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What does it all mean anyway?
- 1. Semantic Publishing: What does it all mean anyway? Robert Stevens University of Manchester, UK
- 2. So, what am I going to do? • Define some terms • Pose lots of questions • Introduce some concepts • Set some Challenges • Solve semantic publication
- 3. First catch your terms • Publication: Exposure to the public (sic) OF SOME AUTHORED WORK • Publication – the process (the act) and the published thing • Semantic: capturing the meaning of information in some computationally amenable form • Authoring: The process of “WRITING” some WORK • Semantic Web: The Web plus computational meaning • Things on the Web are published
- 4. Semantic publication • A publication enhanced with semantics • We usually think of a publication as an article – some scholarly work • But what about ontologies and semantic data? • Are these not semantic publications too? • An ontology should capture knowledge of a field of interest in a computationally amenable form and it is published on the Web • RDF descriptions of some data, enhanced with some defined vocabulary, are a semantic publication of those data • bio2RDF and all its constituent parts • “Published to the linked data cloud”
- 6. Linked Open Data Cloud http://richard.cyganiak.de/2007/10/lod/
- 7. CiTO: citation typing Cito: cites as source document http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/1/S1/S6
- 9. Post processing of articles with text mining and NLP • Marking up entities with text mining • Named entity recognisers for different types of entity • Normalised to identifiers – could add semantics and other TM to give relationships • AO and all that
- 10. Embedding semantics into scholarly articles• But I could do all of this from the start if my tools were good enough • Methods and data might be the easiest to make semantic from the start • Even “easier” would be rhetorical blocks and citation/bibliographic structures • http://opencitations.wordpress.c om/2010/10/14/introducing-the- semantic-publishing-and- referencing-spar-ontologies/ • http://swan.mindinformatics.org/ ontology.html
- 11. Pack on myExperiment with semantic tags http://www.myexperiment.org
- 12. Active documents • Trad publications are static • Electronic documents can be “active” • Data tables to graphs; protein sequence to structure; re-run computational workflow within the paper and so on • Linking through to a myExperiment pack • The underpinnings of active documents can be semantic • Active semantic documents • Utopia again…
- 13. The role of narrative • Scholarly work needs a narrative • The narrative carries the argument and the work conveys a story • Provides context and evidence • The message is carried by the narrative • Data and ontology are both published and semantic, but lack a narrative
- 14. Types of semantic publication Narrative Data Knowledge
- 15. Desiderata for scholarly publication • Context/situation • Evidence • Argumentation, rhetoric • Thesis, message,… • Trustworthiness, provenance, audit trail.
- 16. Semantic scholarly publication • Fulfils these criteria • But does so enhanced by semantics or is purely semantic • Rhetorical blocks; semantic types on entities; inter- and intra-scholarly work semantic relationships; and so on • Links out to semantic data and knowledge to enhance the paper • Links to semantically described data and ontology publications • Make the paper rigorous and consistent
- 17. The purely semantic publication • Can I write a paper only in first order logic? • Can I come close • Should I be able to write my paper in logic? • I can generate the language… • Can I get in the hedges, probabilities and scientific weasel words? • But I could get my hypotheses and conclusion to match up (Ross King) and I could use consistent vocabulary
- 18. Born or Made? Made digitalBorn digital Born semantic Made semantic Reference: Becoming Digital: The Challenges of Archiving Digital Photographs, Karen Rae Simonson, University of Manitoba (Canada), 2006 - 102 pages
- 19. Plain to Semantic • In music recordings we had Analogue (A) and Digital (D) • Recording, Mastering and Publication as either A or D • AAA to DDD • Plain (P) to Semantic (S) • For the Author, System and Reader • PPP : Wholly trad Word to PDF; PDF to Word to XML and PDF; PDF reader… • Then do it with semantics... • We need publication process that enable semantics from the start
- 20. Processes that block having semantics from the start
- 21. It doesn’t take much to give me some semantics • A DOI gives a type and some computational amenability... • The Kblog story: this is a citation; this is an ArrayExpress id – I know (and so does a computer) how to interpret the entity
- 22. How much makes me semantic? • Does one CiTO link a semantic publication summer make? • Is a paper semantically born if my authoring tool puts in ORB or DoCO tags to indicate the rhetorical structure? • Do I have to have content semantically available? • Does a link to a semantically tagged myExperiment pack give a semantic publication? • A “nanopublication” of the main findings and/or conclusions?
- 23. What’s in it for me? Author System Reader Semantic publishing heaven • Everyone has to get something out of Semantic publishing • The Lord’s three steps to semantic publishing heaven • Sepublica 2012
- 24. Semantic publication challenges • Define carefully what is meant by a semantic publication and set some challenges and boundaries • Author a born semantic narrative publication • Topic: Semantic publication (or anything….) • Make the balance of usefulness for reader and author reasonable (at this stage we might expect some work for the author) • Or just rely on altruism • Evidence that the semantics help…
- 25. Am I any the wiser? • Judge: I've listened to you for an hour and I'm none the wiser. • Smith: None the wiser, perhaps, my lord but certainly better informed. • Quoted in "London Letter" by Francis Cowper in New York Law Journal (28 August 1961), p. 4; also quoted as "Possibly not, My Lord, but far better informed."
- 26. Acknowledgements • Sean Bechhofer (for the “Made” and “born” distinction) • Phil Lord • Bijan Parsia • Steve Pettifer • Duncan Hull • Eleni Mikroyannidi
Hinweis der Redaktion
- Producing attractive publications
- This one shows the whole hierarchy but you cant read any node from the graph (it’s in zoom out). Producing attractive publications
- First screenshot showing an article and some metadata on the right side. The metadata showed in the following sequence: A chemical structure of a small molecule taken from ChemBl. Then follows the explanation of this molecule taken from wikipedia and finaly some references on related papers taken from pubmed Producing attractive publications
- The metadata on this article are taken from wikipedia and shows info about the Shikinate kinase enzyme. Producing attractive publications
- This is a screenshot of a paper from Phil Bourne on the Mycobacterium tuberculosis 'drugome', to which UD has added information from (in order) 1) PLoS (showing article level metrics for this article) 2) Crossref (giving a cut-and-pasteable citation for this document, which you can change to fit your journal style) 3) AltMetric, showing its altmetric score and where this article has been mentioned on the web 4) Sherpa/Romeo, showing the archiving policy for this article 5) Mendeley, showing other related articles 6) A hyperlinked version of the article's bibliography Producing attractive publications
- Consider for example this process from one of the major publishers that I have Published with. I wrote my article in latex. I converted it to PDF. The website converted it to another PDF (which I had to check). The publishers then (and this is true) converted it to a word doc. From there, they turn it into XML, which was finally converted to HTML and, yes, you guessed It, another PDF. Now, not only is this a waste of time, but it’s inaccurate. Errors happen. And trying to get Structured or data linked publications through this process. You might as well give up.