Disaster Management

1. Academic Staff College
107th 4-week Orientation Programme
from 13 January to 10 February 2014
Prof (Col) Rajive Kohli, Ph.D.
Director
30 Jan’14 from 12.45 to 2.15 p.m.
9910744340 kohli9r@gmail.com

2. Disaster:
A serious
of the
functioning of a
,
causing widespread human,
material, or environmental
which exceed the ability of the
affected society to
using only
its own resources.

3. DISASTER dimensions
– Disruption to normal pattern of life, usually
severe and may also be sudden, unexpected
and widespread
– Human effects like loss of life, injury, hardship
and adverse effect on health
– Effect on social infrastructure such as
destruction of or damage to government
systems, buildings, communications and
essential services
– Community needs such shelter, food,
clothing, medical assistance and social care.

4. Disasters occur in varied forms
•Some are predictable in advance
•Some are annual or seasonal
•Some are sudden and unpredictable
Floods
Days and weeks
Earthquakes
Seconds/minutes
Cyclones
Days
Droughts
Months

5. GENERAL EFFECTS OF DISASTER












LOSS OF LIFE.
INJURY.
DAMAGE TO AND DESTRUCTION OF PROPERTY.
DAMAGE TO AND DESTRUCTION OF PRODUCTION.
DISRUPTION OF LIFESTYLE.
LOSS OF LIVELIHOOD.
DISRUPTION TO ESSENTIAL SERVICES.
DAMAGE TO NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE.
DISRUPTION TO GOVERNMENTAL SYSTEMS.
NATIONAL ECONOMIC LOSS.
SOCIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL AFTER
EFFECT.
ENVIRONMENTAL DISRUPTION

6. TYPES OF DISASTER
Natural
Disasters
Man-made
Disasters
Meteorological
Technological
Topographical
Industrial
accidents
Environmental
Security related

7. NATURAL DISASTER
• A natural disaster is a consequence when a
natural calamity affects humans and/or the
built environment.
• Various disasters like earthquake, landslides,
volcanic eruptions, flood and cyclones are
natural hazards

8. MAN MADE DISASTER
• Airplane crashes and terrorist attacks are
examples of man-made disasters.
• they cause pollution, kill people, and damage
property.

9. Distinction between
Hazard and Disaster :
“A hazard is a natural event while the disaster
is its consequence. A hazard is a perceived
natural event which threatens both life and
property….a disaster is a realization of this
hazard…”
– John Whittow, Disaster. 1980

12. Water and Climate related disasters
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Floods and Drainage Management
Cyclones
Tornadoes and Hurricanes
Hailstorm
Cloud Burst
Heat Wave and Cold Wave
Snow Avalanches
Droughts
Sea Erosion
Thunder & Lightning

13. Geologically related disasters
Earthquake
• Landslides and Mudflows
• Dam Failures/ Dam Bursts.
• Mine Fires

14. Biologically related disasters
•
•
•
•
Biological Disasters and Epidemics
Pest Attacks
Cattle Epidemics
Food Poisoning

15. Chemical, Industrial & Nuclear
related disasters
• Chemical and Industrial
Disasters
• Nuclear Disasters

16. Accident related disasters
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Forest Fires
Urban Fires
Mine Flooding
Oil Spill
Major Building Collapse
Serial Bomb Blasts
Festival related disasters
Electrical Disasters & Fires
Air, Road and Rail Accidents.
Boat Capsizing.
Village Fire

17. WHY? And WHAT about
Man made Disasters?

18. Manmade Disasters
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Urban fires
Village fire
Mine fires
Air, road and rail accidents
Boat capsizing
Electrical disasters
Chemical and industrial
disasters
Nuclear disasters
Mine flooding
Oil spill
Major building collapse
Serial bomb blasts
Festival related disasters





civil strife
communal violence
internal conflict,
“complex emergencies”
rapid or slow onset types
COMPLEX DISASTERS
urbanisation chaotic growth
policy disasters
war and civil strife
Social violence

19. The Myths about Disasters
• It Can’t Happen to Us.
• The Nature’s forces are so Deadly the
Victims will Die anyway.
• There is Nothing We Can Do.

20. THESE ARE THE TIMES WHEN
EVERYONE HAS TO HELP OUT

21. Disaster Management
• Disaster management is the discipline that
involves preparing, warning, supporting and
rebuilding societies when natural or manmade disasters occur.
• It is the continuous process in an effort to
avoid or minimize the impact of disasters
resulting from hazards.

22. DISASTER MANAGEMENT
The body of policy and administration decisions and
operational activities that pertain to various stages
of a disaster at all levels.
An applied science which seek, by systematic
observation and analysis of disasters, to improve
measures relating to prevention, mitigation,
preparedness, emergency response and recovery.
Encompass all aspects of planning for and
responding to disasters, including both pre and post
disaster activities.

23. AIMS/ GOALS OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT
• Reduce (Avoid, if possible) the
potential losses (lives &
infrastructure) from hazards.
• Reduce the risks by timely measures,
short-term and long-term policies
• Assure prompt and appropriate
assistance to victims of disaster
when necessary.
• Achieve rapid, effective, sustained
& durable recovery & rehabilitation.

24. What is Disaster Management

25. Disaster Management Cycle

26. Stages of Disaster Management Cycle
The cycle generally comprises four major stages:
1. Disaster Prevention, Preparedness and Mitigation
2. Disaster Response and Immediate Relief
3. Disaster Rehabilitation, Reconstruction and
Recovery
4. Long-term Development

28. • Prevention
• Mitigation
• Preparedness
• Response
• Rehabilitation
• Reconstruction
Six elements that defines the complete approach to
Disaster Management.

31. Disaster Preparedness Framework
COMPONENTS OF PREPAREDNESS
Vulnerability
Assessment
Planning
Institutional
Framework
Information
System
Resource
Base
Warning
Systems
Response
Mechanisms
Public
Education
and Training
Rehearsals

32. Typical Post Disaster Needs
The Initial Response
• Search, Rescue and Evacuation
• Medical Assistance
• Disaster Assessment

33. • Short term food and water
provision
• Water purification
• Epidemiological Surveillance
• Temporary shelter

34. The Secondary Response
• Repair or reconstruction
• Reestablish or create employment
• Assist with recovery of agriculture
through loans, distribution of farm
equipment and tools
• Assist with recovery of small
businesses and fisheries

35. WORKING TOGETHER WE CAN REDUCE
OUR VULNERABILITIES

36. Scale of Disaster
Is Dependent on :
•
•
•
•
•
•
Lead Time Available.
Intensity of Hazard.
Duration.
Spatial Extent.
Density of Population & Assets.
Time of Occurrence.
• Vulnerabilities existing in the
Elements at Risk.
• Hazard X Vulnerability =
Disaster

37. Role Players in Disasters
•
•
•
•
People : Individuals, House -Holds,
Volunteers
Gram Panchayat : Sarpanch, Panchayati
Secretary, Panchayat Members
Village Elders : Caste/Community/Religious
Leaders, Teachers, Doctors, Engineers,
Retired Army & Police Personnel
Govt. Deptl. Officers : Agriculture, Medical,
Engineers (Housing, Roads & Buildings,
Irrigation) Revenue Department, Public
Health, Police, Defence, NGOs

38. Hazard Vulnerability in India
drought
70%
Earthquakes
57%
Floods 12%
Landslides 3%
One million houses get damaged annually, in addition to human,
economic, social, and other losses
Cyclones 8%

39. SEISMIC ZONING MAP
Zone
Zone V
Very High Risk
Quakes of
Magnitude 8 and
greater
Zone IV
High Risk
Quakes upto
Magnitude 7.9
Zone III
Moderate Risk
Quakes upto
Magnitude 6.9
Zone II
Source: IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2002 (BIS)
Magnitude
Seismic
Disturbances upto
Magnitude 4.9

42. Major Disasters in India
1984 Bhopal Gas Tragedy
2001 Gujarat earthquake
2004 Indian Ocean tsunami
2008 Mumbai attacks
 2013Uttrakhand floods

43. Earthquake,
Oct 2005
Avalanche
, Feb
2005
MAJOR DISASTERS IN INDIA (1980-2011)
Earthquake
Uttarkashi, Oct 1991
Earthquake Chamoli,
April 1999
Kosi Floods,
Aug, 2008
Earthquake,
Bhuj Jan 2001
Flood, Assam
& Bihar 2004
Earthquake,
Latur Sept 1993
Floods
July 2005
Bhopal Gas
Disaster, Dec 1982
Super
Cyclone
Oct 1999
Tsunami
Dec 2004
Tsunami
Dec 2004
Cyclone Aila,
West Bengal,
2009

44. FLOODING IN UTTRAKHAND…
From 15 to 18 June 2013,
Indian state
of Uttrakhand and
adjoining area received
heavy rainfall, which was
about 375 percent more
than the benchmark
rainfall during a normal
monsoon.
16th and 17th June,2013
The Day of Destruction
happened in history of
UTTRAKHAND

45. HUMAN LOSS
 According to the official records 400 houses were destroyed and 265
were damaged
 4,200 villages effected
 6,000 people were dead,10,000 injured and 1,00,000 stranded
ECONOMIC LOSS
 20,000 crores loss
 Major roads, telephone towers
destroyed due, communication lost
 Tourism loss

46. RESCUE AND RELIEF OPERATION
 The Army, Air Force, Navy, Indo-Tibetan
Border Police (ITBP), Border Security Force,
National Disaster Response
Force (NDRF), Public Works Department and
local administrations worked together for
quick rescue operations.
 Several thousand soldiers were deployed for
the rescue missions.
 Activists of political and social organizations
are also involved in the rescue and
management of relief centres.
 Helicopters were used to rescue people, but
due to the rough terrain, heavy fog and
rainfall, maneuvering them was a challenge.
Even the Corporates joined hand to help the people..

47. •Struck the Odisha coast, off
Gopalpur 9.15 pm 12 October
2013
•Winds raging at 200km an hour,
storm surge of a over 3 meters
and inundating areas up to half a
kilometer inland
•873,000 people moved before
the cyclone made landfall
•100,000 were evacuated
Some 600,000 people were left
homeless after the storm swept
through 14,000 villages mainly in
coastal districts.
DEAD: Confirmed dead – 27

48. Nodal Agencies for Disaster Management
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Floods : Ministry of Water Resources, CWC
Cyclones : Indian Meteorological Department
Earthquakes : Indian Meteorological Department
Epidemics : Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
Avian Flu: Ministry of Health, Ministry of Environment, Ministry
of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry
6. Chemical Disasters : Ministry of Environment and Forests
7. Industrial Disasters : Ministry of Labour
8. Rail Accidents : Ministry of Railways
9. Air Accidents : Ministry of Civil Aviation
10. Fire : Ministry of Home Affairs
11. Nuclear Incidents : Department of Atomic Energy
12. Mine Disasters : Department of Mines

49. National Level
Disaster
Nodal Ministry
Natural Disasters Management
(other than Drought)
Ministry of Home
Affairs
Drought Relief
Ministry of Agriculture
Air Accidents
Ministry of Civil
Aviation
Railway Accidents
Ministry of Railways
Chemical Disasters
Ministry of Environment
& Forests
Biological Disasters
Ministry of Health
Nuclear Disasters
Department of Atomic
Energy

50. NATIONAL LANDMARKS IN
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
• 73rd and 74th Amendments to the Constitution
• Eleventh Schedule and Twelfth Schedule
• High Powered Committee (HPC)
• Eleventh, Twelfth and Thirteenth Finance Commissions
• Tenth and Eleventh Five Year Plans
• Disaster Management Act 2005
• National Policy on Disaster Management
• National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)

51. Management of Disaster in India
 Paradigm shift in approach.
a) From Response and Relief Centre to:i) Prevention & restoration
ii) Mitigation and Preparedness
b) From Ministry of Agriculture to Ministry of
Home in 2002.
 High power Committee under J C Pant-1999.
i) Culture of preparedness
ii) Culture of quick response
iii) Culture of strategic thinking
iv) Culture of Mitigation.
 All party National Committee under chairmanship of P.M.-2001
51

52. Disaster Management……contd.
 DM Act - 2005
i) Constitution of NDMA, SDMA, DDMA
ii) Constitution of NDRF/SDRF
iii) Provision of Mitigation/Legal Actions
iv) Responsibility to each department
 Inclusion in Five year plan
Development can not be sustainable unless D.M is built
into development process
 Recommendations by 13th Finance Commission
 Inclusion of curriculum in Education system
 Community Preparedness/Awareness.
52

54. NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE FORCE (NDRF)
10 NDRF Bns
 A Specialist Response Force with :
-High skill training
-State of the art equipments
 A Multi Disciplinary, multi skilled and high
tech Force
-for all types of disasters capable of insertion by
Air, Sea & Land
All NDRF Bns to be equipped and trained for
all natural disasters including NBC.
Dedicated exclusively for Disaster Response
54

55. NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTH
AREA OF RESPONSIBILITY OF NDRF BNS
Area of Responsibility will
be relocated once NDRF
Bns at Patna and Guntur
get operational

56. Composition of NDRF Bns
 Each Bn have 1149 personnel
 Each Bn have 18 specialist teams of 44
Members to handle natural & NBC
disasters.
Each team have Engineers, Paramedics,
Technician, Electrician, Communication
personnel & Dog squad.
 Organized, equipped and trained for all
type of disasters.
56

57. Role of education and schools
• Promoting and enabling Disaster Risk Reduction
• focus on disaster risk education in primary and
secondary schools
• to raise awareness and provide understanding of
disaster management for children, teachers and
communities.
• structural changes to improve safety in building schools
to protect children and their access to education, but
also minimise long term costs.
• students of all ages can actively study and participate in
school safety measures

58. Role of education and schools
• Students can work with teachers and other adults in the
community towards minimising risk before, during and
after disaster events.
• Methods of participatory vulnerability assessment,
capacity assessment and hazard mapping have been be
used with broader communities, schools and other
institutions.
• Government can effectively reach out to communities
and protect them by focusing on schools in DRR
initiatives to achieve greater resilience to disasters.

60. Aspects
Disasters:
Negative and Positive Aspects
Negative Aspects
Positive aspects
D
Damage
Development
I
Interruption
Innovation
S
Severe
Sharing
A
Antagonistic
Awareness
S
Scourge
Self sufficiency
T
Traumatic
Transformation
E
Emergency
Education
R
Risk
Resilience