2. CONTENTS
Introduction
History
How NFC works ?
NFC phone architecture
Comparison of NFC with Bluetooth
Uses and Applications
Project trials and full-scale deployments
NFC forum
Security aspects
NFC-enabled handsets
Conclusion
3. INTRODUCTION
Near field communication (NFC) : It is a short-range
communication technology that enables devices to
exchange information with other NFC-enabled devices
or certain NFC supporting cards .
It can be done by touching the devices together or
bringing them into close proximity, usually no more than
a few centimeters.
NFC operates at 13.56 MHz on ISO/IEC 18000-3 air
interface and at rates ranging from 106 kbit/s to 424
kbit/s .
4. HISTORY
NFC traces its roots back to Radio-frequency identification, or
RFID.
RFID allows a reader to send radio waves to a passive
electronic tag for identification and tracking.
1983 : The first patent to be associated with the
abbreviation RFID was granted to Charles Walton.
2004 : Nokia, Philips and Sony established the Near Field
Communication (NFC) Forum
2006: Nokia 6131 was the first NFC phone .
2011: NFC support becomes part of the Symbian mobile
operating system with the release of Symbian Anna version.
5. HOW NFC WORK’S
Near-field communication uses magnetic induction between
two loop antennas located within each other's near
field, effectively forming an air-core transformer. It operates
within the globally available and unlicensed radio frequency ISM
band of 13.56 MHz , with a bandwidth of 14KHz .
NFC always involves an initiator and a target .
There are two modes of communication :
Passive communication mode
Active communication mode
6. PASSIVE COMMUNICATION MODE
The initiator device provides a carrier fields and the
target device answers by modulating the existing field.
In this mode, the target device may draw its operating
power from the initiator-provided electromagnetic
field, thus making the target device a transponder .
7. ACTIVE COMMUNICATION MODE
Both initiator and target device communicate by
alternately generating their own fields. A device
deactivates its RF field while it is waiting for data. In this
mode, both devices typically have power supplies.
11. COMPARISION OF NFC WITH BLUETOOTH
NFC and Bluetooth are both short-range communication
technologies .
NFC operates at slower speeds than Bluetooth, but
consumes far less power and doesn’t require pairing.
NFC sets up faster than standard Bluetooth.
The connection between two NFC devices is
automatically established quickly: in less than a tenth of
a second.
The maximum data transfer rate of NFC (424 kbit/s) is
slower than that of Bluetooth V2.1 (2.1 Mbit/s).
12.
13. USES AND APPLICATIONS
There are three main use cases for NFC :
Card emulation : the NFC behaves like an existing
contactless card .
Reader mode : the NFC device is active and read
a passive RFID tag.
P2P mode : two NFC can communicate and
exchange communication.
16. PROJECT TRIALS AND FULL-SCALE DEPLOYMENTS
India
Mobile banking: A Little World , Citibank India
Tata Docomo, Mega Soft XIUS (Hyderabad)
United States
Mobile payments: AT&T, Verizon, T-Mobile
Public transit: New York City Transit, NJ Transit, and , LA
Metro .
Community Marketing : Google Places,Portland
Russia
Public transport: Moscow Metro and Mobile TeleSystems
17. France
Home healthcare: ADMR, Extelia, Inside Contactless
Field service: Orange France
Event ticketing: Stade de France, Orange
Museum services: Centre Pompidou
National NFC infrastructure: Paris, Bordeaux, French Government
Loyalty programs: La Croissanterie, Rica Lewis, Game in Nice
Public transport: Veolia Transport in Nice
Japan
Banking services: Softbank Mobile, Credit Saison
Consumer services: KDDI, Toyota, Orient Corporation, Credit
Saison, Aiwa Card Services, MasterCard, Nomura Research
Institute, All Nippon Airways, Japan Airlines, NTT Data, IBM, Hitachi,
Network services: NTT Docomo and KT
Social networking: Mixi
18. NFC FORUM
(RESPONSIBLE FOR NFC PROTOCOLS)
NFC is a standard defined by the NFC Forum, a global
consortium of hardware, software / application , credit
card companies ,banking ,network providers , and
others who are interested in the advancement and
standardization of this promising technology.
20. SECURITY ASPECTS
Applications makers will use higher-layer cryptographic
protocols (e.g., SSL) to establish a secure channel.
Application providers and transaction parties, who will
need to use anti-virus and other security solutions to
prevent spyware and malware from infecting systems.
Customers, can also protect their personal devices and
data with passwords, keypad locks, and anti-virus
software.
21. NFC-ENABLED HANDSETS
Android
HTC One XL
Nexus S
Google Nexus S 4G
Samsung Galaxy S II (not all versions)
Samsung Galaxy Note (not all versions)
Huawei Sonic
Sony Xperia S
BlackBerry
Blackberry Bold 9790
BlackBerry Bold 9900/9930
BlackBerry Torch 9810/9860
Blackberry Curve 9350/9360/9370
22. Bada
Samsung Wave 578
samsung wave Y
Ovi store/S60 & J2ME
Nokia 600
Nokia 603
Nokia 700
Nokia 701
Nokia C7
Nokia Astound
Nokia Oro
Window
Benq T80
23. CONCLUSION
Market research suggests that over the next few
years, Near Field Communication (NFC) technology will
be in use all around us.
Shipments for NFC enabled phones are forecasted to
reach 700 million units in 2016.
For consumers, the technology will become omnipresent
in our lives, and NFC-enabled mobile phones will
emerge as our primary consumer ID credential.