2. The Cold War
The Cold War, often dated from 1947–1991, was a sustained
state of political and military tension between the powers of
the Western world, led by the United States and its NATO
allies, and the communist world, led by the Soviet Union,
its satellite states and allies.
3. The Long Term Caused of the CW
1. In 1917 the Russian Revolution took place and
Russian embraced Soviet Communism.
2. The USA was the richest and most powerful
country in the world and as big as the USSR.
3. The leaders of the USSR have very different
beliefs about society, economics and politics.
4. USSR was based on the idea of Soviet
Communism while the USA is based on
Democracy and Capitalism.
5. Both countries strongly believe that the other is evil
and dangerous for the whole world.
6. Both countries tried their best to influence other
countries to their beliefs and ideologies.
5. A history of aggression
In 1918 the USA joined Britain, France and Japan to
destroy Soviet communism by force. They
invaded the Soviet Union in support of the “White
Russians” in civil war with the Bolsheviks. They
failed but the hostility and tensions remained.
American troops in
Vladivostok parading
before the building
occupied by the staff
of the Czech-
Slovaks. Japanese
marines are standing
to attention as they
march on 1 August
1918.
6. United against Hitler
In 1941, Hitler invaded Soviet
Russia. For a brief period until
1945 Russia united with the
USA to defeat Hitler.
IN WORLD WAR II THE FAR LEFT
AND THE RIGHT TEAMED UP TO
DESTROY FASCISM The Great Alliance of WW II
7. End of World War II (1945–47)
In 1945, as the
destruction of
Germany was
inevitable. The
Leaders of the
winning countries
though to settle what
should become of
Germany and
countries invaded by
Hitler. They started
to talk and they first
met at Yalta. It came
to be known as the
Yalta Conference.
8. The Yalta Meeting
The Yalta Conference, sometimes called the Crimea
Conference and codenamed the Argonaut Conference
was held February 4–11 in the Livadia Palace near Yalta,
in the Crimea.
9. The Yalta Conference
The heads of government of the United States, the United
Kingdom, and the Soviet Union, represented
by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Prime Minister ,
and General Secretary Joseph Stalin, respectively, for the
purpose of discussing Europe's post-war reorganization.
10.
11. The Yalta Conference
Terms of the agreement:
Liberated countries will be given their own emergency
government; free election to be held soon to set up democratic
governments.
Soviet take land from Poland and Poland given German lands.
The Lublin government shall share power with the London Poles.
Free elections to be held soon.
Russian POWs forced to join the German Army shall be sent
back to the USSR. The Soviets executed about 10,000 of them.
Germany would be divided into occupied zones: French, British,
American and Soviet zones.
USSR agreed to help fight the Japanese for territories north of
Japan but they don’t have to do much fighting.
The UN shall be set up and all countries must have veto power
on the decisions of the Security Council.
18. The Potsdam Conference
Later on in 1947 Truman would
introduce the Truman Doctrine which
was based on the idea of
containment – the USA will do
everything within its power and
influence to stop the spread of
communism.
22. The Iron Curtain
symbolized the ideological
conflict and physical
boundary
dividing Europe into two
separate areas from the
end of World War II in 1945
until the end of the Cold
War in 1991. On either
side of the Iron Curtain,
states developed their own
international economic and
military alliances.
23. The Iron Curtain
Physically, the Iron
Curtain took the form
of border defenses
between the countries
of Europe in the middle
of the continent. The
most notable border
was marked by
the Berlin Wall, which
served as a symbol of
the Curtain as a whole
