The last of Anglo-Saxon England and the coming of William the Conqueror

1. Wessex
Norman
Viking
The louder just law was talked about, the more
unlawful things were done.
The A-S Chronicle, 1066

2. 1.The Prince of Wales 2. The Duke of
THE LINE OF
Cambridge 3. Prince Henry of Wales 4. The
SUCCESSION
Duke of York 5. Princess Beatrice of York 6.
2012
Princess Eugenie of York 7. The Earl of
Wessex 8. Viscount Severn 9. The Lady
Louise Mountbatten-Windsor 10. The Princess
Royal

35. Miss Estella Taylor 36. The Hon. Albert
Windsor 37. The Hon. Leopold Windsor 38.
The Lord Frederick Windsor 39. The Lady
Gabriella Windsor 40. Princess Alexandra, the
Hon. Lady Ogilvy
www.royal.gov.uk

3. Harthacanute
• 1041 Edward returns
to England
• 1042 Harthacanute
dies at a wedding
feast

4. Succession
• Danish Claimants
– Harold of Denmark, died 1043
– Swein of Denmark –preoccupied with own kingdom
• Norwegian Claimant
– Magnus –purportedly in pact with Harthacnute
• Edward
– Welcomed by Harthacanute
– Championed by Godwine, Leofric and Siward

5. Coronations of Edward and Edith

6. Edward the King
• Opted out of Norway-Denmark
conflict
• 1050 Dismisses Navy
• 1051 Abolishes heregeld
• 1051 Robert of Jumieges, Archbishop of
Canterbury
• Administrative apparatus entrusted to others

7. Norman Influences

8. Edward the Confessor

9. Godwine
• Appointment of
Stigand to
Winchester in
1047; Canterbury
in 1052
• 1051 The Dover
fracas
• 1051 ‘Get thee to a
nunnery’
• Dies 1053

11. Godwinesons
• Harold, Earl of Wessex
• 1055 Tostig, Earl of North
• 1057 Gyrth, Earl of East Anglia
• 1057 Leofwine, Earl of E. Midlands
• 1057 Leofric of Mercia dies
– Leofric’s son, Aelfgar, banished in 1055;
returns
– 1062 Aelfgar dies; his sons ally of Harold

12. Earl Harold
• m. Ealdgyth, daughter
of Aelfgar
Harold, son of Godwine
kneels before King Edward

13. Westminster
Abbey

14. Westminster Abbey

15. Jumièges

16. Death of Edward
Edith Harold
I commend this woman and all the
kingdom to your protection

17. Succession - Different Customs
Normandy
A bequest, made formally, in the presence of
witnesses, it could not legally be revoked
England
Verba novissima An act made on one's death-bed, in
extremis, was taken to supersede previous donations
of the same property
John S. Beckerman “Succession in Normandy, 1087, and in
England, 1066: The Role of Testamentary Custom”
Speculum, Vol. 47, No. 2 (Apr., 1972), pp. 258-260

18. Opposed by Eadwine
of Mercia and Morcar
of Northumbria

20. England 1066
Sons of Godwine

21. Norwegian Invasion
Harald
Hardrada

22. The Forces
Norway and Tostig Harold
• 300-500 ships • Edwin and Morcar
• 3000-5000 men • Forces brought from
south in fast march

23. Stamford Bridge

24. Defeat of Combined Forces

25. Timeline
• September 25 Stamford Bridge
• September 28 William lands
• October 5 Harold reaches London
• October 14 Battle of Hastings

26. Sussex

27. Bayeux Tapestry
Battle of
Hastings

29. ‘King’ Edgar
• Initially supported by
Archbishops Ealdred of York, Stigand of Canterbury; Earls
Morcar and Edwin
• ‘Harold’s revenge’
– hiatus at Dover
– burning of Southwark
– circling of London
• Surrender at Berkhamsted

30. The 1997 Addition
Surrender of the English

31. Christmas 1066

32. Have a Great
Winter Break
Osher resumes February 4, 2013
For those interested this class
resumes with the Normans