edu/admissions/prospective/iphone_online.php
Taking Advantage of…




    Social Media
Mobile Learning Features
         + Apps
Microblogging has grown in the past few years because of mobile
                         Microblogging platforms
                    and location services -
             real-time interactions between users




                                  photo: http://www.heikkironkko.com/images/yolehti_jaiku.jpg
Who Should Be Microblogging?
• Communications
• Recruiting
• Athletics
  – Programs
  – Courses
    • faculty
Location Awareness

• Now: campus tours, events, social…
• Next: field work, archaeology, surveying, civil
  engineering…
What’s next?
• Voice-powered artificial
  intelligence (AI) like Siri
  and Google Voice are
  shaping up to become
  the next-generation
  user interface.
• Siri is a personal assistant application
  for iOS. The application uses natural
  language processing to answer
  questions, make recommendations,
  and perform actions such as search
  by delegating requests to an
  expanding set of web services.
                                             Siri on iPhone 4S
Back to TV?
Maybe the
convergence
device won’t be
the phone… back
to big screens?



From Steve Jobs by Walter Isaacson: “I'd like to create an integrated
television set that is completely easy to use. It would be seamlessly synced
with all of your devices and with iCloud. No longer would users have to
fiddle with complex remotes for DVD players and cable channels. It will
have the simplest user interface you could imagine. I finally cracked it.”
The Death of the Desktop?
• Google's European Chief John Herlihy: "in three
  years' time, [desktop computers] will be irrelevant."
• Because of the ever-increasing sophistication and
  worldwide popularity of smartphones and other
  mobile devices
   – In Japan, those accessing via mobile phones eclipsed
     computer-Internet users in 2009
• The death card syndrome and killer apps – death of
  the land line, laptop, iPod, mouse, monitor…
   – The iPhone or iPad doesn’t replace the computer – in fact, it needs it.
And so…
• Schools are not ready, as        http://www.educause.edu
                                         March/April 2011
  always, and lag behind many
  students’ use, understanding,
  interest, and expectations for
  technology.
• We need better goals than
  “to use new technology”
• Mobile & apps will be the
  ubiquitous computing
• The digital divide is between
  students and faculty.
Ken Ronkowitz
kenneth.ronkowitz@njit.edu
   http://ronkowitz.com

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There's an App for That: Educating in an App World

  • 1. Ken Ronkowitz There's An NJIT, PCCC App For That: Educating in an App World
  • 2. Are you using: Cell Phone Blackberry iPhone or Android Kindle or other eReader iPad or other tablet Using an eTextbook Using an app in class 1999 = Blackberry 2004 = RSS, blogs, Web 2.0 2005 = podcasts, iTunes 2006 = Video & vlog, Twitter, Google Apps 2007 = iPhone, Kindle 2008 = iPhone App Store, Android phone 2010 = augmented reality, location-based apps, iPad 2011 = cloud computing
  • 3. Disruption What has changed? 3 Waves of apps in education Pedagogical change What is down the road?
  • 4. • Disruptive innovation - coined by Clayton Christensen • The process by which a product or service takes root initially in simple applications at the bottom of a market and then relentlessly moves “up market’” eventually displacing established competitors. • Examples of disruptive innovation – cellular phones disrupting fixed line telephony – traditional full-service department stores being disrupted by online and discount retailers – Doctor’s offices being displaced by medical clinics – The traditional four-year college experience being displaced by community colleges, online learning and 
  • 5. Disruptive Education • Companies tend to innovate faster than their customers’ lives change - newer phones but customers who don't want to upgrade yet - and so most end up producing products or services that are actually too good and too expensive for many of their customers. But the model for education…. • In education, customers/students innovate faster than the schools. They have the technology in their hands before we have it and before we have a way to use it in our classrooms. So… are schools offering an inferior product for too high a price?
  • 6. What Is Changing? • how students use technology • the way colleges design or purchase websites and software • how colleges deploy software • the ways educators can implement it for teaching • how colleges use it for campus-wide initiatives • And apps are driving the ways they are changing. • Is change easy? Is it being accepted?
  • 7. • "This 'telephone' has too many shortcomings to be seriously considered as a means of communication. The device is inherently of no value to us." -- Western Union internal memo circa 1876 • "I have anticipated radio's complete disappearance ... confident that the unfortunate people who must now subdue themselves to listening in, will soon find a better pastime for their leisure." -- Science fiction author H.G. Wells circa 1925 • "Television won't be able to hold on to any market it captures after the first six months. People will soon get tired of staring at a plywood box every night." -- Film mogul Darryl F. Zanuck of 20th Century Fox, in 1946 • "The cinema is little more than a fad. It's canned drama. What audiences really want to see is flesh and blood on the stage." -- Charlie Chaplin circa 1916 • "There is no reason for any individual to have a computer in his home." -- Ken Olson, founder of Digital Equipment Corp., circa 1977.
  • 8. Web versus Mobile Apps http://blog.flurry.com/bid/63907/Mobile-Apps-Put-the-Web-in-Their-Rear-view-Mirror
  • 9. What are we doing with apps?
  • 11. Software Distribution • App Store = vertical integration, tied to selling hardware, a 30/70% split, tight control, and centralized • But big & small developers can profit • Android Market = more “open”, less control, hardware fragmentation
  • 12. Expectations • Easy downloads, updates, removal • Free or low cost (if it’s cheap enough, users won’t steal it; defeats the “sneaker network”) • A mobile/iPad version • Backup (cloud) • Always on/connected • Don’t want single-function gadgets (app stores for TVs, Ford cars…) • Live in public – share information
  • 13. Devices are changing • What is a “computer”? • What size screen do we want to watch “TV”? • How many devices do we want? – One! • Where do we want the Net? – Windows 8, Phone 7, XBOX, Metro UI • Do schools provide the hardware, software or the network?
  • 14. App Development • Then: Get an app • Now: Make it good • Multiple versions 11 Android OS versions - Still an Apple/Android/PC divide Will the cloud solve that? • Fast and light • UX - User experience is critical • Apps on appliances, consumer electronics, kiosks, checkouts, medical, eReaders, cars…
  • 15. TOP 100 Paid Apps What does this say about app use? In education?
  • 16. Apps For Education and In Education
  • 21. http://www.cengagesites.com/academic/?site=5232 “MindTap is well beyond an eBook, a homework solution or digital supplement, a resource center website, a course delivery platform or a Learning Management System. More than 70% of students surveyed said it was unlike anything they have seen before. MindTap is a new personal learning experience that combines all your digital assets – readings, multimedia, activities, and assessments— into a singular learning path to improve student outcomes.”
  • 22. Wave 2 Adaption
  • 23. USING Apps in Education
  • 24. Mobile is more than phones… Tablets and iPads apple.com/education/ipad/
  • 25. • More visual content • More sophisticated Designing swipe/pinch & navigation for the • More interactivity tablet The Elements: A Visual Exploration
  • 28. “My Teacher Is An App” http://online.wsj.com
  • 29. “My Teacher Is An App” online.wsj.com “Apps” are not online courses or virtual schools “In a radical rethinking of what it means to go to school, states and districts nationwide are launching online public schools that let students from kindergarten to 12th grade take some—or all—of their classes from their bedrooms, living rooms and kitchens. Other states and districts are bringing students into brick-and-mortar schools for instruction that is largely computer-based and self-directed.”
  • 30. Are apps driving curriculum or is curriculum driving app development?
  • 31. “For this invention will produce forgetfulness in the minds of those who learn to use it, because they will not practice their memory. You have invented an elixir not of memory, but of reminding; and you offer your pupils the appearance of wisdom, not true wisdom, for they will read many Socrates on the things without instruction and written word, will therefore seem to know many things, when they are for Phaedrus, 340 BC the most part ignorant and hard to get along with, since they are not wise, but only appear wise.”
  • 32. Disruption? Student response systems (clickers) being displaced by mobile devices. Hardware once sold bundled with textbooks by publishers now sold as… apps by those same publishers.
  • 35. Early Use Developing After adopting & adapting • Parking & events using commercial apps… GPS • (RE)creating campus • Doing research in the maps & recruiting field materials • Software developed • Schedules specifically for a course, • Homework school, program • Grades • Registration
  • 36. Do Schools Need To Develop Their Own Apps? To predict the future, you need to know the past • Look back to the development of – educational software – school websites • Are your school websites even ready for mobile, phones, tablets…? Do they support swipe, pinch, HTML 5, no Flash etc.
  • 38. Locations, hours • Computer availability • Catalog search • Reference services – Not just “resizing the page”
  • 39. The myRV mobile application for Raritan Valley Community College gives you access to: Classes, Grades, Campus Directory, News, Event Schedule, Library, FaceBook, Campus Map, and more developed by CollegeMobile, Inc.
  • 40. “iPhone apps: The hottest course on campus” http://money.cnn.com/2010/05/19/technology/ apps_campus_classes.fortune/ 
  • 41. “Porter says the challenge of smartphones is to treat them as more than small computers and to harness their mobile capacity. "The device always knows where it is," he says. So, for example, his students are working on an app called I Remember UMD that would create an ongoing time capsule as you move about the campus.” money.cnn.com/2010/05/19/technology/apps_campus_classes.fortune Two NJIT students released an iPhone app that ascended to Apple’s 15th best-selling app in the Reference category at $1.99. The app, called Quotebook, allows people to store, sort, and share quotations on the iPhone and iPod touch. That app got them jobs – designing aps for The New York Times… adultlearner.njit.edu/admissions/prospective/iphone_online.php
  • 42. Taking Advantage of… Social Media
  • 44. Microblogging has grown in the past few years because of mobile Microblogging platforms and location services - real-time interactions between users photo: http://www.heikkironkko.com/images/yolehti_jaiku.jpg
  • 45. Who Should Be Microblogging? • Communications • Recruiting • Athletics – Programs – Courses • faculty
  • 46. Location Awareness • Now: campus tours, events, social… • Next: field work, archaeology, surveying, civil engineering…
  • 48. • Voice-powered artificial intelligence (AI) like Siri and Google Voice are shaping up to become the next-generation user interface. • Siri is a personal assistant application for iOS. The application uses natural language processing to answer questions, make recommendations, and perform actions such as search by delegating requests to an expanding set of web services. Siri on iPhone 4S
  • 49. Back to TV? Maybe the convergence device won’t be the phone… back to big screens? From Steve Jobs by Walter Isaacson: “I'd like to create an integrated television set that is completely easy to use. It would be seamlessly synced with all of your devices and with iCloud. No longer would users have to fiddle with complex remotes for DVD players and cable channels. It will have the simplest user interface you could imagine. I finally cracked it.”
  • 50. The Death of the Desktop? • Google's European Chief John Herlihy: "in three years' time, [desktop computers] will be irrelevant." • Because of the ever-increasing sophistication and worldwide popularity of smartphones and other mobile devices – In Japan, those accessing via mobile phones eclipsed computer-Internet users in 2009 • The death card syndrome and killer apps – death of the land line, laptop, iPod, mouse, monitor… – The iPhone or iPad doesn’t replace the computer – in fact, it needs it.
  • 51. And so… • Schools are not ready, as http://www.educause.edu March/April 2011 always, and lag behind many students’ use, understanding, interest, and expectations for technology. • We need better goals than “to use new technology” • Mobile & apps will be the ubiquitous computing • The digital divide is between students and faculty.