There are three main types of joints in the body: fibrous joints, cartilaginous joints, and synovial joints. Fibrous joints are immovable, cartilaginous joints allow slight movement, and synovial joints allow free movement. There are six types of synovial joints including ball and socket, hinge, saddle, ellipsoid, pivot, and gliding joints. Synovial joints contain synovial fluid and are surrounded by a fibrous capsule. Key terms are used to describe body positions, planes, and types of movement including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and others.
2. Three types of Joints
A. Fibrous joint or Synarthrosis –
immovable to slightly moveable
• Two adjacent edges separated with a
small amount of fibrous tissue or a thin
layer of cartilage
Examples
1. Skull – joints called sutures
3. Three types of Joints
A. Fibrous joint or Synarthrosis – immovable to slightly moveable
• Two adjacent edges separate with a small amount of fibrous tissue or a thin layer of cartilage
Examples
1. Skull – joints called sutures
2. Gomphosis – tooth joins its bony socket
4. Three types of Joints
A. Fibrous joint or Synarthrosis – immovable to slightly moveable
• Two adjacent edges separate with a small amount of fibrous tissue or a thin layer of cartilage
Examples
1. Skull – joints called sutures
2. Gomphosis – tooth joins its bony socket
3. Syndesmosis – joint of ulna and radius
where slightly movable.
5. Three types of Joints
A. Fibrous joint or Synarthrosis
B. Cartilaginous joints or Amphiarthrosis
Two adjacent bones are separated by a
substantial amount of fibrocartilage or hyaline
which gives them mobility
Slightly movable
Examples
1. Vertebrae with disk cartilage
6. Three types of Joints
A. Fibrous joint or Synarthrosis
B. Cartilaginous joints or Amphiarthrosis
Two adjacent bones are separated by a substantial amount of fibrocartilage or hyaline which
gives them mobility
Examples
Vertebrae with disk cartilage
2. Pubic symphysis – pubic portions of pelvic
bone
7. Three types of Joints
A. Fibrous joint or Synarthrosis
B. Cartilaginous joints or Amphiarthrosis
Two adjacent bones are separated by a substantial amount of fibrocartilage or hyaline which
gives them mobility
Examples
1. Vertebrae with disk cartilage
2. Pubic symphysis – pubic portions of pelvic bone
3. Sacroiliac joint – where sacrum joins the
illium
8. c. Synovial joints or Diarthrosis
Freely movable
There are 6 kinds of synovial joints
Characteristic – ends of bones
covered with articular cartilage
9. c. Synovial joints or Diathrosis
Freely movable
There are 6 kinds of synovial joints
Characteristic – ends of bones covered with articular cartilage
Anatomy of the Synovial Joint
Joint is surrounded by an outer joint capsule
called the fibrous capsule which is an
extension of the periosteum which forms
ligaments.
10. Anatomy of the Synovial Joint
Joint is surrounded by an outer joint capsule called the fibrous capsule which is an
extension of the periosteum which forms ligaments
Bursa = articular capsule extends way beyond
the joint and is filled with fluid to cushion
Bursitis = inflammation of the bursa
11. Anatomy of the Synovial Joint
Synovial Membrane – inner membrane that
produces the synovial fluid which is a
slipper liquid to reduce friction
12. Six major types of synovial joints:
1. Ball and socket joint:
Has most freedom of movement
can move in all directions and
also rotate
Example – hip and shoulder
13.
14. Six major types of synovial joints:
1. Ball and socket joint
2. Hinge joint
The convex surface of one bone
fits into the concave surface of
another
Permits movement in one
plane only
Ex. Elbow, phalanges, knee
15.
16. Six major types of synovial joints:
1. Ball and socket joint
2. Hinge joint
3.Saddle joint
Both bones have articulating concave
and convex regions
One bone fits the complementary
surface of the other
Variety of movement in two planes, all
but rotation
Examples: Carpal and Metacarpel of
thumb
More motion than hinge, less ball/socket
17.
18. Six major types of synovial joints:
1. Ball and socket joint
2. Hinge joint
3. Saddle joint
4. Ellipsoid
Ovoid condyle of one bone fits into the
elliptical cavity of another
Movement forward and backwards,
left and right, but no rotation
Ex. Metacarpals to phalanges,
mandible to temporal bone
19.
20. Six major types of synovial joints:
1. Ball and socket joint
2. Hinge joint
3. Saddle joint
4. Ellipsoid
5. Pivot
The cylindrical surface of one bone
rotates within a ring of bone and
fibrous tissue of a ligament
Permits rotational movement only
Ex. Atlas and axis of neck and radius
and ulna
21.
22. Six major types of synovial joints:
1. Ball and socket joint
2. Hinge joint
3. Saddle joint
4. Ellipsoid
5. Pivot
6. Gliding
The articulating surfaces are flat or
nearly curved.
Allows bones to move a little bit in all
directions by sliding over each other.
Ex. Wrist, ankle, vertebra
24. Anatomical terms:
Anatomical position – the body is
assumed to be standing, the feet together,
the arms to the side, and the head and
eyes and palms of the hands facing
forwards.
Anterior = front
Posterior = back
25. Motion and terms of motion:
Midline – imaginary line that runs down
center of the body
Midsagital plane – runs through the body
at the midline
Lateral – way from the midline
Medial – toward the midline
27. Terms of Movement of joints:
Extension – straighten joint –
increasing the angle between the two
bones
Flexion – decreasing the angle
between the two bones
29. Movement of joints
Plantar flexion –movement of the ankle
so that you can stand on your toes.
Dorsiflexion – movement of the ankle to
decrease the angle between your foot
and tibia.
30.
31. Terms of Movement of joints
Abduction - moving body part
away from the midline of the body
Adduction – moving the body part
toward the midline of the body
32.
33. Terms of Movement of joints :
Circumduction – circular rotation of a ball
and socket joint
34. :
Terms of Movement of joints
Rotation – movement in which a body
part moves about an axis
Medial rotation – rotation towards the
midline
Lateral rotation – rotation away from
the midline
35.
36. Movement of joints :
Pronation - rotating the palm of the hand
backward or opposite the anatomical
position
Supination – rotating the palm of the hand
forward or into anatomical position