The document summarizes the cell cycle and the process of mitosis. It describes the cell cycle as the regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo, consisting of interphase and mitosis. Interphase is broken down into G1, S, and G2 phases where the cell grows and duplicates its DNA. Mitosis then follows, separating the duplicated chromosomes into two identical daughter cells over four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Cytokinesis concludes the process, dividing the cytoplasm to form the two new daughter cells.

1. Notes Module #1 pages 17-19
Cell Cycle and Mitosis
Cell cycle – a regular , timed
sequence of events of cell
growth and division through
which dividing cells pass.

2. Note: Cell Theory
All organisms are made of
cells
All cells come from pre-
existing cells

3. Why is cell division
(reproduction) needed:
•to grow,
•to repair injuries, and
•to replace dead/dying
cells.

4. Parts of the Cell Cycle:
1. Interphase
 The part of the cell cycle that
occurs before mitosis.
 90% of time a cell is in this
phase

5. Parts of the Cell Cycle:
1. Interphase
 there is no distinguishable
chromosomes,
 Genetic material is called
chromatin

6. Phases of interphase:
G1 phase:
period prior to the synthesis of
DNA
the cell increases in mass in
preparation for cell division
The G in G1 represents gap and
the 1 represents first, so the G1
phase is the first gap phase.

7. Phases of interphase:
S phase:
The period during which DNA
is replicated or synthesized.
The S represents synthesis.

8. Phases of interphase:
G2 phase:
After DNA synthesis but prior
to the start of prophase
Cell synthesizes proteins and
continues to increase in size
Second (2) gap (G)

9. Parts of the Cell Cycle:
1. Interphase
2. Mitosis - the process in which
a eukaryotic cell separates the
chromosomes in its cell nucleus
into two identical sets in two
daughter nuclei.

10. Four phases of mitosis:
Phase 1: Prophase
chromosomes become visible
 the nuclear membrane
disappears
centrioles duplicate/spindles
form

11. Four phases of mitosis:
Phase 1: Prophase

12. Phase 2: Metaphase
 chromosomes reach the
equatorial plane (middle)
 microtubules attach at same
place the sister chromosomes are
attached
and the microtubules begin to
pull chromosomes

13. Metaphase

14. Phase 3: Anaphase
 microtubules go to work like a
tugboat, pulling each pair of
chromosomes apart toward
opposite ends of the cell

15. Phase 3: Anaphase

16.  Phase 4: Telophase
 Chromosomes are now at
opposite ends of the cell
 A nuclear membrane forms
around each set of
chromosomes

17.  Phase 4: Telophase


18. Parts of the Cell Cycle:
1. Interphase
2. Mitosis
3. Cytokinesis
 division of the cell's cytoplasm
begins prior to the end of mitosis
and completes shortly after
telophase/mitosis
At the end of cytokinesis, there are
two distinct daughter cells.

20. Figure 3.15