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              COMMUNICATI ON TECHNOLOGI
INFORMATION
               ICT A ND DISASTER
                 M ANAGEMENT
• ‘Disaster’, means ‘bad star’ in Latin.
                   ICT & DISASTER

    ’a social crisis situation occurring when a physical phenomenon
of natural, socio-natural or anthropogenic origin negatively impacts
vulnerable populations causing intense, serious and widespread
disruption of the normal functioning of the affected social unit.'

Need       for

The Asia-
ICT

Pacific is
among the
most disaster
prone regions
in the world.
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
        CYCLE
characterized by profound damage to the human society
Disaster phase
human life, loss of property, environment & health


Ambulances and medical personnel arrive
Response phase
remove the injured for transportation to medical camps or
hospitals

provide first aid and life support
immediate medical help, food, clothing and shelter


•victims actually realize the impact of disaster
Recovery phase
•perceive the meaning of the loss

•need intensive mental support so as to facilitate
recovery
•Rehabilitation
•need for certain measures - needed to reduce the
Risk reduction phase
extent or impact of damage during the next similar
disaster

•Tsunami
   ‘green belt’- a thick stretch of trees adjacent to the coast
line

•Mitigation - making the impact less severe


•development of awareness
Preparedness phase

•education on warning signs of disasters

•methods of safe and successful evacuation

•first aid measures.
Channels              Used          for        Disaster
         Warning
* Radio and Television
        Effectiveness of these two media is high because the tele-density is
relatively low, they can be used to spread a warning quickly to a broad
population.
Drawbacks: Effectiveness reduced at night, when they are normally
switched off.
Advantage: Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004, radio manufacturers considered
 introducing new digital radio alert systems.

* Telephone (Fixed and Mobile)
•Nallavadu in Pondicherry. Telephone call saved the village’s population
of 3,600 inhabitants & three neighboring villages
•M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation’s Information Village Research
Project. Vijayakumar, a former project volunteer working in Singapore
• ‘Telephone trees’
• An individual represents a ‘node’ in a telephone tree
Drawbacks:
• Rural and coastal areas, is still not satisfactory.
• Phone lines that occurs immediately before and during
a disaster, resulting in many phone calls in that vital
period that cannot be completed.
*Short Message Service
• 2005 Hurricane Katrina disaster in the US
• SMS more easily when the network was functional.
• Voice calls in that one message can be sent to a group
simultaneously.

*Cell Broadcasting
• A public warning message sent to all mobiles with any
group of cells of any size to the whole country.
•CDMA, D-AMPS, GSM and UMTS phones have this
capability.
Channels              Used          for        Disaster
         Warning
Advantages:
• No cost to implement cell broadcasting.
• Not affected by traffic load
• Cell broadcasting is geo-scalable, millions of people across continents
within a minute.
• It is geo-specific, avoid panic and road jamming.

Disadvantage:
• That not every user may be able to read a text message when they
receive it.

Pioneers:
The Dutch Government already started the operations with the operators
KPN, Telfort and Vodafone with government use.
*Satellite Radio
• Digital radio that receives signals, which covers a wider
geographical range than terrestrial radio signals.

• Functions anywhere there is line of sight between the
antenna and the satellite, no major obstructions such as
tunnels or buildings.

• Satellite radio audiences can follow a single channel
regardless of location within a given range & can play a key
role during both disaster warning and disaster recovery
phases.

Advantages:
• Ability to work even outside of areas not covered by
normal radio channels.

• Transmission towers of the normal radio station are
damaged in a disaster.
* Internet/Email
• Penetration within a community and usage by
professionals such as first responders, coordinating bodies,
etc.

• 5 percent of the population uses the Internet and even
those who are users do not use it on a regular basis.

• A new proposal for using the Internet to quickly warn
large numbers of people of impending emergencies is
currently being drafted by the Internet Engineering Task
Force.
* Amateur and Community Radio
• When traditional communications infrastructure breaks
down, amateur radio operators transmit emergency.
messages on voice mode about the well-being of survivors.

•Indian Ocean tsunami - amateur radio operators were the
critical link between the islands and the Indian mainland.
• Amateur radio broadcasters are authorized to
communicate on high frequency (HF), very high
frequency (VHF), ultra high frequency (UHF) or all three
bands of the radio spectrum.
* Pactor
• Airmail as email client and Winlink2000 as network on
shortwave

• User can address any valid email address worldwide
through hf-radio and winlink.

• The effectiveness of this medium is being tested through a
disaster warning system implemented by Sarvodaya, the
most widespread NGO in Sri Lanka.

 Major radio communications services involved in
 Disaster phases are Meteorological services
 Amateur services, Broadcasting services, Mobile
 services, Fixed services.
Channel         Benefits               Challenges
Radio & TV      Widespread             Takes time to get the
                                       warnings
                                       Limited use at night
Telephone(fixed Messages delivered     Problems of
mobile)         quickly                authenticity
                                       Does not reach non-
                                       users
                                       congestion
SMS             Quick                  Congestion
                Messages can be sent   Does not reach non-
                to groups              users
                                       Local language
                                       problems
Cell            No congestion          Does not reach non-
broadcasting                           users
                Can address a group
                simultaneously         Local language
                                       problems
Satellite radio   High reach ability      Cannot be used to
                                          educate masses
                                          Only good for specific
                                          points
Internet or e-    Interactive             Not widespread
mail
                Multiple sources can be
                checked for accuracy of
                information
Amateur /       Excellent for rural poor Not widespread
community radio and remote
                                         People lose interest if
                communities
                                         used only in case of
                                         disaster
Siren           Can be used even at      Maintenance of
                night                    systems cannot
                                         disseminate a detailed
                Good in rural areas
                                         message
GIS      for                         DM
                  Planning
Events: It forecasts, receives, records and provide scope for future use of
information about Hurricane wind, storm surge, earthquake, chemical
release, reactor release, weapons of mass destruction, wild fire.

Communication links: It provides communication through internet,
landlines and satellite

Databases: The huge and immense information including Population,
housing, business, topography, geology, Infrastructure, structural
vulnerability is stockpiled.

Ground truth: Imagery and aerial photography of the venue, victim and
intensity of the disaster are shot down and disseminated through the
above said communication links.
Web    Portal            for     DM
         Response
Missing Person Registry: Helping Families Find Each
Other

Organization Registry & Volunteer coordination :
Coordinating All Aid Groups and Helping Them to Operate
Effectively As One

Camps Registry: Capturing the Location of All Temporary
Camps and Shelters

Request Management System: Effectively Utilization

Inventory Management: Keeps track of inventories at a
high enough granularity to account for the chaotic transfer
of goods and aid.
Disaster Risk Reduction
Role of Information and Knowledge
“Knowledge management is all about getting the right
knowledge, in the right place, at the right time”

• information about disaster preparedness, dos’ and don’ts
in emergency, disaster management plans, policies and
guidelines

• lack of adequate coping mechanisms
not getting transformed into the life saving knowledge for
the communities at risk.

• to enhance the information sharing and management of
the knowledge generated in these institutions - closely knit
the organizations/institutions and moreover people

• create a common platform – enable to capture, organize,
share and reuse the knowledge
Creating an             Environment              for      Knowledge
Management
collaborative platform which is in the form of an electronic platform will
facilitate interaction among the program partners.

Connecting the program partners:
• Disaster Management practitioners in State Government Disaster
Management        Departments of 35 States/UTs.

• National Programme for Capacity Building of Engineers for Earthquake
Risk Management (NPCBEERM) involving 11 National Resource
Institutions(NRIs) and around 125 State Resource Institutions (SRIs) in
all 35 States/ UTs.

• National Programme for Capacity Building of Architects for Earthquake
Risk Management (NPCBAERM) involving 7 NRIs and around 110
Colleges in all 35 States/ Uts
Indian road map to ICT in Disaster Manageme

    Under the Ministry of Home Affairs, GOI-UNDP (United
    Nations Development Programme)

    National Disaster Risk Management programme, Knowledge
    Networking

    an initiative to establish networks and partnership among

    •prime government agencies

    •policy makers

    •disaster managers

    •specialists from allied fields of engineering, architecture,
    planning, seismology, hydrology, agriculture and social
    science - to reduce the risk of disaster
covering institutional mechanisms, disaster prevention
  strategy, early warning system, disaster mitigation,
  preparedness and response and human resource
  development


Computerized monitoring system - daily water levels as
Communication tools

 observed at 0800 hrs. and forecasts issued by field units are
 transmitted to CWC headquarters in New Delhi

data received from field divisions:
• Special Yellow Bulletins - whenever the river stage at
  the forecasting site - a level within 0.50 m of its previous
  HFL

• Red Bulletins highlighting security of the problem - the
  water level at the forecasting stations equals/exceeds
  previous HFL

• Bulletins are also updated on CWC Web site:
An accelerated urban earthquake vulnerability reduction
Workshops

programme has been taken up in 38 cities in seismic zones III,
IV & V with population of half a million

Sensitization workshop for engineers/architects, government
functionaries and voluntary organizations have already been
held in 36 of the 38 cities
             Disaster Risk Management
•need to ensure sustainability of the programme
                    Programme
•development of training modules, manuals and codes

•up-scaling partnerships in excellence
•focused attention to awareness generation campaigns

•Institutionalization of disaster management committees and
disaster management teams, disaster management plans and
mock-drills and establishment of techno-legal regimes
MHA has compiled a set of resource materials developed by
Capacity Building & Awareness Generation

 various organizations to be replicated and disseminated by
Activities
 State Govt. based on their vulnerabilities in local languages

 The material - 4 broad sections in 7 volumes - planning to cope
 with disasters, education & training, construction, information,
 education & communication toolkit & multi-media resources
 on disaster mitigation & preparedness


 Extended to District Magistrates, Sub Divisional
 POLNET

 Magistrates, Control Rooms
 Emergency communication, mobile satellite based units which
 can be transported to the site of the disaster

 Parameters - location of the public facilities, communication
 GIS

 links and transportation network at national, state and district
 levels
National Database for Emergency

The Ministry of Home Affairs in collaboration with various
Management (NDEM)

Govt. Ministries, agencies - Dept. of Space, Dept. of Science &
Technology & Ministry of Communications & IT

Database - provide multi layered maps on district wise basis

3 maps taken in conjunction with the satellite images available
for a particular area enables the district administration & State
Govt. to carry out hazard zonation and vulnerability
assessment, coordinate response after a disaster

A reliable GIS-based database will ensure the mobilization of
right resources to right locations within least
response time of ICT
 •faster response
 Advantages
 •effective decision making
 •develops well informed practitioners
IDRN
The IDRN (India Disaster Resource Network – www.idrn.gov.in )
nation-wide electronic inventory of essential and specialist resources for
disaster response, covering specialist equipment, specialist manpower
resources and critical supplies

Initiated by Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) in collaboration with United
Nations Development Program (UNDP)

To systematically build the disaster resource inventory as an organized
information system - specific equipments, human expertise & critical
supplies database from District – State level

To provide availability of resources for disaster response, so that disaster
managers can mobilize the required resources within least response time

The IDRN is a live system providing for updating of inventory every
quarter
Entries - at two levels – District and State level
IDRN
602 District administrations
Target Audience

5000 member corporate bodies with Confederation of Indian
Industry (CII)
33,000 builders, contractors & construction companies with Builders’
Association of India (BAI)
Indian Railways & public sector undertakings

226 items - equipments, human resources and critical supplies are collected
Working

from the line departments – entered into portal – district level

Authorized users -enter portal -User ID and Password - IDRN
Description of the Portal

Administrator

The inventory data of the specified item are collected from various
Capturing Inventory

departments below District level in a paper format

The user can choose one or multiple - Activity, category, item and State,
Locating Resources
GIS based databases - the National Database for Emergency
Risk Assessment and Vulnerability Mappin

    Management (NDEM) and National Spatial Data
    Infrastructure (NSDI)

    Aims of NSDI

    •To collect, compile, analyse and prepare value-added maps
    for use by various agencies in the field of DM; for
    management of natural resources, industrial applications

    •To work towards interoperability of data and information
    sharing protocols

    •Two-way interoperable link will be established between
    NSDI and the National Disaster Emergency Communication
    network
Disaster Recovery
  Investing in a disaster
          Softwarerecovery plan and software is
  important especially for mission critical businesses such as
  Banks, Telecoms and Hospitals

   •Recovery of lost data
Benefits of a Disaster Recovery Plan
   •Ensures business continuity
   •Insurance against loss of business due to unforeseen
   disasters


   Vision Solutions
Disaster Recovery Technology Companies

   UltraBac Software
   CYA
   Technologies, Inc
   SunGard
   NSI Software
   EMC Corporation
DesInventar
Methodical way to gather and store information about
characteristics and effects of different types of disasters

Allows for the observation and analysis of accumulated data
regarding these ‘invisible’ disasters at a global / national
scale

Example
It is possible to trigger an earthquake in the virtual
environment and analyse its impact on a geographical area
ranging from a municipality to a group of countries

The system forecasts information on the possible loss of
human lives, impact on the economy and damage to
infrastructure
Other Software involved in Disaster
Management
Groove, http://www.groove.net
• Desktop software designed to facilitate collaboration and
communication among small groups and key concept is the shared
workspace
• All data is encrypted both on disk and over the network, with
each workspace having a unique set of cryptographic keys
• A workspace is a private virtual location where members
interact and collaborate.
• It has been used widely by disaster management in Iraq, the
Indian Ocean tsunami response and in other emergencies.

Voxiva, http://www.voxiva.net
• Voxiva’s Pyramid Platform is designed to bring technology to
the so-called ‘bottom of the pyramid’
• Voxiva is currently being used by organizations such as the US
Department of Defense, USAID, the Rwanda Ministry of Health,
the Ministry of Health of Tamil Nadu (India), the International
Rescue Committee and the Ministry of Health of Peru.
CASE STUDIES
The role of media in disaster warning: Reuters
The aim of Alertnet was that there was a need for a service that would:
Alertnet
      •    Deliver operation-critical information to relief charities
      worldwide
      • Encourage relief charities to exchange information
      • Raise awareness of humanitarian emergencies among the general
         public
 AlertNet
 Website
 1.   health-related
 2.   sudden onset
 3.   food-related
 4.   conflict
 Alertnet tracks all emergencies for which it is possible to find reliable
 information. In particular, one will find coverage of emergencies that,
 for a variety of reasons, receive only sporadic coverage elsewhere in
 the media, so called forgotten or hidden emergencies.
The Tsunami Early Warning System (TEWS)

•In the aftermath of the tsunami - arrangements for a
for South-East Asia

Tsunami Early Warning System (TEWS) in the Indian
Ocean and South-East Asia
•Integrated into existing warning systems to promote a
multi-hazard approach
• The partner countries - Cambodia, China, Lao PDR,
Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Viet
Nam

•The Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC) is a
non-profit organization supporting the advancement of safer
communities and sustainable development through
implementing programmes and projects that reduce the
impact of disasters upon countries and communities in Asia

•The donor agencies - UNDP, The Danish National
Development Agency and the United States Agency for
The technical components - a network of seismographic
stations, sea-level gauges and deep-sea pressure
sensors, a data-processing and tsunami forecasting
centre, and communication links to regional tsunami
warning centres

The network of accelerographs , to be located in islands
close to the coastlines of Indonesia and the Nicobar and
Andaman Islands, will provide rapid estimation of the
tsunamagenic potential of an earthquake

Deep-ocean pressure sensors detect the early passage of
a tsunami before it reaches shallow waters and the coast

High-frequency sea-level data will be transmitted via
the European Organisation for the Exploitation of
Meteorological Satellites Meteosat-5 and the Japanese
Meteorological Agency’s Geostationary Meteorological
Satellites, and is connected to the Global Sea-Level
Observation System Core Network

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Disaster Management

  • 1. ES COMMUNICATI ON TECHNOLOGI INFORMATION ICT A ND DISASTER M ANAGEMENT
  • 2. • ‘Disaster’, means ‘bad star’ in Latin. ICT & DISASTER ’a social crisis situation occurring when a physical phenomenon of natural, socio-natural or anthropogenic origin negatively impacts vulnerable populations causing intense, serious and widespread disruption of the normal functioning of the affected social unit.' Need for The Asia- ICT Pacific is among the most disaster prone regions in the world.
  • 4. characterized by profound damage to the human society Disaster phase human life, loss of property, environment & health Ambulances and medical personnel arrive Response phase remove the injured for transportation to medical camps or hospitals provide first aid and life support immediate medical help, food, clothing and shelter •victims actually realize the impact of disaster Recovery phase •perceive the meaning of the loss •need intensive mental support so as to facilitate recovery •Rehabilitation
  • 5. •need for certain measures - needed to reduce the Risk reduction phase extent or impact of damage during the next similar disaster •Tsunami ‘green belt’- a thick stretch of trees adjacent to the coast line •Mitigation - making the impact less severe •development of awareness Preparedness phase •education on warning signs of disasters •methods of safe and successful evacuation •first aid measures.
  • 6. Channels Used for Disaster Warning * Radio and Television Effectiveness of these two media is high because the tele-density is relatively low, they can be used to spread a warning quickly to a broad population. Drawbacks: Effectiveness reduced at night, when they are normally switched off. Advantage: Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004, radio manufacturers considered introducing new digital radio alert systems. * Telephone (Fixed and Mobile) •Nallavadu in Pondicherry. Telephone call saved the village’s population of 3,600 inhabitants & three neighboring villages •M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation’s Information Village Research Project. Vijayakumar, a former project volunteer working in Singapore
  • 7. • ‘Telephone trees’ • An individual represents a ‘node’ in a telephone tree Drawbacks: • Rural and coastal areas, is still not satisfactory. • Phone lines that occurs immediately before and during a disaster, resulting in many phone calls in that vital period that cannot be completed. *Short Message Service • 2005 Hurricane Katrina disaster in the US • SMS more easily when the network was functional. • Voice calls in that one message can be sent to a group simultaneously. *Cell Broadcasting • A public warning message sent to all mobiles with any group of cells of any size to the whole country. •CDMA, D-AMPS, GSM and UMTS phones have this capability.
  • 8. Channels Used for Disaster Warning Advantages: • No cost to implement cell broadcasting. • Not affected by traffic load • Cell broadcasting is geo-scalable, millions of people across continents within a minute. • It is geo-specific, avoid panic and road jamming. Disadvantage: • That not every user may be able to read a text message when they receive it. Pioneers: The Dutch Government already started the operations with the operators KPN, Telfort and Vodafone with government use.
  • 9. *Satellite Radio • Digital radio that receives signals, which covers a wider geographical range than terrestrial radio signals. • Functions anywhere there is line of sight between the antenna and the satellite, no major obstructions such as tunnels or buildings. • Satellite radio audiences can follow a single channel regardless of location within a given range & can play a key role during both disaster warning and disaster recovery phases. Advantages: • Ability to work even outside of areas not covered by normal radio channels. • Transmission towers of the normal radio station are damaged in a disaster.
  • 10. * Internet/Email • Penetration within a community and usage by professionals such as first responders, coordinating bodies, etc. • 5 percent of the population uses the Internet and even those who are users do not use it on a regular basis. • A new proposal for using the Internet to quickly warn large numbers of people of impending emergencies is currently being drafted by the Internet Engineering Task Force. * Amateur and Community Radio • When traditional communications infrastructure breaks down, amateur radio operators transmit emergency. messages on voice mode about the well-being of survivors. •Indian Ocean tsunami - amateur radio operators were the critical link between the islands and the Indian mainland.
  • 11. • Amateur radio broadcasters are authorized to communicate on high frequency (HF), very high frequency (VHF), ultra high frequency (UHF) or all three bands of the radio spectrum. * Pactor • Airmail as email client and Winlink2000 as network on shortwave • User can address any valid email address worldwide through hf-radio and winlink. • The effectiveness of this medium is being tested through a disaster warning system implemented by Sarvodaya, the most widespread NGO in Sri Lanka. Major radio communications services involved in Disaster phases are Meteorological services Amateur services, Broadcasting services, Mobile services, Fixed services.
  • 12. Channel Benefits Challenges Radio & TV Widespread Takes time to get the warnings Limited use at night Telephone(fixed Messages delivered Problems of mobile) quickly authenticity Does not reach non- users congestion SMS Quick Congestion Messages can be sent Does not reach non- to groups users Local language problems Cell No congestion Does not reach non- broadcasting users Can address a group simultaneously Local language problems
  • 13. Satellite radio High reach ability Cannot be used to educate masses Only good for specific points Internet or e- Interactive Not widespread mail Multiple sources can be checked for accuracy of information Amateur / Excellent for rural poor Not widespread community radio and remote People lose interest if communities used only in case of disaster Siren Can be used even at Maintenance of night systems cannot disseminate a detailed Good in rural areas message
  • 14. GIS for DM Planning Events: It forecasts, receives, records and provide scope for future use of information about Hurricane wind, storm surge, earthquake, chemical release, reactor release, weapons of mass destruction, wild fire. Communication links: It provides communication through internet, landlines and satellite Databases: The huge and immense information including Population, housing, business, topography, geology, Infrastructure, structural vulnerability is stockpiled. Ground truth: Imagery and aerial photography of the venue, victim and intensity of the disaster are shot down and disseminated through the above said communication links.
  • 15. Web Portal for DM Response Missing Person Registry: Helping Families Find Each Other Organization Registry & Volunteer coordination : Coordinating All Aid Groups and Helping Them to Operate Effectively As One Camps Registry: Capturing the Location of All Temporary Camps and Shelters Request Management System: Effectively Utilization Inventory Management: Keeps track of inventories at a high enough granularity to account for the chaotic transfer of goods and aid.
  • 16. Disaster Risk Reduction Role of Information and Knowledge “Knowledge management is all about getting the right knowledge, in the right place, at the right time” • information about disaster preparedness, dos’ and don’ts in emergency, disaster management plans, policies and guidelines • lack of adequate coping mechanisms not getting transformed into the life saving knowledge for the communities at risk. • to enhance the information sharing and management of the knowledge generated in these institutions - closely knit the organizations/institutions and moreover people • create a common platform – enable to capture, organize, share and reuse the knowledge
  • 17. Creating an Environment for Knowledge Management collaborative platform which is in the form of an electronic platform will facilitate interaction among the program partners. Connecting the program partners: • Disaster Management practitioners in State Government Disaster Management Departments of 35 States/UTs. • National Programme for Capacity Building of Engineers for Earthquake Risk Management (NPCBEERM) involving 11 National Resource Institutions(NRIs) and around 125 State Resource Institutions (SRIs) in all 35 States/ UTs. • National Programme for Capacity Building of Architects for Earthquake Risk Management (NPCBAERM) involving 7 NRIs and around 110 Colleges in all 35 States/ Uts
  • 18. Indian road map to ICT in Disaster Manageme Under the Ministry of Home Affairs, GOI-UNDP (United Nations Development Programme) National Disaster Risk Management programme, Knowledge Networking an initiative to establish networks and partnership among •prime government agencies •policy makers •disaster managers •specialists from allied fields of engineering, architecture, planning, seismology, hydrology, agriculture and social science - to reduce the risk of disaster
  • 19. covering institutional mechanisms, disaster prevention strategy, early warning system, disaster mitigation, preparedness and response and human resource development Computerized monitoring system - daily water levels as Communication tools observed at 0800 hrs. and forecasts issued by field units are transmitted to CWC headquarters in New Delhi data received from field divisions: • Special Yellow Bulletins - whenever the river stage at the forecasting site - a level within 0.50 m of its previous HFL • Red Bulletins highlighting security of the problem - the water level at the forecasting stations equals/exceeds previous HFL • Bulletins are also updated on CWC Web site:
  • 20. An accelerated urban earthquake vulnerability reduction Workshops programme has been taken up in 38 cities in seismic zones III, IV & V with population of half a million Sensitization workshop for engineers/architects, government functionaries and voluntary organizations have already been held in 36 of the 38 cities Disaster Risk Management •need to ensure sustainability of the programme Programme •development of training modules, manuals and codes •up-scaling partnerships in excellence •focused attention to awareness generation campaigns •Institutionalization of disaster management committees and disaster management teams, disaster management plans and mock-drills and establishment of techno-legal regimes
  • 21. MHA has compiled a set of resource materials developed by Capacity Building & Awareness Generation various organizations to be replicated and disseminated by Activities State Govt. based on their vulnerabilities in local languages The material - 4 broad sections in 7 volumes - planning to cope with disasters, education & training, construction, information, education & communication toolkit & multi-media resources on disaster mitigation & preparedness Extended to District Magistrates, Sub Divisional POLNET Magistrates, Control Rooms Emergency communication, mobile satellite based units which can be transported to the site of the disaster Parameters - location of the public facilities, communication GIS links and transportation network at national, state and district levels
  • 22. National Database for Emergency The Ministry of Home Affairs in collaboration with various Management (NDEM) Govt. Ministries, agencies - Dept. of Space, Dept. of Science & Technology & Ministry of Communications & IT Database - provide multi layered maps on district wise basis 3 maps taken in conjunction with the satellite images available for a particular area enables the district administration & State Govt. to carry out hazard zonation and vulnerability assessment, coordinate response after a disaster A reliable GIS-based database will ensure the mobilization of right resources to right locations within least response time of ICT •faster response Advantages •effective decision making •develops well informed practitioners
  • 23. IDRN The IDRN (India Disaster Resource Network – www.idrn.gov.in ) nation-wide electronic inventory of essential and specialist resources for disaster response, covering specialist equipment, specialist manpower resources and critical supplies Initiated by Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) in collaboration with United Nations Development Program (UNDP) To systematically build the disaster resource inventory as an organized information system - specific equipments, human expertise & critical supplies database from District – State level To provide availability of resources for disaster response, so that disaster managers can mobilize the required resources within least response time The IDRN is a live system providing for updating of inventory every quarter Entries - at two levels – District and State level
  • 24. IDRN 602 District administrations Target Audience 5000 member corporate bodies with Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) 33,000 builders, contractors & construction companies with Builders’ Association of India (BAI) Indian Railways & public sector undertakings 226 items - equipments, human resources and critical supplies are collected Working from the line departments – entered into portal – district level Authorized users -enter portal -User ID and Password - IDRN Description of the Portal Administrator The inventory data of the specified item are collected from various Capturing Inventory departments below District level in a paper format The user can choose one or multiple - Activity, category, item and State, Locating Resources
  • 25. GIS based databases - the National Database for Emergency Risk Assessment and Vulnerability Mappin Management (NDEM) and National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) Aims of NSDI •To collect, compile, analyse and prepare value-added maps for use by various agencies in the field of DM; for management of natural resources, industrial applications •To work towards interoperability of data and information sharing protocols •Two-way interoperable link will be established between NSDI and the National Disaster Emergency Communication network
  • 26. Disaster Recovery Investing in a disaster Softwarerecovery plan and software is important especially for mission critical businesses such as Banks, Telecoms and Hospitals •Recovery of lost data Benefits of a Disaster Recovery Plan •Ensures business continuity •Insurance against loss of business due to unforeseen disasters Vision Solutions Disaster Recovery Technology Companies UltraBac Software CYA Technologies, Inc SunGard NSI Software EMC Corporation
  • 27. DesInventar Methodical way to gather and store information about characteristics and effects of different types of disasters Allows for the observation and analysis of accumulated data regarding these ‘invisible’ disasters at a global / national scale Example It is possible to trigger an earthquake in the virtual environment and analyse its impact on a geographical area ranging from a municipality to a group of countries The system forecasts information on the possible loss of human lives, impact on the economy and damage to infrastructure
  • 28. Other Software involved in Disaster Management Groove, http://www.groove.net • Desktop software designed to facilitate collaboration and communication among small groups and key concept is the shared workspace • All data is encrypted both on disk and over the network, with each workspace having a unique set of cryptographic keys • A workspace is a private virtual location where members interact and collaborate. • It has been used widely by disaster management in Iraq, the Indian Ocean tsunami response and in other emergencies. Voxiva, http://www.voxiva.net • Voxiva’s Pyramid Platform is designed to bring technology to the so-called ‘bottom of the pyramid’ • Voxiva is currently being used by organizations such as the US Department of Defense, USAID, the Rwanda Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Health of Tamil Nadu (India), the International Rescue Committee and the Ministry of Health of Peru.
  • 30. The role of media in disaster warning: Reuters The aim of Alertnet was that there was a need for a service that would: Alertnet • Deliver operation-critical information to relief charities worldwide • Encourage relief charities to exchange information • Raise awareness of humanitarian emergencies among the general public AlertNet Website 1. health-related 2. sudden onset 3. food-related 4. conflict Alertnet tracks all emergencies for which it is possible to find reliable information. In particular, one will find coverage of emergencies that, for a variety of reasons, receive only sporadic coverage elsewhere in the media, so called forgotten or hidden emergencies.
  • 31. The Tsunami Early Warning System (TEWS) •In the aftermath of the tsunami - arrangements for a for South-East Asia Tsunami Early Warning System (TEWS) in the Indian Ocean and South-East Asia •Integrated into existing warning systems to promote a multi-hazard approach • The partner countries - Cambodia, China, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam •The Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC) is a non-profit organization supporting the advancement of safer communities and sustainable development through implementing programmes and projects that reduce the impact of disasters upon countries and communities in Asia •The donor agencies - UNDP, The Danish National Development Agency and the United States Agency for
  • 32. The technical components - a network of seismographic stations, sea-level gauges and deep-sea pressure sensors, a data-processing and tsunami forecasting centre, and communication links to regional tsunami warning centres The network of accelerographs , to be located in islands close to the coastlines of Indonesia and the Nicobar and Andaman Islands, will provide rapid estimation of the tsunamagenic potential of an earthquake Deep-ocean pressure sensors detect the early passage of a tsunami before it reaches shallow waters and the coast High-frequency sea-level data will be transmitted via the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites Meteosat-5 and the Japanese Meteorological Agency’s Geostationary Meteorological Satellites, and is connected to the Global Sea-Level Observation System Core Network