structure in architecture

1. DEAD LOAD
Let us calculate the dead load on structure
To calculate dead load we need volume and density of the structural element

2. Example 1
Calculate the dead load of a R.C.C. beam
Size of the beam is 23 X 30 cm. Length of the beam is 5.0mt.
Calculate the dead load of beam
length 5.0 MT
Width .23 MT.
Depth .30 MT.
Volume .23 X .30 X 5.0 .345 cm3
Density of R.C.C. 2400 kg/cm3
Beam
Dead load .345 X 2400 828 kg

3. Example 2
Calculate the dead load of a Steel beam
Size of the beam is 30 cm. diameter round pipe 6mm thick
Length of the beam is 5.0mt.
Calculate the dead load of beam
length 5.0 MT
Diameter .30 MT.
Radius r .15 MT.
thickness .006 MT.
Area of hollow pipe 3.14 X(.15X .15-
.144 X .144)=
.00545
Volume 5.0 X Area .027 cm3
Density of steel 7850 kg/cm3
Beam
Dead load .027 X 7850 213 kg

4. Example 3
Calculate the dead load of a R.C.C. slab
Size of the Slab is 3.0mt by 5.0 mt., Thick ness is 12 cm.
Calculate the dead load of slab
length 5.0 MT
width 3.0 MT.
thickness .12 MT.
Volume 5.0 X 3.0 X .12 1.8 cm3
Density of R.C.C. 2400 kg/cm3
slab
Dead load 1.8 X 2400 4320 kg

5. LIVE LOAD
Let us calculate the Live load on structure
We have to refer the International building codes for live load
Live load is as per the usage of the building.

6. Example 4
Calculate the live load of a R.C.C. slab
Size of the Slab is 3.0mt by 5.0 mt., Thickness is 12 cm.
Calculate the live load on slab for residential building.
length 5.0 MT
width 3.0 MT.
Area 5.0 X 3.0 15 SMT
Live load for 200 kg/ SMT
residential building
Live load 15 X 200 3000 kg

7. Example 5
Calculate the live load of a R.C.C. slab
Size of the Slab is 3.0mt by 5.0 mt., Thickness is 12 cm.
Calculate the live load on slab for school building.
length 5.0 MT
width 3.0 MT.
Area 5.0 X 3.0 15 SMT
Live load for 300 kg/ SMT
residential building
Live load 15 X 300 4500 kg

8. Spanning systems of R.C.C. Slab
One-way slabs
One way slabs are spanning in one direction, Suitable for 1.8 to 5.0 MT.
Also suitable for moderate loads
One way slabs are supported by concrete beams or load bearing walls
In short direction
Two–way slabs
Two way slabs are spanning in two direction,
Suitable for medium spans and heavy loads
When we transfer the load of slab
it should be transferred in one way slab
to adjoining longer side of wall or beam half –half
it should be transferred in two way slab
on all four sides of wall or beam.