5. Legacy – Pre-Conquest England
• Tax system – Danegeld, heregeld
• Shiring
• Cities
• Law – Charters in the vernacular
• Concentration of land ownership
• Agricultural advancements
8. William the Rightful Successor
• …above all else the one God to be venerated
throughout his entire kingdom; the one Christian
faith always to be kept inviolate; peace and
security to be maintained between Englishmen and
Normans
• … I wish and enjoin: that in [cases affecting]
lands, as in all other matters, all shall keep and
hold the law of King Edward, with the addition of
those [amendments] which I have made for the
benefit of the English people
10. Succession - Different Customs
Normandy
A bequest, made formally, in the presence of
witnesses, it could not legally be revoked
England
Verba novissima An act made on one's death-bed, in
extremis, was taken to supersede previous donations
of the same property
John S. Beckerman “Succession in Normandy, 1087, and in
England, 1066: The Role of Testamentary Custom”
Speculum, Vol. 47, No. 2 (Apr., 1972), pp. 258-260
14. Feudalism
When did feudalism start in Great Britain?
a. 873 Alfred the Great
b. 1215 John
c. 1066 Conquest ✔
d. 1042 Edward the Confessor
e. 1776 Revolution in the colonies
15. Feudalism
When did feudalism end in Royal territories?
a. 2004
b. 1648 Cromwell
c. 1215 Magna Carta
d. 1560 Henry VIII
e. 2008
f. Not yet
16. Date set for demise of the feudal system
November 22, 2002 Scotland's ancient feudal system
of property ownership will be consigned to history in
just over two years.The legislation, one of a series of
executive bills to reform Scotland's land and property
laws, is based on a report by the Law Commission that
followed the passing of the Abolition of Feudal Tenure
Act in 2000. both pieces of legislation would come into
force on November 28, 2004.
Sark - 2008
18. Royal Finances – Non-feudal
• Geld
– land based tax
• Income from royal demesne
– rent
– sale of crops and livestock
• Tallage
– tax imposed upon residents of King’s land,
townsmen and Jews
19. Royal Finances – Judicial
• Judicial writs Enforcement
• Fines • Foresters
• Forest • Sheriffs
21. Choices for the Anglo-Saxons
• Join and cooperate
– work as administrators
– switch masters
– Adopt Norman ways
• inter-marry
• change names
• Rebel
22. The Norman Occupation
Close associates of William
170 Tenants-in-chief
5,000 -10,000 Knights
vs.
1-1.5 million English
23. William’s Supporters
Name Ships Manors (£)
Robert, Count of Mortain 120 2100
Odo, Bishop of Bayeux 100 >3000
William, Count of Evreux 80
Roger of Montgomery 60 2430
William fitz Osbern 60 forfeit
Hugh, Earl of Chester 60 800
Robert, Count of Eu 60 <180
Roger of Beaumont 60 <114
29. 1067
• Temporary fortifications
– London – tower
– Ludgate? –Montfichet
– London - Baynard’s Castle
• England entrusted to William Fitz Osbern
and Bishop Odo when William returns to
Normandy
The Danegeld (pron.: /ˈdeɪn.ɡɛld/;[1] "Danish tax", literally "Dane Money") was a tax raised to pay tribute to the Viking raiders to save a land from being ravaged. It was called the geld or gafol in eleventh-century sources;[2] the term Danegeld did not appear until the early twelfth century.[3] It was characteristic of royal policy in both England and Francia during the ninth through eleventh centuries, collected both as tributary, to buy off the attackers, and as stipendiary, to pay the defensive forcesHeregeld A tribute or tax levied for the maintenance of an army.
11th C. 1067c.1070 1101/2Saxon Burgh on east bank of River Arun. Roger of Montgomery granted western Sussex, established seat at Arundel, on west bank. Builds earthwork and tim- ber castle with two wards in a similar pattern to Windsor.Gatehouse built in stone. [Pulborough stone, brought down river]. Roger’s son, Robert of Bellême, rebels against Henry I. Besieged. Surrenders after 3 months. King takes over castle. Later his wife, Alice inherits castle.1138Alice marries William d’Albini (of Buck- enham and Castle Rising. D’Albinibuildsshellkeep in stone