A Journey Into the Emotions of Software Developers
The Effectiveness of Management Planning in Ontario's Provincial Parks: A Human Dimensions Perspective
1. The Effectiveness of Management Planning in Ontario's
Provincial Parks:
A Human Dimensions Perspective
Ryan Garnett, Nicholina Youroukos and R.J. Payne,
School of Outdoor Recreation, Parks & Tourism,
Lakehead University,
Thunder Bay, Ontario
Parks and Protected Areas
Research Forum of Manitoba (PPARFM)
Winnipeg, Manitoba
January 20-21, 2011
2. Effectiveness of Management Planning
Introduction
Ontario's Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves Act (2006)
Ecological integrity
Ecologically sustainable outdoor recreation
Park Management Planning Manual
Process modeled on timber management planning
18 guidelines to be scrutinized by the Environmental Commissioner of
Ontario
To be posted on the Environmental Registry website
Can this process be effective in producing management plans to meet the
requirements on the new legislation?
3. Effectiveness of Management Planning
Management Effectiveness
Process approach
Hockings (2003)
Planning: appropriateness
Inputs: data, information and knowledge
Human Dimensions
People: numbers, expectations, activities, locations, impacts
Planning and managing parks requires data, information and knowledge about
people
Our approach
Two aspects of the process, both requiring data, information and knowledge
Values and Zoning
4. Effectiveness of Management Planning
Values
Values are “... specific attribute[s] or feature[s] (Aboriginal, cultural, ecological
or recreational) within a protected area that may require additional/special
consideration during the planning process and subsequent management.”
(OMNR, 2009)
These are agency values; are they people's (Aboriginal or non-Aboriginal)
values?
Personal and cultural values reside with people
Does Ontario Parks have access to such data or information?
Perhaps: Ontario Parks Camper Survey provides data on who, what, why,
where
Every three years
Electronic data collection
Large sample size (~35,000 respondents)
Adapt it to understand how and why people use parks
5. Effectiveness of Management Planning
Zoning
Zoning is meant to reconcile visitor use and protection
Does Ontario Parks have data or information to assist with the human
dimensions aspects of zoning?
Perhaps, but analysis required, and geo-referencing to put users in
park spaces
How can human dimensions information help: an example using Quetico
Provincial Park
Wilderness Perception Mapping (WPM) is a technique to apply wilderness
recreationalists' values of features, land usage and management strategies to
a geospatial context for park management planning
Wilderness perception depends on visitors' characteristics
Three different views of wilderness zoning in Quetico depending on users
6. Effectiveness of Management Planning
Perceptual Level
Feature to Buffer Non Purist Neutralist Moderate Purist Purist
Artifactualism
Campsites 1 km 2 km
Maintained tracks 1 km
Huts / shelters 1 km
Logging sites / roads 1 km 1 km 2 km 3 km
Hydro-development 1 km 2 km 3 km
Mining sites 1 km 1 km 2 km 3 km
Remoteness
Roads:
Sealed 1 km 1 km 2 km 3 km
Metaled 1 km 2 km 3 km
4WD 1 km 2 km
Foot tracks 1 km
Airfields:
Aerodromes 1 km 1 km 2 km 3 km
Airstrips 1 km 2 km 2 km
Naturalness
Vegetation cover: 1 km 1 km 1 km 2 km
Urban/crop/pasture 1 km 1 km 2 km
Exotic scrub 1 km 2 km
Exotic forest
Solitude
Tracks with unacceptable use 1 km 1 km 1 km
Huts with unacceptable use 1 km 1 km 1 km
Campsites with unacceptable use 1 km 1 km 1 km
10. Effectiveness of Management Planning
Conclusions
Is Ontario Parks' Management Planning Process effective from a Human Dimensions point of
view?
No, it fails to incorporate people's values into the process
This, in spite of reasonable data on visitors, regularly collected
No, it fails to incorporate visitor data and information in zoning
No, the process itself, a timber management planning process, is not
appropriate for park management planning
Questions?