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Protecting the Agri-Business:
Managing Contracts, Trademarks and
Non-Disclosure Agreements
Fifth Annual Ohio Agricultural Law
Symposium
June 24, 2013
By Cari B. Rincker, Esq.
Who I Am
• Food and agriculture law
practice in New York
• Chair of the ABA, General
Practice, Solo & Small
Firm Division’s Agriculture
Law Committee
• Client bases ranges from
livestock producers & food
entrepreneurs to mid-size
agri-businesses
Overview
• Confidentiality and
Non-Disclosure
Agreements
• Contract management
• Trademarks and other
Intellectual Property
Concerns
Non-Disclosure Agreements (“NDA’s”)
Non-Disclosure Agreements
• Applicability
• Types of NDA’s
• Anatomy of an NDA
• Alternative Provisions
• Maintaining Records
• Practical Pointers
Applicability
2 Common Situations:
– When a farm or agri-
business is entering into
business discussions with
another party
– When a farm or agri-
business wants to bind its
employees or independent
contractors to maintain
confidentiality
Is it a One-Way or Two-Way Street?
2 Types:
– Mutual or Bilateral
• Most NDA’s are bilateral –
business discussions are
usually a two-way street
– One-sided or Unilateral
• NDA’s with employees and
independent contracts are
usually unilateral
Anatomy of an NDA
• The following broad issues
should be addressed:
– Who will be exchanging
confidential information?
– What is the purpose of the
exchange of confidential
information?
– What type of information is to
be considered “confidential” for
protection under the NDA?
– How can this confidential
information be used and by
whom?
Anatomy of an NDA
• The following broad issues
should be addressed:
– How will the secrecy of the
confidential information be
maintained?
– How long will the
confidentiality of the
information be maintained?
– What are the consequences
of a breach or misuse of the
confidential information?
Anatomy of an NDA
Contact Information
– The NDA should use the
parties’ legal name,
address, and state of
incorporation (if
appropriate).
• It may be prudent to ask the
other party for a Certificate
of Good Standing from its
Department of State.
• Should it include the
SSN/FEIN of each party?
Anatomy of an NDA
Purpose of the NDA
– The purpose of the NDA
should be properly
identified to help narrow
what information is to
be considered
confidential.
– The NDA should state
that usage of
confidential information
should be limited to this
purpose.
Example Purpose Clause
The Receiving Party has shown interest in the
__________ [farm/agri-business] processes of
the Disclosing Party, and in the Disclosing Party’s
ability to utilize these processes to meet the
commercial needs of the Receiving Party (the
“Purpose”).
Example Purpose Clause
WHEREAS, [Farm/Agri-Business Client] and
Company wish to exchange information of a
proprietary and confidential nature relating to
the business of [Farm/Agri-Business Client] and
Company’s current and future products and
product plans (collectively the “Confidential
Information”) for the purpose of determining
the usefulness of the [Farm/Agri-Business
Client] products to Company (the “Purpose”).
Anatomy of an NDA
Depending on the
Purpose of the NDA, it
should state that there
is no obligation to enter
into business
relationship which they
are exploring.
Example Provision
Mutual Obligations. Neither Party shall
assign this Agreement without the prior
written permission of the other Party.
Neither Party shall have the obligation to
purchase from or furnish to the other Party
any products or services under this
Agreement.
Anatomy of an NDA
Permitted Parties
– Who may or may not be privy
to any disclosed confidential
information should be clearly
identified.
– This may include employees
and independent contractors
on a “need to know” basis so
long as they are bound by
written agreement to
maintain confidentiality.
Anatomy of an NDA
Permitted Use
– NDA should state the
permitted use to ensure
Confidential Information is
limited to this use
• Important to have an
affirmative obligation not to
disclose the discloser’s
confidential information
except for the use
• Usually restricted to
employees and advisors on a
“need to know” basis for the
defined purpose of the NDA
Examples “Permitted Parties” Clause
Upon receiving Confidential Information from the Disclosing Party, the Recipient shall
limit its use of the Disclosing Party's Confidential Information to the Permitted
Purpose, and permit the Disclosing Party's Confidential Information to be viewed and
used only by Permitted Parties for Permitted Purposes.
(a) “Permitted Parties” means:
(i) those of Recipient's employees and consultants;
(A) who are directly involved in the Recipient's use of the Disclosing Party's
Confidential Information;
(B) who have been advised of the Recipient's obligations of confidence in
respect of the Disclosing Party's Confidential Information; and
(C) who have agreed in writing to honor personally those obligations of
confidence.
(ii) the Recipient's professional advisors who have by their profession a duty of
confidence, or who agree in writing to hold the Confidential Information in
confidence
Example “Permitted Use” Clause
The Parties agree to hold the other's
Confidential Information in trust and not to
make each other's Confidential Information
available in any form to any third party or to
use each other's Confidential Information
for any purpose, other than in connection
with the performance of this Agreement.
Example “Permitted Use” Clause
Upon receiving Confidential Information from
the Disclosing Party, the Recipient shall limit
its use of the Disclosing Party's Confidential
Information to the Permitted Purpose.
Example Clause
Obligations of the Receiving Party. Except as set forth
hereto, Receiving Party agrees that it shall:
(a) not publish, copy, or disclose any Confidential
Information other to disclose said Confidential
Information to third parties except the Receiving Party’s
employees and independent contractors that need to
know in order to use and/or evaluate the Confidential
Information for the Purpose and are bound by a written
agreement with the Receiving Party not to disclose any
Confidential Information that comes into their possession
through their employment or independent contractor
agreement.
Anatomy of an NDA
Identification of
Confidential Information
– Special attention should
be made to how
“Confidential
Information” is defined
in the NDA to ensure it
properly includes every
possible disclosure.
– This may include ideas,
concepts, know-how,
trade secrets,
intellectual property,
business plans and
financial information.
Anatomy of an NDA
Identification of
Confidential Information.
– Keep in mind that
disclosures may be either
written or oral; thus, the
NDA should state how the
Confidential Information
will be identified in either
form.
– Some NDA’s require
written confirmation
within thirty (30) days
after oral disclosure.
Example Definition of
“Confidential Information”
Confidential Information. For the purposes of this Agreement,
Confidential Information shall mean any information communicated,
whether written or verbal, disclosed by the disclosing party, its
affiliates, employees or agents (the “Disclosing Party”) to the other
Party, its affiliates, employees or agents (the “Receiving Party”),
pertaining to or regarding the services or business or business plans,
financial condition, sales, research, strategies, products,
developments, methodologies, techniques, processes, plans,
customers, distributors, suppliers, properties, operations, prospect
lists, trade secrets, proposed trade names, know-how, ideas,
,concepts, designs, drawings, flow charts, diagrams and other
intellectual property relating to the Purpose furnished and identified
as being confidential by the Disclosing Party to the Receiving Party.
Disclosing Party shall identify Confidential Information verbally when
in discussion and in written form when exchanging documents.
Example Definition of
“Confidential Information”
For purposes of this Agreement, “Confidential
Information” means nonpublic ideas, discoveries,
designs, trade secrets, technology, product
information, specifications, software, business and
marketing plans, business methods, cost
information, forecasts, customer information,
supplier information and other business
information of or relating to the Disclosing Party
and shall include all notes, analyses, compilations,
studies, or other material prepared by the Receiving
Party.
Anatomy of an NDA
Exceptions (or “Carve Outs”). Typical exceptions
to confidentiality include the following:
– if known prior to the date of disclosure,
– is in the public domain,
– was lawfully communicated to the recipient by a
third-party,
– was independently developed by employees,
– written release by the disclosing party, and
– when the law requires disclosure (e.g., court order
or subpoena) allowing the disclosing party
reasonable notice to obtain a protective order.
Example “Carve Outs” Provision
When Receiving Party Has No Obligations of Confidentiality. Not withstanding the foregoing, the Disclosing Party
agrees that the Receiving Party shall have no obligations for the non-use or concealment of Confidential Information
when said Confidential Information:
(a) was known by the Receiving Party free of any obligation of confidence prior to the date of such disclosure as
evidenced by the Receiving Party’s written records and Receiving Party promptly notifies Disclosing Party in writing
identifying said written records;
(b) was in the public domain, and reasonably known to have been public, prior to the time that it was received;
(c) becomes reasonably known to the public subsequent to the date it was received not through an act or failure to
act on the part of the Receiving Party;
(d) was rightfully communicated by a third party to the Receiving Party having a bona fide right to disclose
Confidential Information subsequent to the time of the Disclosing Party’s written or verbal communication to the
Receiving Party;
(e) was developed by employees or agents of a Party independently of and without reference to any Confidential
Information or other information that the Disclosing Party has communicated in confidence to the Receiving Party;
(f) is approved for release by written authorization from the Disclosing Party; or,
(g) is disclosed pursuant to an order of any court having proper jurisdiction or as required by any agency of
government having proper jurisdiction, under its applicable laws and regulations and Receiving Party gives Disclosing
Party written advance notice of any disclosure or planned disclosure in order to permit Disclosing Party to make
objections to the disclosure.
Anatomy of an NDA
Security
– The parties to a NDA
should take reasonable
safeguards to protect the
Confidential Information.
– The other party should
be promptly notified in
writing if there has been
a breach of
confidentiality.
Example “Security” Clause
Each party shall ensure that the other party's
Confidential Information is not disclosed or
distributed by its employees or agents in breach
of this Agreement.
Example “Security” Clause
Obligations of the Receiving Party. Except as set forth hereto, Receiving Party agrees that it shall:
* * *
(b) limit its use of the Confidential Information to the Purpose unless it obtains the prior written
consent of the other Party to any other use;
(c) take all steps reasonably necessary to prevent the disclosure of Confidential Information to third
parties for the Time Period defined in Paragraph X, but in any event exercising not less than the level of
care exercised to safeguard its own confidential information or the standard in the community;
(d) not make copies of any of the Confidential Information received by it in writing from the Disclosing
Party and shall return promptly to the Disclosing Party, upon its request, any and all of the Confidential
Information, including, but not limited to, writings, software or other documents furnished under oath
or in connection with this Agreement;
(e) not remove any propriety, copyright, or trade secret from any form of the Confidential Information;
and,
(f) not use nor exploit for commercial or non-commercial use any of the Discloser’s Information except
as expressly authorized in writing by the Disclosing Party.
Anatomy of an NDA
Notification of Breach
of Security
– Receiving Party should
disclose any breach of
security to Disclosing
Party
Example “Notification of Breach” Clause
The Recipient shall notify the Disclosing Party
immediately upon discovery of any loss,
unauthorized disclosure or use of the Disclosing
Party's confidential information attributable to
the Recipient.
Example “Notification” Clause
The Recipient shall notify the Disclosing Party promptly
upon the discovery that any of the Disclosing Party's
Confidential Information has been, or is reasonably
believed to have been, or there is a reasonable likelihood
that it will be accessed or otherwise acquired by an
unauthorized person and there is a reasonable risk that
such information has been or will be misused.
“Promptness” for the notification shall depend on the
nature of the loss or unauthorized access and the nature
of the information lost or accessed as well as the severity
of the loss or harm that the Disclosing Party could suffer
as a result of such a loss or misuse.
Anatomy of an NDA
Term
– A typical term for NDA’s
in the business
community is three to
five years.
– Please note that some
NDA’s measure this term
from the date of
disclosure
Example Term Clause
The parties agree to hold each other's
Confidential Information in the strictest
confidence during the term and for a
period of three (3) years after the
Effective Date of this Agreement (the
“Term”).
Anatomy of an NDA
Procedures Upon
Termination.
– The NDA should discuss
how confidential
information should be
treated at the end of the
term.
• For example, should the
recipient return copies or
destroy all written
materials?
• May the recipient maintain
a copy of all written
materials?
Example Clause
At the written request of the Disclosing Party,
the Receiving Party shall return all Confidential
Information, except for a single copy thereof
which may be retained for the sole purpose of
determining the scope of the obligations of the
Receiving Party.
Anatomy of an NDA
Ownership
– It is paramount that the
NDA state that the disclosing
party retains ownership to
the Confidential
Information.
– Some NDA’s include a
“feedback exception”
identifying ownership of all
suggestions made during
business negotiation
Example Ownership Clause
Rights of the Disclosing Party. Disclosing Party
shall retain title to all forms of its Confidential
Information, including but not limited to, written
documentation disclosed for the Purpose of this
Agreement and all copies thereof. It is understood
that the Disclosing Party has not construed to grant
or to convey to the Receiving Party, expressly or
impliedly, any right or license or any other right
under any copyrights, patents or patent
applications or any other proprietary right of the
Disclosing Party of the Confidential Information.
Anatomy of an NDA
Relationship of the
Parties
– The NDA should note
the relationship
between the parties.
– For example, it should
likely state that the
parties are not in a
joint venture, agency
or partnership.
Example Clause
No Joint Venture. The Parties have no intent whatsoever
to create a joint venture, partnership or other formal
business association. The Parties are not part of, and
expressly disclaim the existence of, any enterprise, trade
or venture over which they share mutual ownership,
control or profit, or otherwise derive a common benefit.
Neither Party has the right or responsibility to assume or
create any debts or obligations, express or implied, on
behalf of or in the name of the other party, or to bind the
other party in any manner whatsoever. Neither Party will
claim the existence of any such joint venture, partnership,
or other formal business association as a result of this
Agreement.
Anatomy of an NDA
How Disputes Will be
Settled
– The NDA should
address how a
dispute will be
settled, under what
state’s law, and
whether attorneys’
fees and costs can be
recovered for a
prevailing party.
Anatomy of an NDA
How Disputes Will be
Settled
– The NDA should
memorialize any
preferences towards
Alternative Dispute
Resolution (“ADR”)
including mediation or
arbitration.
– If the parties wish to
litigate a dispute or
emergency, the NDA
should identify which
state’s courts may be
used.
Anatomy of an NDA
Miscellaneous Provisions
– Prohibition of Assignment
– Waiver Clause
– Severability Clause – If court
holds one clause invalid the
remaining NDA will be valid
– Integration Clause - Is it the
“Entire Agreement” and
supersedes all prior
agreements?
– Will it be signed in
counterparts via fax?
Alternative Provisions
Residual Memory Clause
– Gives Receiving Party the right to use any
Confidential Information retained in the unaided
memories of their employees who had access to
to the information
– Typical with large technology companies due to
fear of getting sued if they develop similar
technology
– Inappropriate in most cases
Alternative Provisions
Obligation to Provide Complete and/or
Accurate Information
– Impose an obligation to disclose complete and/or
accurate information
– Most parties will resist a warranty of
completeness or accuracy, especially if trade
secrets and know-how are involved
• Reasonable that inaccurate or incomplete information
will be exchanged
Example Provision
(i) The Disclosing Party shall provide the
Recipient with all information in the
possession of the Disclosing Party
reasonably necessary for the Recipient to
assess the merits of the Purpose of the
Agreement.
(ii) The Disclosing Party warrants that the
information disclosed to the Recipient will
be accurate.
Alternative Provisions
• Feedback Exception
– In a bilateral NDA where
the Receiving Party offers
suggestions to improve the
value of the confidential
information, can the
Disclosing Party freely use
that information? Is the
feedback confidential?
• Most NDA’s are silent on this
issue
• May dampen open dialogue
Example Feedback Exception
Confidential Information shall not include information that constitutes
Feedback, where “Feedback” is defined as suggestions, comments, or
other feedback to the Disclosing Party with respect to Confidential
Information provided originally by the Disclosing Party. It is
acknowledged that the Recipient may from time to time provide
Feedback, and it is agreed that all Feedback is provided entirely
voluntarily. Feedback, even if designated as confidential by the party
offering the Feedback, shall not, absent a separate written agreement,
create any confidentiality obligation for the recipient of the Feedback.
Subject to any separate agreement between the parties, the recipient
of Feedback shall be free to use, disclose, reproduce, license or
otherwise distribute, and exploit the Feedback as it sees fit, entirely
without obligation or restriction of any kind on account of intellectual
property rights or otherwise.
Alternative Provisions
• Non-Compete Clause
– Should be stricken out
unless it is an
employment NDA
– Must be reasonable in
time, scope and
geography
Alternative Provisions
Indemnification
– Disclosing Party should
indemnify for any
breach or threatened
breach of the NDA
– Rarely see this in NDA’s
but recommended in
some situations
Maintaining Records
• Keep all scanned copies
of NDA’s in an “NDA File”
• Keep an excel
spreadsheet with NDA
info
– Link to electronic scan of
NDA with excel
spreadsheet
– Calendar deadlines
Maintaining Records
Keep an excel spreadsheet with all NDA’s
– Parties/ Contact Info
– Purpose of NDA
– Effective Date
– Term/ Expiration Date
– Material Terms
– Duty to identify confidential information
– Employees/independent contractors who have been
privy to the confidential information
– Duty to return confidential information
– Choice of Law
– Dispute Resolution
– Special Notes
Practical Pointers
• After taking time to learn NDA’s, I can review a
NDA very quickly for clients
• Trying to sell standard NDA agreements for
clients on flat-fee basis (hourly for negotiation
and edits).
• Under-utilized in the food and agriculture
industry, especially with farms
• Whose NDA form is used in a negotiation?
Practical Pointers
• Small to mid-size agri-
businesses may have
several NDA’s
• If hired to do
NDA/contract
management, try to
point out problematic
NDA’s to client and note
these issues in the excel
spreadsheet
Contract Management
Contract Management
• Scanning Contracts
(including NDA’s)
• Making an excel
spreadsheet
• Calendaring contract
expiration dates (ample
notice) and automatic
renewal dates
• Note issues with
existing contracts
Contract Management on Excel
• Parties
• Type of Contract
• Contract Name
• Effective Date
• Date(s) signed by
Parties
• Is the contract on file
signed by both Parties?
Contract Management on Excel
• Term of the contract (if
specified)
• Expiration Date
• Automatic Renewal Date
and Term
– Notice Period before
automatic renewal (30 to
60 days written notice)
• Whether the
contract/NDA has expired
Contract Management on Excel
• Purpose of the
Contract/NDA
• Material Terms
• Choice of Law
• Indemnification clause?
• Is there a confidentiality
clause in the Contract?
If yes, material terms
Contract Management on Excel
• Dispute Resolution
• Notes/ Issues
• Mark on the
spreadsheet that it was
prepared by an
attorney
– Mark Confidential and
Attorney-Client Privilege
Practical Pointers
• Can be a big project,
depending on how
long the farm or agri-
business has been in
business and how
many contracts can be
located
• Only looking for major
points
• Issue spotting for
potential problems
Practical Pointers
• Helps give you a greater
understanding of client
and business relationships
• Helpful for both you &
client to see big picture
– Know what contracts have
expired (may need to be
extended)
– Has obligation for
confidentiality already
expired?
Practical Pointers
• Add new contracts
and NDA’s on the
spreadsheet
• Calendar reminders to
review certain
contacts within X days
before they
automatically renew
or expire
Trademarks and Other Intellectual
Property Concerns
Overview
• Overview of the Types
of Intellectual Property
• More on Trademarks
• Trademark Applications
• Trademark Renewals
• Trademark
Management
Overview of the Types of
Intellectual Property
• Copyrights
– Provided to the authors of "original works of
authorship," including literary, dramatic, musical,
artistic, and certain other intellectual works, both
published and unpublished.
– Copyright protection comes into being as soon as
an expression is recorded in some manner (in
writing, in audio recording, etc.).
– These works may be registered with the U.S.
Copyright Office.
© Rincker Law, PLLC, 2013
Overview of the Types of
Intellectual Property
• Trademarks
– identifying mark for consumers in connection with
particular goods or services.
– can take place in many forms including a word,
name, symbol, device, sound, fragrance or “trade
dress” of a food product packaging.
– When this mark is used in commerce, it helps
distinguish the origin of the goods or services.
Overview of the Types of
Intellectual Property
• Patents
– Inventions
– 3 types:
• Utility Patents
• Design Patents
• Plant Patents
More on Trademarks
• Trademark – goods
– TM
– Rincker Beef™
• Servicemark – services
– SM
– Blackacre Ranch
Photography℠
• ® mark only when
registered
More on Trademarks
• Wordmark
– Standard character
– Stylized
• Design Mark
– Logo (with or without
words)
– Can claim color(s) as
part of the mark
• Sound Mark
More on Trademarks
• To be registered with
the U.S. Patent and
Trademark Office, the
mark should be utilized
in interstate commerce
– Can file an “Intent to
Use” if not using it yet in
interstate commerce
– Must state date that it
was first used and first
used in interstate
commerce
More on Trademarks
• Recommend checking the USPTO registry
before starting a business to make sure it does
not infringe on another mark
• Run a basic search for clients who wish file a
trademark
• Also run a search on Google for the word mark
and image
• In some circumstances, helpful to hire a
professional searcher (e.g., Corsearch)
More on Trademarks
• “Common Law
Trademark Rights”
– First in Use, First in Right
– Simply because someone
hasn’t registered a
trademark, doesn’t mean
that they don’t have
trademark rights for a
certain class of goods or
services
– Registration gives a
rebuttable presumption
that the owner was the
first to use the mark
• Can still be sued for
trademark infringement
More on Trademarks
• “Principal Registry”
– Once a mark is on the Principal Registry for 15 years, it
is no longer contestable
• “Secondary Registry”
– Surnames
– Trademarks that have secondary meanings
– Must show exclusive, continuous use for 5 years
before getting on Principal Registry
– Can still use ® and enforce trademark rights
– Don’t license the mark to another entity
More on Trademarks
• Getting on the “Principal Registry”
– The mark must be distinctive
– Categories:
• Arbitrary or fanciful (e.g., Kraft cheese, Aunt Jemima
syrup)
• Suggestive (“AgVance”)
• Descriptive (“merely descriptive”) (e.g., “Red Apples”)
– Will go on Supplemental Register until it gains distinctiveness
– “Yellow Pages” and “Software Solutions Integrated, LLC”
• Generic (“farm” “agriculture”)
More on Trademarks
• Getting on “Principal
Registry”
– Mark must be non-
functional in order to
distinguish it from
patents
• Must be a brand
identifier
– Use in interstate
commerce
• Can file trademark with
state if used only in
intrastate commerce
More on Trademarks
• Licenses
– Once on the Principal Registry,
the Owner may license the
mark to other entities using it
within the same class of goods
or services
• Assignments
– If a farms sells or buys another
business, including trademark
rights, the assignment must be
submitted to the USPTO
Trademark Applications
• Practical Pointers
– You will need a specimen
showing use of the mark in
interstate commerce
(unless it is an intent to use
application)
• Be careful about use of
advertising materials (e.g.,
brochures)
• Make sure the specimen
doesn’t have the ℠, ™ or ®
Trademark Applications
• I always complete the initial application and any
responses to office actions online
http://www.uspto.gov/trademarks/teas/index.jsp
• It will be reviewed by an USPTO attorney
– He/she will issue an office action if corrections need
made
– USPTO attorney can be helpful in correcting application
– With design mark descriptions, I usually just use the
suggestion from USPTO
• Will be published in the Official Gazette
Trademark Renewals
• Calendar Renewal Deadlines
– 6 yrs
– 10 yrs
– Every decade thereafter
• Explain renewal deadlines to
client in cover letter with the
USPTO registration certificate
• Calendar in multiple locations
• Warn client of renewal spam
mail
Trademark Spreadsheet
• General Trademark
Description
• Design or Word Mark?
• Image of Design Mark
or Stylized Mark
• Goods or Services?
Description Design or Word Mark Image Goods or Services
Agvance
Logo with C
Design Mark Goods
Agvance word Word Mark –
Standard Character
Goods
Agvance Logo Design Mark Goods
Form-U-Share Word Mark - Stylized Services
FUS Design
Mark
Goods
Software Solutions
Integrated, LLC – word
Word Mark –
Standard Character
Goods
SSI logo Design
Mark
Goods
SSI logo 1 – Intent to
Use
Design Mark Goods
SSI logo 2- Intent to
Use
Design Mark Goods
SSI logo 3- Intent to
Use
Design Mark Goods
Trademark Spreadsheet
• Class
• Description of
Goods/Services
• First Use
• First Use in Commercial
• Serial Number
(Application)
• Filing Date
Trademark Spreadsheet
• Filing Basis (e.g., Use in
Commerce)
• Date it was published for
opposition
• Attorney of Record (&
contact info)
• Registrant Owner
• Current Owner
• Date of Assignment with
USPTO (if applicable)
Trademark Spreadsheet
• Colors Claims
• Description of the Mark
(used with application/
registration)
• Design Search Codes
• Wordmark (“AGVANCE,
FORM-U-SHARE, S SSI
SOFTWARE SOLUTIONS
INTEGRATED, LLC”)
Trademark Spreadsheet
• Disclaimer
– No exclusive right to
use “Software
Solutions” or “LLC”
separate from the
mark
– No exclusive right to
use “Breed” separate
from “Breed Lautner”
Trademark Spreadsheet
• Date Registered
• Registry
– Principal or
– Supplemental
• Cancelation Date (if
applicable)
• Status
– Live
– Dead
Trademark Spreadsheet
• Renewal Date(s)
• Notes on Office Actions
and Responses
• Links to scanned
documents on hard
drive, including:
– Application receipt
– Office Actions
– Specimens
– Registration certificate
– Client correspondence
Trademark Spreadsheet
• Make sure to mark it
attorney/client
privileged
• Add section for notes,
including important
statutory references
• Great way to look at
big picture for client’s
registered trademarks
Please Stay in Touch
• Send Me Snail Mail: 535 Fifth Avenue, 4th Floor,
New York, NY 10017
• Call Me: (212) 427-2049 (office)
• Email Me: cari@rinckerlaw.com
• Visit My Website: www.rinckerlaw.com
• Read My Food & Ag Law Blog: www.rinckerlaw.com/blog
• Tweet Me: @CariRincker @RinckerLaw
• Facebook Me: www.facebook.com/rinckerlaw
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• Skype Me: Cari.Rincker

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Protecting the Agri-Business: Managing Contracts, Trademarks and Non-Disclosure Agreements

  • 1. Protecting the Agri-Business: Managing Contracts, Trademarks and Non-Disclosure Agreements Fifth Annual Ohio Agricultural Law Symposium June 24, 2013 By Cari B. Rincker, Esq.
  • 2. Who I Am • Food and agriculture law practice in New York • Chair of the ABA, General Practice, Solo & Small Firm Division’s Agriculture Law Committee • Client bases ranges from livestock producers & food entrepreneurs to mid-size agri-businesses
  • 3. Overview • Confidentiality and Non-Disclosure Agreements • Contract management • Trademarks and other Intellectual Property Concerns
  • 5. Non-Disclosure Agreements • Applicability • Types of NDA’s • Anatomy of an NDA • Alternative Provisions • Maintaining Records • Practical Pointers
  • 6. Applicability 2 Common Situations: – When a farm or agri- business is entering into business discussions with another party – When a farm or agri- business wants to bind its employees or independent contractors to maintain confidentiality
  • 7. Is it a One-Way or Two-Way Street? 2 Types: – Mutual or Bilateral • Most NDA’s are bilateral – business discussions are usually a two-way street – One-sided or Unilateral • NDA’s with employees and independent contracts are usually unilateral
  • 8. Anatomy of an NDA • The following broad issues should be addressed: – Who will be exchanging confidential information? – What is the purpose of the exchange of confidential information? – What type of information is to be considered “confidential” for protection under the NDA? – How can this confidential information be used and by whom?
  • 9. Anatomy of an NDA • The following broad issues should be addressed: – How will the secrecy of the confidential information be maintained? – How long will the confidentiality of the information be maintained? – What are the consequences of a breach or misuse of the confidential information?
  • 10. Anatomy of an NDA Contact Information – The NDA should use the parties’ legal name, address, and state of incorporation (if appropriate). • It may be prudent to ask the other party for a Certificate of Good Standing from its Department of State. • Should it include the SSN/FEIN of each party?
  • 11. Anatomy of an NDA Purpose of the NDA – The purpose of the NDA should be properly identified to help narrow what information is to be considered confidential. – The NDA should state that usage of confidential information should be limited to this purpose.
  • 12. Example Purpose Clause The Receiving Party has shown interest in the __________ [farm/agri-business] processes of the Disclosing Party, and in the Disclosing Party’s ability to utilize these processes to meet the commercial needs of the Receiving Party (the “Purpose”).
  • 13. Example Purpose Clause WHEREAS, [Farm/Agri-Business Client] and Company wish to exchange information of a proprietary and confidential nature relating to the business of [Farm/Agri-Business Client] and Company’s current and future products and product plans (collectively the “Confidential Information”) for the purpose of determining the usefulness of the [Farm/Agri-Business Client] products to Company (the “Purpose”).
  • 14. Anatomy of an NDA Depending on the Purpose of the NDA, it should state that there is no obligation to enter into business relationship which they are exploring.
  • 15. Example Provision Mutual Obligations. Neither Party shall assign this Agreement without the prior written permission of the other Party. Neither Party shall have the obligation to purchase from or furnish to the other Party any products or services under this Agreement.
  • 16. Anatomy of an NDA Permitted Parties – Who may or may not be privy to any disclosed confidential information should be clearly identified. – This may include employees and independent contractors on a “need to know” basis so long as they are bound by written agreement to maintain confidentiality.
  • 17. Anatomy of an NDA Permitted Use – NDA should state the permitted use to ensure Confidential Information is limited to this use • Important to have an affirmative obligation not to disclose the discloser’s confidential information except for the use • Usually restricted to employees and advisors on a “need to know” basis for the defined purpose of the NDA
  • 18. Examples “Permitted Parties” Clause Upon receiving Confidential Information from the Disclosing Party, the Recipient shall limit its use of the Disclosing Party's Confidential Information to the Permitted Purpose, and permit the Disclosing Party's Confidential Information to be viewed and used only by Permitted Parties for Permitted Purposes. (a) “Permitted Parties” means: (i) those of Recipient's employees and consultants; (A) who are directly involved in the Recipient's use of the Disclosing Party's Confidential Information; (B) who have been advised of the Recipient's obligations of confidence in respect of the Disclosing Party's Confidential Information; and (C) who have agreed in writing to honor personally those obligations of confidence. (ii) the Recipient's professional advisors who have by their profession a duty of confidence, or who agree in writing to hold the Confidential Information in confidence
  • 19. Example “Permitted Use” Clause The Parties agree to hold the other's Confidential Information in trust and not to make each other's Confidential Information available in any form to any third party or to use each other's Confidential Information for any purpose, other than in connection with the performance of this Agreement.
  • 20. Example “Permitted Use” Clause Upon receiving Confidential Information from the Disclosing Party, the Recipient shall limit its use of the Disclosing Party's Confidential Information to the Permitted Purpose.
  • 21. Example Clause Obligations of the Receiving Party. Except as set forth hereto, Receiving Party agrees that it shall: (a) not publish, copy, or disclose any Confidential Information other to disclose said Confidential Information to third parties except the Receiving Party’s employees and independent contractors that need to know in order to use and/or evaluate the Confidential Information for the Purpose and are bound by a written agreement with the Receiving Party not to disclose any Confidential Information that comes into their possession through their employment or independent contractor agreement.
  • 22. Anatomy of an NDA Identification of Confidential Information – Special attention should be made to how “Confidential Information” is defined in the NDA to ensure it properly includes every possible disclosure. – This may include ideas, concepts, know-how, trade secrets, intellectual property, business plans and financial information.
  • 23. Anatomy of an NDA Identification of Confidential Information. – Keep in mind that disclosures may be either written or oral; thus, the NDA should state how the Confidential Information will be identified in either form. – Some NDA’s require written confirmation within thirty (30) days after oral disclosure.
  • 24. Example Definition of “Confidential Information” Confidential Information. For the purposes of this Agreement, Confidential Information shall mean any information communicated, whether written or verbal, disclosed by the disclosing party, its affiliates, employees or agents (the “Disclosing Party”) to the other Party, its affiliates, employees or agents (the “Receiving Party”), pertaining to or regarding the services or business or business plans, financial condition, sales, research, strategies, products, developments, methodologies, techniques, processes, plans, customers, distributors, suppliers, properties, operations, prospect lists, trade secrets, proposed trade names, know-how, ideas, ,concepts, designs, drawings, flow charts, diagrams and other intellectual property relating to the Purpose furnished and identified as being confidential by the Disclosing Party to the Receiving Party. Disclosing Party shall identify Confidential Information verbally when in discussion and in written form when exchanging documents.
  • 25. Example Definition of “Confidential Information” For purposes of this Agreement, “Confidential Information” means nonpublic ideas, discoveries, designs, trade secrets, technology, product information, specifications, software, business and marketing plans, business methods, cost information, forecasts, customer information, supplier information and other business information of or relating to the Disclosing Party and shall include all notes, analyses, compilations, studies, or other material prepared by the Receiving Party.
  • 26. Anatomy of an NDA Exceptions (or “Carve Outs”). Typical exceptions to confidentiality include the following: – if known prior to the date of disclosure, – is in the public domain, – was lawfully communicated to the recipient by a third-party, – was independently developed by employees, – written release by the disclosing party, and – when the law requires disclosure (e.g., court order or subpoena) allowing the disclosing party reasonable notice to obtain a protective order.
  • 27. Example “Carve Outs” Provision When Receiving Party Has No Obligations of Confidentiality. Not withstanding the foregoing, the Disclosing Party agrees that the Receiving Party shall have no obligations for the non-use or concealment of Confidential Information when said Confidential Information: (a) was known by the Receiving Party free of any obligation of confidence prior to the date of such disclosure as evidenced by the Receiving Party’s written records and Receiving Party promptly notifies Disclosing Party in writing identifying said written records; (b) was in the public domain, and reasonably known to have been public, prior to the time that it was received; (c) becomes reasonably known to the public subsequent to the date it was received not through an act or failure to act on the part of the Receiving Party; (d) was rightfully communicated by a third party to the Receiving Party having a bona fide right to disclose Confidential Information subsequent to the time of the Disclosing Party’s written or verbal communication to the Receiving Party; (e) was developed by employees or agents of a Party independently of and without reference to any Confidential Information or other information that the Disclosing Party has communicated in confidence to the Receiving Party; (f) is approved for release by written authorization from the Disclosing Party; or, (g) is disclosed pursuant to an order of any court having proper jurisdiction or as required by any agency of government having proper jurisdiction, under its applicable laws and regulations and Receiving Party gives Disclosing Party written advance notice of any disclosure or planned disclosure in order to permit Disclosing Party to make objections to the disclosure.
  • 28. Anatomy of an NDA Security – The parties to a NDA should take reasonable safeguards to protect the Confidential Information. – The other party should be promptly notified in writing if there has been a breach of confidentiality.
  • 29. Example “Security” Clause Each party shall ensure that the other party's Confidential Information is not disclosed or distributed by its employees or agents in breach of this Agreement.
  • 30. Example “Security” Clause Obligations of the Receiving Party. Except as set forth hereto, Receiving Party agrees that it shall: * * * (b) limit its use of the Confidential Information to the Purpose unless it obtains the prior written consent of the other Party to any other use; (c) take all steps reasonably necessary to prevent the disclosure of Confidential Information to third parties for the Time Period defined in Paragraph X, but in any event exercising not less than the level of care exercised to safeguard its own confidential information or the standard in the community; (d) not make copies of any of the Confidential Information received by it in writing from the Disclosing Party and shall return promptly to the Disclosing Party, upon its request, any and all of the Confidential Information, including, but not limited to, writings, software or other documents furnished under oath or in connection with this Agreement; (e) not remove any propriety, copyright, or trade secret from any form of the Confidential Information; and, (f) not use nor exploit for commercial or non-commercial use any of the Discloser’s Information except as expressly authorized in writing by the Disclosing Party.
  • 31. Anatomy of an NDA Notification of Breach of Security – Receiving Party should disclose any breach of security to Disclosing Party
  • 32. Example “Notification of Breach” Clause The Recipient shall notify the Disclosing Party immediately upon discovery of any loss, unauthorized disclosure or use of the Disclosing Party's confidential information attributable to the Recipient.
  • 33. Example “Notification” Clause The Recipient shall notify the Disclosing Party promptly upon the discovery that any of the Disclosing Party's Confidential Information has been, or is reasonably believed to have been, or there is a reasonable likelihood that it will be accessed or otherwise acquired by an unauthorized person and there is a reasonable risk that such information has been or will be misused. “Promptness” for the notification shall depend on the nature of the loss or unauthorized access and the nature of the information lost or accessed as well as the severity of the loss or harm that the Disclosing Party could suffer as a result of such a loss or misuse.
  • 34. Anatomy of an NDA Term – A typical term for NDA’s in the business community is three to five years. – Please note that some NDA’s measure this term from the date of disclosure
  • 35. Example Term Clause The parties agree to hold each other's Confidential Information in the strictest confidence during the term and for a period of three (3) years after the Effective Date of this Agreement (the “Term”).
  • 36. Anatomy of an NDA Procedures Upon Termination. – The NDA should discuss how confidential information should be treated at the end of the term. • For example, should the recipient return copies or destroy all written materials? • May the recipient maintain a copy of all written materials?
  • 37. Example Clause At the written request of the Disclosing Party, the Receiving Party shall return all Confidential Information, except for a single copy thereof which may be retained for the sole purpose of determining the scope of the obligations of the Receiving Party.
  • 38. Anatomy of an NDA Ownership – It is paramount that the NDA state that the disclosing party retains ownership to the Confidential Information. – Some NDA’s include a “feedback exception” identifying ownership of all suggestions made during business negotiation
  • 39. Example Ownership Clause Rights of the Disclosing Party. Disclosing Party shall retain title to all forms of its Confidential Information, including but not limited to, written documentation disclosed for the Purpose of this Agreement and all copies thereof. It is understood that the Disclosing Party has not construed to grant or to convey to the Receiving Party, expressly or impliedly, any right or license or any other right under any copyrights, patents or patent applications or any other proprietary right of the Disclosing Party of the Confidential Information.
  • 40. Anatomy of an NDA Relationship of the Parties – The NDA should note the relationship between the parties. – For example, it should likely state that the parties are not in a joint venture, agency or partnership.
  • 41. Example Clause No Joint Venture. The Parties have no intent whatsoever to create a joint venture, partnership or other formal business association. The Parties are not part of, and expressly disclaim the existence of, any enterprise, trade or venture over which they share mutual ownership, control or profit, or otherwise derive a common benefit. Neither Party has the right or responsibility to assume or create any debts or obligations, express or implied, on behalf of or in the name of the other party, or to bind the other party in any manner whatsoever. Neither Party will claim the existence of any such joint venture, partnership, or other formal business association as a result of this Agreement.
  • 42. Anatomy of an NDA How Disputes Will be Settled – The NDA should address how a dispute will be settled, under what state’s law, and whether attorneys’ fees and costs can be recovered for a prevailing party.
  • 43. Anatomy of an NDA How Disputes Will be Settled – The NDA should memorialize any preferences towards Alternative Dispute Resolution (“ADR”) including mediation or arbitration. – If the parties wish to litigate a dispute or emergency, the NDA should identify which state’s courts may be used.
  • 44. Anatomy of an NDA Miscellaneous Provisions – Prohibition of Assignment – Waiver Clause – Severability Clause – If court holds one clause invalid the remaining NDA will be valid – Integration Clause - Is it the “Entire Agreement” and supersedes all prior agreements? – Will it be signed in counterparts via fax?
  • 45. Alternative Provisions Residual Memory Clause – Gives Receiving Party the right to use any Confidential Information retained in the unaided memories of their employees who had access to to the information – Typical with large technology companies due to fear of getting sued if they develop similar technology – Inappropriate in most cases
  • 46. Alternative Provisions Obligation to Provide Complete and/or Accurate Information – Impose an obligation to disclose complete and/or accurate information – Most parties will resist a warranty of completeness or accuracy, especially if trade secrets and know-how are involved • Reasonable that inaccurate or incomplete information will be exchanged
  • 47. Example Provision (i) The Disclosing Party shall provide the Recipient with all information in the possession of the Disclosing Party reasonably necessary for the Recipient to assess the merits of the Purpose of the Agreement. (ii) The Disclosing Party warrants that the information disclosed to the Recipient will be accurate.
  • 48. Alternative Provisions • Feedback Exception – In a bilateral NDA where the Receiving Party offers suggestions to improve the value of the confidential information, can the Disclosing Party freely use that information? Is the feedback confidential? • Most NDA’s are silent on this issue • May dampen open dialogue
  • 49. Example Feedback Exception Confidential Information shall not include information that constitutes Feedback, where “Feedback” is defined as suggestions, comments, or other feedback to the Disclosing Party with respect to Confidential Information provided originally by the Disclosing Party. It is acknowledged that the Recipient may from time to time provide Feedback, and it is agreed that all Feedback is provided entirely voluntarily. Feedback, even if designated as confidential by the party offering the Feedback, shall not, absent a separate written agreement, create any confidentiality obligation for the recipient of the Feedback. Subject to any separate agreement between the parties, the recipient of Feedback shall be free to use, disclose, reproduce, license or otherwise distribute, and exploit the Feedback as it sees fit, entirely without obligation or restriction of any kind on account of intellectual property rights or otherwise.
  • 50. Alternative Provisions • Non-Compete Clause – Should be stricken out unless it is an employment NDA – Must be reasonable in time, scope and geography
  • 51. Alternative Provisions Indemnification – Disclosing Party should indemnify for any breach or threatened breach of the NDA – Rarely see this in NDA’s but recommended in some situations
  • 52. Maintaining Records • Keep all scanned copies of NDA’s in an “NDA File” • Keep an excel spreadsheet with NDA info – Link to electronic scan of NDA with excel spreadsheet – Calendar deadlines
  • 53. Maintaining Records Keep an excel spreadsheet with all NDA’s – Parties/ Contact Info – Purpose of NDA – Effective Date – Term/ Expiration Date – Material Terms – Duty to identify confidential information – Employees/independent contractors who have been privy to the confidential information – Duty to return confidential information – Choice of Law – Dispute Resolution – Special Notes
  • 54. Practical Pointers • After taking time to learn NDA’s, I can review a NDA very quickly for clients • Trying to sell standard NDA agreements for clients on flat-fee basis (hourly for negotiation and edits). • Under-utilized in the food and agriculture industry, especially with farms • Whose NDA form is used in a negotiation?
  • 55. Practical Pointers • Small to mid-size agri- businesses may have several NDA’s • If hired to do NDA/contract management, try to point out problematic NDA’s to client and note these issues in the excel spreadsheet
  • 57. Contract Management • Scanning Contracts (including NDA’s) • Making an excel spreadsheet • Calendaring contract expiration dates (ample notice) and automatic renewal dates • Note issues with existing contracts
  • 58. Contract Management on Excel • Parties • Type of Contract • Contract Name • Effective Date • Date(s) signed by Parties • Is the contract on file signed by both Parties?
  • 59. Contract Management on Excel • Term of the contract (if specified) • Expiration Date • Automatic Renewal Date and Term – Notice Period before automatic renewal (30 to 60 days written notice) • Whether the contract/NDA has expired
  • 60. Contract Management on Excel • Purpose of the Contract/NDA • Material Terms • Choice of Law • Indemnification clause? • Is there a confidentiality clause in the Contract? If yes, material terms
  • 61. Contract Management on Excel • Dispute Resolution • Notes/ Issues • Mark on the spreadsheet that it was prepared by an attorney – Mark Confidential and Attorney-Client Privilege
  • 62. Practical Pointers • Can be a big project, depending on how long the farm or agri- business has been in business and how many contracts can be located • Only looking for major points • Issue spotting for potential problems
  • 63. Practical Pointers • Helps give you a greater understanding of client and business relationships • Helpful for both you & client to see big picture – Know what contracts have expired (may need to be extended) – Has obligation for confidentiality already expired?
  • 64. Practical Pointers • Add new contracts and NDA’s on the spreadsheet • Calendar reminders to review certain contacts within X days before they automatically renew or expire
  • 65. Trademarks and Other Intellectual Property Concerns
  • 66. Overview • Overview of the Types of Intellectual Property • More on Trademarks • Trademark Applications • Trademark Renewals • Trademark Management
  • 67. Overview of the Types of Intellectual Property • Copyrights – Provided to the authors of "original works of authorship," including literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, and certain other intellectual works, both published and unpublished. – Copyright protection comes into being as soon as an expression is recorded in some manner (in writing, in audio recording, etc.). – These works may be registered with the U.S. Copyright Office. © Rincker Law, PLLC, 2013
  • 68. Overview of the Types of Intellectual Property • Trademarks – identifying mark for consumers in connection with particular goods or services. – can take place in many forms including a word, name, symbol, device, sound, fragrance or “trade dress” of a food product packaging. – When this mark is used in commerce, it helps distinguish the origin of the goods or services.
  • 69. Overview of the Types of Intellectual Property • Patents – Inventions – 3 types: • Utility Patents • Design Patents • Plant Patents
  • 70. More on Trademarks • Trademark – goods – TM – Rincker Beef™ • Servicemark – services – SM – Blackacre Ranch Photography℠ • ® mark only when registered
  • 71. More on Trademarks • Wordmark – Standard character – Stylized • Design Mark – Logo (with or without words) – Can claim color(s) as part of the mark • Sound Mark
  • 72. More on Trademarks • To be registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, the mark should be utilized in interstate commerce – Can file an “Intent to Use” if not using it yet in interstate commerce – Must state date that it was first used and first used in interstate commerce
  • 73. More on Trademarks • Recommend checking the USPTO registry before starting a business to make sure it does not infringe on another mark • Run a basic search for clients who wish file a trademark • Also run a search on Google for the word mark and image • In some circumstances, helpful to hire a professional searcher (e.g., Corsearch)
  • 74. More on Trademarks • “Common Law Trademark Rights” – First in Use, First in Right – Simply because someone hasn’t registered a trademark, doesn’t mean that they don’t have trademark rights for a certain class of goods or services – Registration gives a rebuttable presumption that the owner was the first to use the mark • Can still be sued for trademark infringement
  • 75. More on Trademarks • “Principal Registry” – Once a mark is on the Principal Registry for 15 years, it is no longer contestable • “Secondary Registry” – Surnames – Trademarks that have secondary meanings – Must show exclusive, continuous use for 5 years before getting on Principal Registry – Can still use ® and enforce trademark rights – Don’t license the mark to another entity
  • 76. More on Trademarks • Getting on the “Principal Registry” – The mark must be distinctive – Categories: • Arbitrary or fanciful (e.g., Kraft cheese, Aunt Jemima syrup) • Suggestive (“AgVance”) • Descriptive (“merely descriptive”) (e.g., “Red Apples”) – Will go on Supplemental Register until it gains distinctiveness – “Yellow Pages” and “Software Solutions Integrated, LLC” • Generic (“farm” “agriculture”)
  • 77. More on Trademarks • Getting on “Principal Registry” – Mark must be non- functional in order to distinguish it from patents • Must be a brand identifier – Use in interstate commerce • Can file trademark with state if used only in intrastate commerce
  • 78. More on Trademarks • Licenses – Once on the Principal Registry, the Owner may license the mark to other entities using it within the same class of goods or services • Assignments – If a farms sells or buys another business, including trademark rights, the assignment must be submitted to the USPTO
  • 79. Trademark Applications • Practical Pointers – You will need a specimen showing use of the mark in interstate commerce (unless it is an intent to use application) • Be careful about use of advertising materials (e.g., brochures) • Make sure the specimen doesn’t have the ℠, ™ or ®
  • 80. Trademark Applications • I always complete the initial application and any responses to office actions online http://www.uspto.gov/trademarks/teas/index.jsp • It will be reviewed by an USPTO attorney – He/she will issue an office action if corrections need made – USPTO attorney can be helpful in correcting application – With design mark descriptions, I usually just use the suggestion from USPTO • Will be published in the Official Gazette
  • 81. Trademark Renewals • Calendar Renewal Deadlines – 6 yrs – 10 yrs – Every decade thereafter • Explain renewal deadlines to client in cover letter with the USPTO registration certificate • Calendar in multiple locations • Warn client of renewal spam mail
  • 82. Trademark Spreadsheet • General Trademark Description • Design or Word Mark? • Image of Design Mark or Stylized Mark • Goods or Services?
  • 83. Description Design or Word Mark Image Goods or Services Agvance Logo with C Design Mark Goods Agvance word Word Mark – Standard Character Goods Agvance Logo Design Mark Goods Form-U-Share Word Mark - Stylized Services FUS Design Mark Goods Software Solutions Integrated, LLC – word Word Mark – Standard Character Goods SSI logo Design Mark Goods SSI logo 1 – Intent to Use Design Mark Goods SSI logo 2- Intent to Use Design Mark Goods SSI logo 3- Intent to Use Design Mark Goods
  • 84. Trademark Spreadsheet • Class • Description of Goods/Services • First Use • First Use in Commercial • Serial Number (Application) • Filing Date
  • 85. Trademark Spreadsheet • Filing Basis (e.g., Use in Commerce) • Date it was published for opposition • Attorney of Record (& contact info) • Registrant Owner • Current Owner • Date of Assignment with USPTO (if applicable)
  • 86. Trademark Spreadsheet • Colors Claims • Description of the Mark (used with application/ registration) • Design Search Codes • Wordmark (“AGVANCE, FORM-U-SHARE, S SSI SOFTWARE SOLUTIONS INTEGRATED, LLC”)
  • 87. Trademark Spreadsheet • Disclaimer – No exclusive right to use “Software Solutions” or “LLC” separate from the mark – No exclusive right to use “Breed” separate from “Breed Lautner”
  • 88. Trademark Spreadsheet • Date Registered • Registry – Principal or – Supplemental • Cancelation Date (if applicable) • Status – Live – Dead
  • 89. Trademark Spreadsheet • Renewal Date(s) • Notes on Office Actions and Responses • Links to scanned documents on hard drive, including: – Application receipt – Office Actions – Specimens – Registration certificate – Client correspondence
  • 90. Trademark Spreadsheet • Make sure to mark it attorney/client privileged • Add section for notes, including important statutory references • Great way to look at big picture for client’s registered trademarks
  • 91. Please Stay in Touch • Send Me Snail Mail: 535 Fifth Avenue, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10017 • Call Me: (212) 427-2049 (office) • Email Me: cari@rinckerlaw.com • Visit My Website: www.rinckerlaw.com • Read My Food & Ag Law Blog: www.rinckerlaw.com/blog • Tweet Me: @CariRincker @RinckerLaw • Facebook Me: www.facebook.com/rinckerlaw • Link to Me: http://www.linkedin.com/in/caririncker • Skype Me: Cari.Rincker

Hinweis der Redaktion

  1. For example, if a farmer approached a website developer about his or her proposed online agri-business, that farmer may wish to have a NDA with the website developer to keep the business plan confidential.Alternatively, a farm may wish for a bookkeeper to maintain confidentiality on the operation’s finances.
  2. Discussion today is primarily on the mutual or bilateral NDA
  3. Almost every NDA address these 7 issues
  4. Almost every NDA address these 7 issues
  5. SSI’s
  6. SSI’s
  7. Intellectual rights is not information – better to enumerate  Don’t say “new” products
  8. Publically known, or so-called “public domain” or information that later becomes publically known through no fault of the recipient  “The phrase publically known” means readily accessible to the public in a written publication and shall not include information which is only available by substantial searching of the published literature and information, the substance of which must be pieced together from a member of different publications and sources.” What if blended? In Canada, if blended, recipient must take special care to use only the parts that are publically available  “Confidential Information shall not be deemed to be information in the public domain merely because any part of such information includes individual features, components or combinations that are now or become known to the public.”“Confidential information does not include information that is or comes into the public domain otherwise than by disclosure or default by the Recipient.”“Confidential Information does not include information that is or becomes generally available in the public domain through no fault of the Recipient (but only after it so becomes generally available).” Information that is already in the possession of the recipient May require that prior possession be documented“possession” can be problematic – “known?”“Confidential Information shall not include information that was already known to the Recipient as evidenced by written record pre-dating such disclosure”“Confidential Information shall not include information that the Recipient can prove was known to it at the time of disclosure by the Disclosing Party”“For the Recipient to rely on this exception, it must give notice within 30 days of the disclosure of the disclosure of the subject information within 30 days of the date of its disclosure.” Received by a third-party who is not under any obligation of secrecy to the discloserMay require that the recipient can document the independent receipt of information from a third party “Confidential Information shall not include information that was or is lawfully obtained or available from a third party who was lawfully in possession of the same and free to disclose it.”“Confidential Information does not include information that is or becomes available on a nonconfidential basis from an independent third party who, to the Recipient’s knowledge, was not under a duty of confidence to the Disclosing Party (but only after it becomes so available) Independently developed by the other party Compelled by a subpoena, court order, securities laws or other legal requirement, to produce the discloser’s confidential informationRecipient should be required to notify the disclosing party in advance of the required disclosure so that the disclosing party has the opportunity to seek a protective order or confidential treatmentNDA should contain a provision stating that unauthorized disclosures will cause irreparable harm and allow the discloser to seek a court injunction barring potential or further disclosure  “If the Recipient is required to disclose all or any part of the Confidential Information to any court, tribunal or government authority (i) if legally permitted to do so, it shall as soon as possible give written note of such requirement to the Disclosing Party a reasonable opportunity to seek protective order or equivalent; and (ii) it shall make a reasonable effort to obtain a protective order requiring that the Confidential Information so disclosed be kept secrete by protective measures appropriate for the sensitivity of the subject information and that the Confidential Information be used only for the purposes for which the order was issued. If such disclosure be obliged, then it shall not be deemed to be a breach of the Recipient’s obligations under this Agreement.”
  9. Should the information be used on smartphone devices?Should it be used in the cloud?
  10. (a) Was noted previously
  11. It is always better for the disclosing party to have the longest term possible; however, with mutual NDA’s it is best to pick a reasonable term length that is not overly burdensome.
  12. Discussing feedback exception later- this may hinder open dialogue
  13. Choice of LawChoice of ForumAttorneys’ Fees
  14. Most states have a free mediation program for the agriculture community funded in part by the USDA (e.g., New York State Agriculture Mediation Program).
  15. Waiver. Any waiver by the non-breaching Party of a breach of this Agreement does not waive any right to enforce a subsequent breach. 10. Validity. If any part of this Agreement is deemed invalid, it shall not invalidate the remainder of the Agreement. 11. Entire Agreement. This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the Parties and shall only be modified in writing by the Parties. This Agreement supersedes all prior agreements, written or oral, between the Parties relating to Confidential Information for the Purpose of this Agreement. This Agreement shall be binding upon the Parties, their respective successors and assigns. 12. Execution. A scanned or faxed copy of this Agreement shall be deemed to be an original. The Parties may execute this Agreement in counterparts.
  16. The disclosing party may attempt to include an indemnity for any breach or threatened breach of the agreement by the interested party. If the indemnity applies only in the event of a breach, the practical result likely will be to require that a court determine whether a breach has occurred before the disclosing party will be able to enforce the indemnity, so it is questionable what benefit the disclosing party receives from this language. Nevertheless, the interested party should resist the inclusion of any indemnities and, if that is unsuccessful, at the very least make them reciprocal.  
  17. Outlook calendar remindersCalendar to follow-up with client.
  18. Link scanned contracts to the excel spreadsheetWith the excel document, I use separate spreadsheets for NDA’s and specific types of contracts
  19. NDA’s – Mutual NDA or Unilateral NDA
  20. Term- there might be some contractstah
  21. BrandingMakes you difference
  22. There are three types of patents: utility patents, design patents, and plant patents. The word "process" is defined as an act or method, and primarily includes industrial or technical processes. The term "manufacture" refers to articles that are made. The term "composition of matter" relates to chemical compositions and may include mixtures of ingredients, as well as new chemical compounds. These classes of subject matter taken together include practically everything that is made by man and the processes for making the products.Utility patents may be granted to anyone who invents or discovers any new and useful process, machine, article of manufacture, or composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement thereof.  Design patents may be granted to anyone who invents a new, original, and ornamental design for an article of manufacture.  Plant patents may be granted to anyone who invents or discovers and asexually reproduces any distinct and new variety of plant.Patent law specifies the general field of subject matter that can be patented and the conditions under which a patent may be obtained.
  23. Client’s previous lawyer missed renewal deadlines
  24. With the Word Mark, distinguish between Word Mark and Standard Character Mark
  25. #agchatLast names