Braille is an alternative writing system used by blind and visually impaired people. It consists of patterns of dots arranged in a grid which can represent letters, numbers, and punctuation. Braille was developed by Louis Braille in the early 1800s and allows blind people to read and write through touch. Modern braille uses 8 dots in each cell and can be encoded in computers and mobile devices to provide access to digital information for the blind and visually impaired. Braille transcription involves translating text into a contracted braille code to reduce space and allows faster reading. Technology continues to improve braille accessibility through devices like braille embossers and screen readers.

1. BRAILLE

3. ALTERNATIVE LANGUAGE SYSTEM

7. BRAILLE AS ALTERNATIVE LANGUAGE