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How Visualization Enhances
  Montessori Mathematics PART 2
                     by Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D.
                 JoanCotter@RightStartMath.com

  Montessori Foundation
       Conference
     Friday, Nov 2, 2012
      Sarasota, Florida


                 8     16   24   32   40
                                                 3         2
                                                 5         5


PowerPoint Presentation & Handout
 RightStartMath.com >Resources                       © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Strategies
        Basic facts




                        © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Strategies
                    Basic facts

6× 4=
(6 taken 4 times)




                                  © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Strategies
                    Basic facts

6× 4=
(6 taken 4 times)




                                  © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Strategies
                    Basic facts

6× 4=
(6 taken 4 times)




                                  © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Strategies
                    Basic facts

6× 4=
(6 taken 4 times)




                                  © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Strategies
                    Basic facts

6× 4=
(6 taken 4 times)




                                  © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Strategies
         Basic facts

9× 3=




                         © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Strategies
         Basic facts

9× 3=




                         © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Strategies
         Basic facts

9× 3=
30




                         © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Strategies
              Basic facts

9× 3=
30 – 3 = 27




                            © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Strategies
         Basic facts

4× 8=




                         © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Strategies
         Basic facts

4× 8=




                         © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Strategies
         Basic facts

4× 8=




                         © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Strategies
               Basic facts

4× 8=
20 + 12 = 32




                             © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Strategies
         Basic facts

7× 7=




                         © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Strategies
         Basic facts

7× 7=




                         © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Strategies
         Basic facts

7× 7=
25




                         © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Strategies
               Basic facts

7× 7=
25 + 10 + 10




                             © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Strategies
               Basic facts

7× 7=
25 + 10 + 10
+ 4 = 49




                             © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication on the AL Abacus
        Commutative property
   5× 6=6×
   5




                               © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication on the AL Abacus
        Commutative property
   5× 6=6×
   5




                               © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication on the AL Abacus
        Commutative property
   5× 6=6×
   5




                               © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication on the AL Abacus
        Commutative property
   5× 6=6×
   5




                               © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication on the AL Abacus
              For facts > 5 × 5


7×8=




     This method was used in the Middle Ages,
      rather than memorize the facts > 5 × 5.
                                                © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication on the AL Abacus
              For facts > 5 × 5


7×8=




     This method was used in the Middle Ages,
      rather than memorize the facts > 5 × 5.
                                                © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication on the AL Abacus
              For facts > 5 × 5


7×8=

             Tens:



     This method was used in the Middle Ages,
      rather than memorize the facts > 5 × 5.
                                                © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication on the AL Abacus
              For facts > 5 × 5


7×8=

             Tens:



     This method was used in the Middle Ages,
      rather than memorize the facts > 5 × 5.
                                                © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication on the AL Abacus
              For facts > 5 × 5


7×8=

             Tens: 20
                 + 30


     This method was used in the Middle Ages,
      rather than memorize the facts > 5 × 5.
                                                © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication on the AL Abacus
              For facts > 5 × 5


7×8=
50 +
             Tens: 20
                 + 30
                   50

     This method was used in the Middle Ages,
      rather than memorize the facts > 5 × 5.
                                                © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication on the AL Abacus
              For facts > 5 × 5


7×8=
50 +
             Tens: 20           Ones:
                 + 30
                   50

     This method was used in the Middle Ages,
      rather than memorize the facts > 5 × 5.
                                                © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication on the AL Abacus
              For facts > 5 × 5


7×8=
50 +
             Tens: 20           Ones:
                 + 30
                   50

     This method was used in the Middle Ages,
      rather than memorize the facts > 5 × 5.
                                                © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication on the AL Abacus
              For facts > 5 × 5


7×8=
50 +
             Tens: 20           Ones: 3
                 + 30                ×2
                   50

     This method was used in the Middle Ages,
      rather than memorize the facts > 5 × 5.
                                                © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication on the AL Abacus
              For facts > 5 × 5


7×8=
50 + 6
             Tens: 20           Ones: 3
                 + 30                ×2
                   50                 6

     This method was used in the Middle Ages,
      rather than memorize the facts > 5 × 5.
                                                © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication on the AL Abacus
               For facts > 5 × 5


7×8=
50 + 6 = 56
              Tens: 20           Ones: 3
                  + 30                ×2
                    50                 6

      This method was used in the Middle Ages,
       rather than memorize the facts > 5 × 5.
                                                 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication on the AL Abacus
          For facts > 5 × 5


9×7=




                              © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication on the AL Abacus
          For facts > 5 × 5


9×7=




                              © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication on the AL Abacus
          For facts > 5 × 5


9×7=

         Tens:




                              © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication on the AL Abacus
          For facts > 5 × 5


9×7=

         Tens:




                              © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication on the AL Abacus
          For facts > 5 × 5


9×7=

         Tens: 40
             + 20




                              © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication on the AL Abacus
          For facts > 5 × 5


9×7=
60 +
         Tens: 40
             + 20
               60



                              © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication on the AL Abacus
          For facts > 5 × 5


9×7=
60 +
         Tens: 40       Ones:
             + 20
               60



                                © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication on the AL Abacus
          For facts > 5 × 5


9×7=
60 +
         Tens: 40       Ones:
             + 20
               60



                                © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication on the AL Abacus
          For facts > 5 × 5


9×7=
60 +
         Tens: 40       Ones: 1
             + 20            ×3
               60



                                  © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication on the AL Abacus
          For facts > 5 × 5


9×7=
60 + 3
         Tens: 40       Ones: 1
             + 20            ×3
               60             3



                                  © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication on the AL Abacus
              For facts > 5 × 5


9×7=
60 + 3 = 63
              Tens: 40      Ones: 1
                  + 20           ×3
                    60            3



                                      © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
The Multiplication Board
          1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

6×4



      6




                                 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
The Multiplication Board
          1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

6×4



      6




                                 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
The Multiplication Board
          1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

7×7



      7




                                 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
The Multiplication Board
          1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

7×7



      7




                                 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
The Multiplication Board

7×7




                       © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Patterns
            Twos

2      4    6      8   10
12    14   16   18     20




                            © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Patterns
               Twos

2      4      6       8    10
12    14     16     18     20


 The ones repeat in the second row.




                                      © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Patterns
               Fours

4      8     12     16     20
24    28     32     36      40


 The ones repeat in the second row.




                                      © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Patterns
           Sixes and Eights

6     12      18     24       30
36    42      48     54       60


8     16      24     32       40
48    56      64     72       80


                                   © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Patterns
           Sixes and Eights

6     12      18     24       30
36    42      48     54       60


8     16      24     32       40
48    56      64     72       80


                                   © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Patterns
           Sixes and Eights

6     12      18     24       30
36    42      48     54       60


8     16      24     32       40
48    56      64     72       80


                                   © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Patterns
              Sixes and Eights

   6     12      18     24       30
  36     42      48     54       60


   8     16      24     32       40
  48     56      64     72       80

The ones in the 8s show the multiples of 2.
                                        © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Patterns
              Sixes and Eights

   6     12      18     24       30
  36     42      48     54       60


   8     16      24     32       40
  48     56      64     72       80

The ones in the 8s show the multiples of 2.
                                        © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Patterns
              Sixes and Eights

   6     12      18     24       30
  36     42      48     54       60


   8     16      24     32       40
  48     56      64     72       80

The ones in the 8s show the multiples of 2.
                                        © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Patterns
              Sixes and Eights

   6     12      18     24       30
  36     42      48     54       60


   8     16      24     32       40
  48     56      64     72       80

The ones in the 8s show the multiples of 2.
                                        © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Patterns
              Sixes and Eights

   6     12      18     24       30
  36     42      48     54       60


   8     16      24     32       40
  48     56      64     72       80

The ones in the 8s show the multiples of 2.
                                        © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Patterns
           Sixes and Eights

6     12      18     24       30          6× 4

36    42      48     54       60


8     16      24     32       40
48    56      64     72       80

6 × 4 is the fourth number (multiple).
                                         © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Patterns
            Sixes and Eights

 6     12      18     24       30
36     42      48     54       60


 8     16      24     32       40
48     56      64     72       80         8× 7

8 × 7 is the seventh number (multiple).
                                      © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Patterns
                    Nines

  9    18      27      36     45
90     81      72      63     54


The second row is written in reverse order.
Also the digits in each number add to 9.



                                        © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Patterns
           Threes

       3      6      9
     12      15     18
     21     24      27
     30

The 3s have several patterns:
     Observe the ones.
                                © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Patterns
           Threes

       3      6      9
     12      15     18
     21     24      27
     30

The 3s have several patterns:
     Observe the ones.
                                © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Patterns
           Threes

       3      6      9
     12      15     18
     21      24     27
     30

The 3s have several patterns:
     Observe the ones.
                                © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Patterns
           Threes

       3      6      9
     12      15     18
     21      24     27
     30

The 3s have several patterns:
     Observe the ones.
                                © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Patterns
           Threes

       3      6      9
     12      15     18
     21      24     27
     30

The 3s have several patterns:
     Observe the ones.
                                © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Patterns
           Threes

       3      6      9
     12      15     18
     21      24     27
     30

The 3s have several patterns:
     Observe the ones.
                                © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Patterns
           Threes

       3      6      9
     12      15     18
     21      24     27
     30

The 3s have several patterns:
     Observe the ones.
                                © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Patterns
           Threes

       3      6      9
     12      15     18
     21      24     27
     30

The 3s have several patterns:
     Observe the ones.
                                © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Patterns
           Threes

       3      6      9
     12      15     18
     21      24     27
     30

The 3s have several patterns:
     Observe the ones.
                                © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Patterns
           Threes

       3      6      9
     12      15     18
     21      24     27
     30

The 3s have several patterns:
     Observe the ones.
                                © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Patterns
           Threes

       3      6      9
     12      15     18
     21      24     27
     30

The 3s have several patterns:
     Observe the ones.
                                © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Patterns
             Threes

         3      6      9
       12      15     18
       21      24     27
       30

  The 3s have several patterns:
The tens are the same in each row.
                                     © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Patterns
           Threes

       3      6       9
     12      15     18
     21      24     27
     30

The 3s have several patterns:
Add the digits in the columns.
                                 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Patterns
           Threes

       3      6       9
     12      15     18
     21      24     27
     30

The 3s have several patterns:
Add the digits in the columns.
                                 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Patterns
           Threes

       3      6       9
     12      15     18
     21      24     27
     30

The 3s have several patterns:
Add the digits in the columns.
                                 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Patterns
           Threes

       3      6      9
     12     15      18
     21     24      27
     30

The 3s have several patterns:
    Add the “opposites.”
                                © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Patterns
           Threes

       3      6      9
     12     15      18
     21      24     27
     30

The 3s have several patterns:
    Add the “opposites.”
                                © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Patterns
           Threes

       3      6      9
     12     15      18
     21      24     27
     30

The 3s have several patterns:
    Add the “opposites.”
                                © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Patterns
           Threes

       3      6      9
     12      15     18
     21     24      27
     30

The 3s have several patterns:
    Add the “opposites.”
                                © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Patterns
            Sevens

        7     14      21
       28     35      42
       49     56      63
       70

The 7s have the 1, 2, 3… pattern.

                                    © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Patterns
            Sevens

        7     14      21
       28     35      42
       49     56      63
       70

The 7s have the 1, 2, 3… pattern.

                                    © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Patterns
            Sevens

        7     14      21
       28     35      42
       49     56      63
       70

The 7s have the 1, 2, 3… pattern.

                                    © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Patterns
            Sevens

        7     14      21
       28     35      42
       49     56      63
       70

The 7s have the 1, 2, 3… pattern.

                                    © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Patterns
        Sevens

    7    14      21
   28    35      42
   49    56      63
   70

   Look at the tens.

                       © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Patterns
        Sevens

    7    14      21
   28    35      42
   49    56      63
   70

   Look at the tens.

                       © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Patterns
        Sevens

    7    14      21
   28    35      42
   49    56      63
   70

   Look at the tens.

                       © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Memory




                   © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Memory
Objective:
 To help the players learn the
multiples patterns.




                                 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Memory
Objective:
 To help the players learn the
multiples patterns.


Object of the game:
  To be the first player to collect all ten
cards of a multiple in order.




                                              © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Memory


              7 14 21
             28 35 42
             49 56 63
             70



The 7s envelope contains 10 cards,
each with one of the numbers listed.


                                       © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Memory



         8 16 24 32 40
        48 56 64 72 80




The 8s envelope contains 10 cards,
each with one of the numbers listed.


                                       © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Memory
     7 14 21
    28 35 42                             8 16 24 32 40
    49 56 63                            48 56 64 72 80
    70




 7 14 21                      8 16 24 32 40
28 35 42                     48 56 64 72 80
49 56 63
70




                                    © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Memory
     7 14 21
    28 35 42                             8 16 24 32 40
    49 56 63                            48 56 64 72 80
    70




 7 14 21                      8 16 24 32 40
28 35 42                     48 56 64 72 80
49 56 63
70




                                    © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Memory
     7 14 21
    28 35 42
    49 56 63
    70




 7 14 21                      8 16 24 32 40
28 35 42                     48 56 64 72 80
49 56 63
70




                                    © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Memory
     7 14 21
    28 35 42
    49 56 63
    70




 7 14 21                      8 16 24 32 40
28 35 42                     48 56 64 72 80
49 56 63       14
70




                                    © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Memory
     7 14 21
    28 35 42
    49 56 63
    70




 7 14 21                      8 16 24 32 40
28 35 42                     48 56 64 72 80
49 56 63
70




                                    © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Memory
                                     8 16 24 32 40
                                    48 56 64 72 80




 7 14 21                  8 16 24 32 40
28 35 42                 48 56 64 72 80
49 56 63
70




                                © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Memory
                                     8 16 24 32 40
                                    48 56 64 72 80




 7 14 21                  8 16 24 32 40
28 35 42                 48 56 64 72 80
49 56 63
70
                40




                                © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Memory
                                     8 16 24 32 40
                                    48 56 64 72 80




 7 14 21                  8 16 24 32 40
28 35 42                 48 56 64 72 80
49 56 63
70




                                © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Memory
     7 14 21
    28 35 42
    49 56 63
    70




 7 14 21                      8 16 24 32 40
28 35 42                     48 56 64 72 80
49 56 63
70




                                    © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Memory
     7 14 21
    28 35 42
    49 56 63
    70




 7 14 21                      8 16 24 32 40
28 35 42                     48 56 64 72 80
49 56 63
70




                    8



                                    © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Memory
     7 14 21
    28 35 42
    49 56 63
    70




 7 14 21                      8 16 24 32 40
28 35 42                     48 56 64 72 80
49 56 63
70




                                    © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Memory
                                     8 16 24 32 40
                                    48 56 64 72 80




 7 14 21                  8 16 24 32 40
28 35 42                 48 56 64 72 80
49 56 63
70




                                © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Memory
                                     8 16 24 32 40
                                    48 56 64 72 80




 7 14 21                  8 16 24 32 40
28 35 42                 48 56 64 72 80
49 56 63
70




                8



                                © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Memory
                                     8 16 24 32 40
                                    48 56 64 72 80




 7 14 21                  8 16 24 32 40
28 35 42                 48 56 64 72 80
49 56 63
70                      8




                                © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Memory
                                     8 16 24 32 40
                                    48 56 64 72 80




 7 14 21                  8 16 24 32 40
28 35 42                 48 56 64 72 80
49 56 63        56
70                      8




                                © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Memory
                                     8 16 24 32 40
                                    48 56 64 72 80




 7 14 21                  8 16 24 32 40
28 35 42                 48 56 64 72 80
49 56 63
70                      8




                                © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Memory
     7 14 21
    28 35 42
    49 56 63
    70




 7 14 21                      8 16 24 32 40
28 35 42                     48 56 64 72 80
49 56 63
70                          8




                                    © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Memory
     7 14 21
    28 35 42
    49 56 63
    70




                      7
 7 14 21                      8 16 24 32 40
28 35 42                     48 56 64 72 80
49 56 63
70                          8




                                    © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Memory
     7 14 21
    28 35 42
    49 56 63
    70




 7 14 21                      8 16 24 32 40
28 35 42                     48 56 64 72 80
49 56 63
70                          8

7




                                    © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Memory
     7 14 21
    28 35 42
    49 56 63
    70




 7 14 21                      8 16 24 32 40
28 35 42                     48 56 64 72 80
49 56 63       14
70                          8

7




                                    © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Memory
     7 14 21
    28 35 42
    49 56 63
    70




 7 14 21                      8 16 24 32 40
28 35 42                     48 56 64 72 80
49 56 63
70                          8

7      14




                                    © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Memory
     7 14 21
    28 35 42
    49 56 63
    70




               24
 7 14 21                      8 16 24 32 40
28 35 42                     48 56 64 72 80
49 56 63
70                          8

7      14




                                    © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Memory
     7 14 21
    28 35 42                             8 16 24 32 40
    49 56 63                            48 56 64 72 80
    70




 7 14 21                      8 16 24 32 40
28 35 42                     48 56 64 72 80
49 56 63
70                          8

7      14




                                    © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiples Memory
     7 14 21
    28 35 42                             8 16 24 32 40
    49 56 63                            48 56 64 72 80
    70




 7 14 21                      8 16 24 32 40
28 35 42                     48 56 64 72 80
49 56 63
70




                                    © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Memory
Objective:
 To help the players master the
multiplication facts.




                                  © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Memory
Objective:
 To help the players master the
multiplication facts.


Object of the game:
  To collect the most cards by matching
the multiplier with the product.



                                          © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Memory



Materials Needed:




                          © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Memory
1       2       3       4       5

    6       7       8       9       10


        Materials Needed:
        • Ten basic cards, numbered 1 to 10




                                              © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Memory
                                         3
1       2       3       4       5
                                          3 6 9
                                         12 15 18
    6       7       8       9       10   21 24 27
                                         30




        Materials Needed:
        • Ten basic cards, numbered 1 to 10
        • A set of product cards (3s used here)




                                                    © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Memory
                                         3
1       2       3       4       5                   3x
                                          3 6 9
                                         12 15 18
    6       7       8       9       10   21 24 27
                                         30




        Materials Needed:
        • Ten basic cards, numbered 1 to 10
        • A set of product cards (3s used here)
        • A stickie note with “3 x” written on it



                                                         © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Memory
                                         3
1       2       3       4       5                   3x
                                          3 6 9
                                         12 15 18
    6       7       8       9       10   21 24 27
                                         30         =


        Materials Needed:
        • Ten basic cards, numbered 1 to 10
        • A set of product cards (3s used here)
        • A stickie with “3 x” written on it
        • A stickie with “=” written on it


                                                         © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Memory
                                         3
1       2       3       4       5                   3x
                                          3 6 9
                                         12 15 18
    6       7       8       9       10   21 24 27
                                         30         =


        Materials Needed:
        • Ten basic cards, numbered 1 to 10
        • A set of product cards (3s used here)
        • A stickie with “3 x” written on it
        • A stickie with “=” written on it
        • A manipulative with groups of five

                                                         © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Memory

3x                       =




               3 6 9
              12 15 18
              21 24 27
              30




                             © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Memory

3x                       =




               3 6 9
              12 15 18
              21 24 27
              30




                             © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Memory
         5
3x                       =




               3 6 9
              12 15 18
              21 24 27
              30




                             © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Memory
         5
3x                       =




               3 6 9
              12 15 18
              21 24 27
              30




                             © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Memory
         5
3x                       =




               3 6 9
              12 15 18
              21 24 27
              30




                             © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Memory
                  5
3x                               =




3 taken 5 times
  equals 15.

                       3 6 9
                      12 15 18
                      21 24 27
                      30




                                     © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Memory
                  5                  21
3x                               =




3 taken 5 times
  equals 15.

                       3 6 9
                      12 15 18
                      21 24 27
                      30




                                          © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Memory

3x                       =




               3 6 9
              12 15 18
              21 24 27
              30




                             © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Memory

3x                       =




               3 6 9
              12 15 18
              21 24 27
              30




                             © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Memory

3x                          =
             7




                  3 6 9
                 12 15 18
                 21 24 27
                 30




                                © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Memory

3x                          =
             7




                  3 6 9
                 12 15 18
                 21 24 27
                 30




                                © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Memory

3x                          =
             7




                  3 6 9
                 12 15 18
                 21 24 27
                 30




                                © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Memory

3x                          =
             7




                                3 taken 7 times
                                  equals 21.

                  3 6 9
                 12 15 18
                 21 24 27
                 30




                                         © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Memory
                                21
3x                          =
             7




                                3 taken 7 times
                                  equals 21.

                  3 6 9
                 12 15 18
                 21 24 27
                 30




                                         © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Memory

3x                       =




                                 3 taken 7 times
                                   equals 21.

               3 6 9
              12 15 18       7   21
              21 24 27
              30




                                          © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Memory

3x                       =
     2




               3 6 9
              12 15 18       7   21
              21 24 27
              30




                                      © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Memory

3x                       =
     2
     3




               3 6 9
              12 15 18       7   21
              21 24 27
              30




                                      © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Memory

3x                       =
     2
     3




               3 6 9
              12 15 18       7   21
              21 24 27
              30




                                      © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Memory

3x                       =
     2
     3




                                 3 taken 3 times
                                    equals 9.

               3 6 9
              12 15 18       7   21
              21 24 27
              30




                                          © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Memory

3x                       =
     2
     3                                           12




                                 3 taken 3 times
                                    equals 9.

               3 6 9
              12 15 18       7   21
              21 24 27
              30




                                          © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Memory

3x                       =




               3 6 9
              12 15 18       7   21
              21 24 27
              30




                                      © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Memory

3x                       =




               3 6 9
              12 15 18       7   21
              21 24 27
              30




                                      © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Memory
         5
3x                       =




               3 6 9
              12 15 18       7   21
              21 24 27
              30




                                      © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Memory
         5
3x                       =




               3 6 9
              12 15 18       7   21
              21 24 27
              30




                                      © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Memory
                  5
3x                               =




3 taken 5 times
  equals 15.

                       3 6 9
                      12 15 18       7   21
                      21 24 27
                      30




                                              © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Memory
                  5
3x                               =
                                              15




3 taken 5 times
  equals 15.

                       3 6 9
                      12 15 18       7   21
                      21 24 27
                      30




                                                   © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Memory

3x                                =




3 taken 5 times
  equals 15.


            5     15
                        3 6 9
                       12 15 18       7   21
                       21 24 27
                       30




                                               © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Memory

3x                          =




        5   15
                  3 6 9
                 12 15 18       7   21
                 21 24 27
                 30




                                         © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Memory

3x                          =




        8   24
                  3 6 9
                 12 15 18       1   3
                 21 24 27
                 30




                                        © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Tables




                        © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Tables




                        © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Tables




A rectangle 3 × 6
                            © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Tables




A rectangle 3 × 6
                            © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Tables




A rectangle 3 × 6
                            © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Tables




A rectangle 3 × 6
                            © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Tables




A rectangle 3 × 6
                            © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Tables




     4×7
                        © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Tables




     4×7
                        © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Tables




                        © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Tables

            9×3




                        © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Tables

            9×3




                        © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Tables

            6×6




                        © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Tables

            6×6




                        © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Tables

            4×7




                        © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Tables

            4×7




                        © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Tables

            4×7




                        © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Tables

            7×9




                        © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Tables

            7×9




                        © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Tables

            7×9

            9×7




                        © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Tables

            7×9

            9×7




                        © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Tables

            squares




                        © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Multiplication Tables

            squares




                        © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction Chart




                 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction Chart
                                                          1
                           1                                                            1
                           2                                                            2
               1                                          1                                          1
               3                                          3                                          3
           1                                 1                         1                                  1
           4                                 4                         4                                  4
       1                            1                     1                     1                             1
       5                            5                     5                     5                             5
   1                       1                     1                 1                    1                         1
   6                       6                     6                 6                    6                         6
  1                    1                1                 1                1                 1                     1
  7                    7                7                 7                7                 7                     7
 1                 1                1                1         1                1                1                  1
 8                 8                8                8         8                8                8                  8
 1             1                1            1            1            1            1                1              1
 9             9                9            9            9            9            9                9              9
1          1               1            1            1        1            1            1             1              1
10         10              10           10           10       10           10           10           10             10



                                                                                                                   © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction Chart
Stairs (Unit fractions)




          1


                          © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction Chart
    Stairs (Unit fractions)




1
2
              1


                              © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction Chart
        Stairs (Unit fractions)




1
3
    1
    2
                  1


                                  © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction Chart
            Stairs (Unit fractions)




1
4
    1
    3
        1
        2
                      1


                                      © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction Chart
                Stairs (Unit fractions)




1
5
    1
    4
        1
        3
            1
            2
                          1


                                          © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction Chart
                    Stairs (Unit fractions)




1
6
    1
    5
        1
        4
            1
            3
                1
                2
                              1


                                              © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction Chart
                     Stairs (Unit fractions)



1
7
 1
 6
     1
     5
         1
         4
             1
             3
                 1
                 2
                               1


                                               © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction Chart
                      Stairs (Unit fractions)

1
8
 1
 7
  1
  6
      1
      5
          1
          4
              1
              3
                  1
                  2
                                1


                                                © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction Chart
                      Stairs (Unit fractions)
1
9
1
8
 1
 7
  1
  6
      1
      5
          1
          4
              1
              3
                  1
                  2
                                1


                                                © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction Chart
1                      Stairs (Unit fractions)
10
 1
 9
 1
 8
  1
  7
   1
   6
       1
       5
           1
           4
               1
               3
                   1
                   2
                                 1


                                                 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction Chart
1                      Stairs (Unit fractions)
10
 1
 9
 1
 8
  1
  7
   1
   6
       1
       5
           1
           4
               1
               3
                   1
                   2
                                 1


                                                 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction Chart
1                      Stairs (Unit fractions)
10
 1
 9
 1
 8
  1
  7
   1
   6
       1
       5
           1
           4
               1
               3
                   1
                   2
                                 1

                           A hyperbola.
                                                 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction Chart
Stairs (Unit fractions)




 Without numbers.
                          © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction Naming

One divided into 2 equal parts.




                                  © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction Naming

One divided into 2 equal parts.




One divided into 3 equal parts.




                                  © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction Naming

One divided into 2 equal parts.




One divided into 3 equal parts.




One divided into 4 equal parts.
                                  © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction Naming
              1

One divided into 3 equal parts.


  1     One whole




                                  © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction Naming
              1

One divided into 3 equal parts.


  1     One whole
        divided into




                                  © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction Naming
              1

One divided into 3 equal parts.


  1     One whole
        divided into
  3     three equal parts




                                  © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction Naming
              1

One divided into 3 equal parts.


  1     One
        divided by
  3     three




                                  © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction Naming
                         1

           One divided into 3 equal parts.


              1    One
                   divided by
              3    three
In English, except for half, we use ordinal numbers
to name fractions.


                                             © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction Naming
              1

One divided into 3 equal parts.


  1 Read as “one-third.”
  3


                                  © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction Naming
                  1
1                  1                  1
3                  3                  3

    One divided into 3 equal parts.


      1 Read as “one-third.”
      3


                                          © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Unit Fraction War

Objective:
 To help the children realize a unit fraction
decreases as the denominator increases.




                                         © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Unit Fraction War

Objective:
 To help the children realize a unit fraction
decreases as the denominator increases.

Object of the game:
 To collect all, or most, of the cards with
the greater unit fraction.


                                          © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Unit Fraction War




                    © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Unit Fraction War


1            1
4            5




                    © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Unit Fraction War


1            1
4            5




                    © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Unit Fraction War




                    © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Unit Fraction War


1            1
8




                    © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Unit Fraction War


1            1
8




                    © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Unit Fraction War




                    © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Unit Fraction War


1            1
6            6




                    © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Unit Fraction War


1            1
6            6




                    © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Unit Fraction War


1               1
6               6


 1          1
 3          4




                    © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Unit Fraction War




                    © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction Naming
           1
1          1          1
3          3          3




                          © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction Naming
           1
1          1          1
3          3          3




                          © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction Naming
           1
1          1          1
3          3          3




                          © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction Naming
            1
1           1         1
3           3         3




      Two
            1s
            3

                          © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction Naming
            1
1           1             1
3           3             3




      Two
            1s   is
                      2
            3         3

                              © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction Naming
             1
1             1              1
3             3              3




      Two
            1s    is
                       2
            3          3
     Read as “two-thirds.”

                                 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction Chart
                                                          1
                           1                                                            1
                           2                                                            2
               1                                          1                                          1
               3                                          3                                          3
           1                                 1                         1                                  1
           4                                 4                         4                                  4
       1                            1                     1                     1                             1
       5                            5                     5                     5                             5
   1                       1                     1                 1                    1                         1
   6                       6                     6                 6                    6                         6
  1                    1                1                 1                1                 1                     1
  7                    7                7                 7                7                 7                     7
 1                 1                1                1         1                1                1                  1
 8                 8                8                8         8                8                8                  8
 1             1                1            1            1            1            1                1              1
 9             9                9            9            9            9            9                9              9
1          1               1            1            1        1            1            1             1              1
10         10              10           10           10       10           10           10           10             10

How many fourths in a whole?
                                                                                                                   © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction Chart
                                                          1
                           1                                                            1
                           2                                                            2
               1                                          1                                          1
               3                                          3                                          3
           1                                 1                         1                                  1
           4                                 4                         4                                  4
       1                            1                     1                     1                             1
       5                            5                     5                     5                             5
   1                       1                     1                 1                    1                         1
   6                       6                     6                 6                    6                         6
  1                    1                1                 1                1                 1                     1
  7                    7                7                 7                7                 7                     7
 1                 1                1                1         1                1                1                  1
 8                 8                8                8         8                8                8                  8
 1             1                1            1            1            1            1                1              1
 9             9                9            9            9            9            9                9              9
1          1               1            1            1        1            1            1             1              1
10         10              10           10           10       10           10           10           10             10

How many fourths in a whole?
                                                                                                                   © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction Chart
                                                          1
                           1                                                            1
                           2                                                            2
               1                                          1                                          1
               3                                          3                                          3
           1                                 1                         1                                  1
           4                                 4                         4                                  4
       1                            1                     1                     1                             1
       5                            5                     5                     5                             5
   1                       1                     1                 1                    1                         1
   6                       6                     6                 6                    6                         6
  1                    1                1                 1                1                 1                     1
  7                    7                7                 7                7                 7                     7
 1                 1                1                1         1                1                1                  1
 8                 8                8                8         8                8                8                  8
 1             1                1            1            1            1            1                1              1
 9             9                9            9            9            9            9                9              9
1          1               1            1            1        1            1            1             1              1
10         10              10           10           10       10           10           10           10             10

How many fourths in a whole?
                                                                                                                   © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction Chart
                                                          1
                           1                                                            1
                           2                                                            2
               1                                          1                                          1
               3                                          3                                          3
           1                                 1                         1                                  1
           4                                 4                         4                                  4
       1                            1                     1                     1                             1
       5                            5                     5                     5                             5
   1                       1                     1                 1                    1                         1
   6                       6                     6                 6                    6                         6
  1                    1                1                 1                1                 1                     1
  7                    7                7                 7                7                 7                     7
 1                 1                1                1         1                1                1                  1
 8                 8                8                8         8                8                8                  8
 1             1                1            1            1            1            1                1              1
 9             9                9            9            9            9            9                9              9
1          1               1            1            1        1            1            1             1              1
10         10              10           10           10       10           10           10           10             10

How many fourths in a whole?
                                                                                                                   © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction Chart
                                                          1
                           1                                                            1
                           2                                                            2
               1                                          1                                          1
               3                                          3                                          3
           1                                 1                         1                                  1
           4                                 4                         4                                  4
       1                            1                     1                     1                             1
       5                            5                     5                     5                             5
   1                       1                     1                 1                    1                         1
   6                       6                     6                 6                    6                         6
  1                    1                1                 1                1                 1                     1
  7                    7                7                 7                7                 7                     7
 1                 1                1                1         1                1                1                  1
 8                 8                8                8         8                8                8                  8
 1             1                1            1            1            1            1                1              1
 9             9                9            9            9            9            9                9              9
1          1               1            1            1        1            1            1             1              1
10         10              10           10           10       10           10           10           10             10

How many fourths in a whole?
                                                                                                                   © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction Chart
                                                          1
                           1                                                            1
                           2                                                            2
               1                                          1                                          1
               3                                          3                                          3
           1                                 1                         1                                  1
           4                                 4                         4                                  4
       1                            1                     1                     1                             1
       5                            5                     5                     5                             5
   1                       1                     1                 1                    1                         1
   6                       6                     6                 6                    6                         6
  1                    1                1                 1                1                 1                     1
  7                    7                7                 7                7                 7                     7
 1                 1                1                1         1                1                1                  1
 8                 8                8                8         8                8                8                  8
 1             1                1            1            1            1            1                1              1
 9             9                9            9            9            9            9                9              9
1          1               1            1            1        1            1            1             1              1
10         10              10           10           10       10           10           10           10             10

How many eighths in a whole?
                                                                                                                   © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Concentrating on One Game
Objective:
 To help the children realize that 5 fifths, 8
eighths, and so forth, make a whole.




                                          © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Concentrating on One Game
Objective:
 To help the children realize that 5 fifths, 8
eighths, and so forth, make a whole.

Object of the game:
 To find the pairs that make a whole.




                                          © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Concentrating on One




                       © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Concentrating on One
 3
 5




                       © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Concentrating on One
 3
 5




                       © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Concentrating on One
 3
 5




                       © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Concentrating on One
 3
 5


     2
     5




                       © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Concentrating on One




                       © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Concentrating on One




                 3
                 8



                       © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Concentrating on One




                 3
                 8



                       © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Concentrating on One




                 3
                 8



                       © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Concentrating on One
                       7
                       8




                 3
                 8



                           © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Concentrating on One




                       © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Concentrating on One
             5
             8




                       © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Concentrating on One
             5
             8




                       © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Concentrating on One
             5
             8




                       © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Concentrating on One
             5
             8




                 3
                 8



                       © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Concentrating on One




                       © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Concentrating on One




                       © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction Chart
                                                           1
                            1                                                            1
                            2                                                            2
                1                                          1                                          1
                3                                          3                                          3
            1                                 1                         1                                  1
            4                                 4                         4                                  4
        1                            1                     1                     1                             1
        5                            5                     5                     5                             5
    1                       1                     1                 1                    1                         1
    6                       6                     6                 6                    6                         6
   1                    1                1                 1                1                 1                     1
   7                    7                7                 7                7                 7                     7
  1                 1                1                1         1                1                1                  1
  8                 8                8                8         8                8                8                  8
  1             1                1            1            1            1            1                1              1
  9             9                9            9            9            9            9                9              9
 1          1               1            1            1        1            1            1             1              1
 10         10              10           10           10       10           10           10           10             10

Which is more, 3/4 or 4/5?
                                                                                                                    © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction Chart
                                                           1
                            1                                                            1
                            2                                                            2
                1                                          1                                          1
                3                                          3                                          3
            1                                 1                         1                                  1
            4                                 4                         4                                  4
        1                            1                     1                     1                             1
        5                            5                     5                     5                             5
    1                       1                     1                 1                    1                         1
    6                       6                     6                 6                    6                         6
   1                    1                1                 1                1                 1                     1
   7                    7                7                 7                7                 7                     7
  1                 1                1                1         1                1                1                  1
  8                 8                8                8         8                8                8                  8
  1             1                1            1            1            1            1                1              1
  9             9                9            9            9            9            9                9              9
 1          1               1            1            1        1            1            1             1              1
 10         10              10           10           10       10           10           10           10             10

Which is more, 3/4 or 4/5?
                                                                                                                    © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction Chart
                                                           1
                            1                                                            1
                            2                                                            2
                1                                          1                                          1
                3                                          3                                          3
            1                                 1                         1                                  1
            4                                 4                         4                                  4
        1                            1                     1                     1                             1
        5                            5                     5                     5                             5
    1                       1                     1                 1                    1                         1
    6                       6                     6                 6                    6                         6
   1                    1                1                 1                1                 1                     1
   7                    7                7                 7                7                 7                     7
  1                 1                1                1         1                1                1                  1
  8                 8                8                8         8                8                8                  8
  1             1                1            1            1            1            1                1              1
  9             9                9            9            9            9            9                9              9
 1          1               1            1            1        1            1            1             1              1
 10         10              10           10           10       10           10           10           10             10

Which is more, 7/8 or 8/9?
                                                                                                                    © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction Chart
                                                           1
                            1                                                            1
                            2                                                            2
                1                                          1                                          1
                3                                          3                                          3
            1                                 1                         1                                  1
            4                                 4                         4                                  4
        1                            1                     1                     1                             1
        5                            5                     5                     5                             5
    1                       1                     1                 1                    1                         1
    6                       6                     6                 6                    6                         6
   1                    1                1                 1                1                 1                     1
   7                    7                7                 7                7                 7                     7
  1                 1                1                1         1                1                1                  1
  8                 8                8                8         8                8                8                  8
  1             1                1            1            1            1            1                1              1
  9             9                9            9            9            9            9                9              9
 1          1               1            1            1        1            1            1             1              1
 10         10              10           10           10       10           10           10           10             10

Which is more, 7/8 or 8/9?
                                                                                                                    © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction Chart
                                                           1
                            1                                                            1
                            2                                                            2
                1                                          1                                          1
                3                                          3                                          3
            1                                 1                         1                                  1
            4                                 4                         4                                  4
        1                            1                     1                     1                             1
        5                            5                     5                     5                             5
    1                       1                     1                 1                    1                         1
    6                       6                     6                 6                    6                         6
   1                    1                1                 1                1                 1                     1
   7                    7                7                 7                7                 7                     7
  1                 1                1                1         1                1                1                  1
  8                 8                8                8         8                8                8                  8
  1             1                1            1            1            1            1                1              1
  9             9                9            9            9            9            9                9              9
 1          1               1            1            1        1            1            1             1              1
 10         10              10           10           10       10           10           10           10             10

An interesting pattern.
                                                                                                                    © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Partial Chart

                             1
            1                                1
            2                                2
    1                1               1               1
    4                4               4               4
1       1        1       1       1       1       1        1
8       8        8       8       8       8       8        8




                                                         © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Partial Chart

                             1
            1                                1
            2                                2
    1                1               1               1
    4                4               4               4
1       1        1       1       1       1       1        1
8       8        8       8       8       8       8        8




                                                         © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Partial Chart




                © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Partial Chart




1     2   3   4     5   6




                            © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction War
Objective:
 To practice comparing ones, halves,
fourths, and eighths in preparation for
reading a ruler.




                                          © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction War
Objective:
 To practice comparing ones, halves,
fourths, and eighths in preparation for
reading a ruler.

Object of the game:
 To capture all the cards.



                                          © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction War
                            1
            1                               1
            2                               2
    1               1               1               1
    4               4               4               4
1       1       1       1       1       1       1       1
8       8       8       8       8       8       8       8




                                                            © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction War
                            1
            1                               1
            2                               2
    1               1               1                   1
    4               4               4                   4
1       1       1       1       1       1           1       1
8       8       8       8       8       8           8       8




1                                               1
8                                               4




                                                                © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction War
                            1
            1                               1
            2                               2
    1               1               1                   1
    4               4               4                   4
1       1       1       1       1       1           1       1
8       8       8       8       8       8           8       8




1                                               1
8                                               4




                                                                © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction War
                            1
            1                               1
            2                               2
    1               1               1                   1
    4               4               4                   4
1       1       1       1       1       1           1       1
8       8       8       8       8       8           8       8




1                                               1
8                                               4




                                                                © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction War
                            1
            1                               1
            2                               2
    1               1               1               1
    4               4               4               4
1       1       1       1       1       1       1       1
8       8       8       8       8       8       8       8




                                                            © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction War
                            1
            1                               1
            2                               2
    1               1               1               1
    4               4               4               4
1       1       1       1       1       1       1       1
8       8       8       8       8       8       8       8




5                                               3
8                                               4




                                                            © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction War
                            1
            1                               1
            2                               2
    1               1               1               1
    4               4               4               4
1       1       1       1       1       1       1       1
8       8       8       8       8       8       8       8




5                                               3
8                                               4




                                                            © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction War
                            1
            1                               1
            2                               2
    1               1               1               1
    4               4               4               4
1       1       1       1       1       1       1       1
8       8       8       8       8       8       8       8




5                                               3
8                                               4




                                                            © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction War
                            1
            1                               1
            2                               2
    1               1               1               1
    4               4               4               4
1       1       1       1       1       1       1       1
8       8       8       8       8       8       8       8




                                                            © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction War
                            1
            1                               1
            2                               2
    1               1               1                   1
    4               4               4                   4
1       1       1       1       1       1           1       1
8       8       8       8       8       8           8       8




3                                               3
4                                               4




                                                                © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction War
                            1
            1                               1
            2                               2
    1               1               1                   1
    4               4               4                   4
1       1       1       1       1       1           1       1
8       8       8       8       8       8           8       8




3                                               3
4                                               4




                                                                © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction War
                            1
            1                               1
            2                               2
    1               1               1                   1
    4               4               4                   4
1       1       1       1       1       1           1       1
8       8       8       8       8       8           8       8




3                                               3
4                                               4


    3                                       1
    8                                       4



                                                                © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction War
                            1
            1                               1
            2                               2
    1               1               1               1
    4               4               4               4
1       1       1       1       1       1       1       1
8       8       8       8       8       8       8       8




                                                            © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction War
                            1
            1                               1
            2                               2
    1               1               1               1
    4               4               4               4
1       1       1       1       1       1       1       1
8       8       8       8       8       8       8       8




                                                            © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction Chart
                                                          1
                           1                                                            1
                           2                                                            2
               1                                          1                                          1
               3                                          3                                          3
           1                                 1                         1                                  1
           4                                 4                         4                                  4
       1                            1                     1                     1                             1
       5                            5                     5                     5                             5
   1                       1                     1                 1                    1                         1
   6                       6                     6                 6                    6                         6
  1                    1                1                 1                1                 1                     1
  7                    7                7                 7                7                 7                     7
 1                 1                1                1         1                1                1                  1
 8                 8                8                8         8                8                8                  8
 1             1                1            1            1            1            1                1              1
 9             9                9            9            9            9            9                9              9
1          1               1            1            1        1            1            1             1              1
10         10              10           10           10       10           10           10           10             10

How many fourths equal a half?
                                                                                                                   © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
Fraction Chart
                                                          1
                           1                                                            1
                           2                                                            2
               1                                          1                                          1
               3                                          3                                          3
           1                                 1                         1                                  1
           4                                 4                         4                                  4
       1                            1                     1                     1                             1
       5                            5                     5                     5                             5
   1                       1                     1                 1                    1                         1
   6                       6                     6                 6                    6                         6
  1                    1                1                 1                1                 1                     1
  7                    7                7                 7                7                 7                     7
 1                 1                1                1         1                1                1                  1
 8                 8                8                8         8                8                8                  8
 1             1                1            1            1            1            1                1              1
 9             9                9            9            9            9            9                9              9
1          1               1            1            1        1            1            1             1              1
10         10              10           10           10       10           10           10           10             10

How many fourths equal a half?
                                                                                                                   © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
IMF: Visualizing and Montessori Math PART 2
IMF: Visualizing and Montessori Math PART 2
IMF: Visualizing and Montessori Math PART 2
IMF: Visualizing and Montessori Math PART 2
IMF: Visualizing and Montessori Math PART 2
IMF: Visualizing and Montessori Math PART 2
IMF: Visualizing and Montessori Math PART 2
IMF: Visualizing and Montessori Math PART 2
IMF: Visualizing and Montessori Math PART 2
IMF: Visualizing and Montessori Math PART 2
IMF: Visualizing and Montessori Math PART 2
IMF: Visualizing and Montessori Math PART 2
IMF: Visualizing and Montessori Math PART 2
IMF: Visualizing and Montessori Math PART 2
IMF: Visualizing and Montessori Math PART 2
IMF: Visualizing and Montessori Math PART 2
IMF: Visualizing and Montessori Math PART 2
IMF: Visualizing and Montessori Math PART 2
IMF: Visualizing and Montessori Math PART 2
IMF: Visualizing and Montessori Math PART 2
IMF: Visualizing and Montessori Math PART 2
IMF: Visualizing and Montessori Math PART 2
IMF: Visualizing and Montessori Math PART 2
IMF: Visualizing and Montessori Math PART 2
IMF: Visualizing and Montessori Math PART 2
IMF: Visualizing and Montessori Math PART 2
IMF: Visualizing and Montessori Math PART 2
IMF: Visualizing and Montessori Math PART 2
IMF: Visualizing and Montessori Math PART 2
IMF: Visualizing and Montessori Math PART 2
IMF: Visualizing and Montessori Math PART 2
IMF: Visualizing and Montessori Math PART 2
IMF: Visualizing and Montessori Math PART 2
IMF: Visualizing and Montessori Math PART 2
IMF: Visualizing and Montessori Math PART 2
IMF: Visualizing and Montessori Math PART 2
IMF: Visualizing and Montessori Math PART 2
IMF: Visualizing and Montessori Math PART 2
IMF: Visualizing and Montessori Math PART 2
IMF: Visualizing and Montessori Math PART 2
IMF: Visualizing and Montessori Math PART 2
IMF: Visualizing and Montessori Math PART 2
IMF: Visualizing and Montessori Math PART 2
IMF: Visualizing and Montessori Math PART 2

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IMF: Visualizing and Montessori Math PART 2

  • 1. How Visualization Enhances Montessori Mathematics PART 2 by Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D. JoanCotter@RightStartMath.com Montessori Foundation Conference Friday, Nov 2, 2012 Sarasota, Florida 8 16 24 32 40 3 2 5 5 PowerPoint Presentation & Handout RightStartMath.com >Resources © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 2. Multiplication Strategies Basic facts © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 3. Multiplication Strategies Basic facts 6× 4= (6 taken 4 times) © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 4. Multiplication Strategies Basic facts 6× 4= (6 taken 4 times) © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 5. Multiplication Strategies Basic facts 6× 4= (6 taken 4 times) © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 6. Multiplication Strategies Basic facts 6× 4= (6 taken 4 times) © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 7. Multiplication Strategies Basic facts 6× 4= (6 taken 4 times) © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 8. Multiplication Strategies Basic facts 9× 3= © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 9. Multiplication Strategies Basic facts 9× 3= © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 10. Multiplication Strategies Basic facts 9× 3= 30 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 11. Multiplication Strategies Basic facts 9× 3= 30 – 3 = 27 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 12. Multiplication Strategies Basic facts 4× 8= © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 13. Multiplication Strategies Basic facts 4× 8= © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 14. Multiplication Strategies Basic facts 4× 8= © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 15. Multiplication Strategies Basic facts 4× 8= 20 + 12 = 32 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 16. Multiplication Strategies Basic facts 7× 7= © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 17. Multiplication Strategies Basic facts 7× 7= © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 18. Multiplication Strategies Basic facts 7× 7= 25 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 19. Multiplication Strategies Basic facts 7× 7= 25 + 10 + 10 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 20. Multiplication Strategies Basic facts 7× 7= 25 + 10 + 10 + 4 = 49 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 21. Multiplication on the AL Abacus Commutative property 5× 6=6× 5 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 22. Multiplication on the AL Abacus Commutative property 5× 6=6× 5 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 23. Multiplication on the AL Abacus Commutative property 5× 6=6× 5 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 24. Multiplication on the AL Abacus Commutative property 5× 6=6× 5 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 25. Multiplication on the AL Abacus For facts > 5 × 5 7×8= This method was used in the Middle Ages, rather than memorize the facts > 5 × 5. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 26. Multiplication on the AL Abacus For facts > 5 × 5 7×8= This method was used in the Middle Ages, rather than memorize the facts > 5 × 5. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 27. Multiplication on the AL Abacus For facts > 5 × 5 7×8= Tens: This method was used in the Middle Ages, rather than memorize the facts > 5 × 5. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 28. Multiplication on the AL Abacus For facts > 5 × 5 7×8= Tens: This method was used in the Middle Ages, rather than memorize the facts > 5 × 5. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 29. Multiplication on the AL Abacus For facts > 5 × 5 7×8= Tens: 20 + 30 This method was used in the Middle Ages, rather than memorize the facts > 5 × 5. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 30. Multiplication on the AL Abacus For facts > 5 × 5 7×8= 50 + Tens: 20 + 30 50 This method was used in the Middle Ages, rather than memorize the facts > 5 × 5. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 31. Multiplication on the AL Abacus For facts > 5 × 5 7×8= 50 + Tens: 20 Ones: + 30 50 This method was used in the Middle Ages, rather than memorize the facts > 5 × 5. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 32. Multiplication on the AL Abacus For facts > 5 × 5 7×8= 50 + Tens: 20 Ones: + 30 50 This method was used in the Middle Ages, rather than memorize the facts > 5 × 5. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 33. Multiplication on the AL Abacus For facts > 5 × 5 7×8= 50 + Tens: 20 Ones: 3 + 30 ×2 50 This method was used in the Middle Ages, rather than memorize the facts > 5 × 5. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 34. Multiplication on the AL Abacus For facts > 5 × 5 7×8= 50 + 6 Tens: 20 Ones: 3 + 30 ×2 50 6 This method was used in the Middle Ages, rather than memorize the facts > 5 × 5. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 35. Multiplication on the AL Abacus For facts > 5 × 5 7×8= 50 + 6 = 56 Tens: 20 Ones: 3 + 30 ×2 50 6 This method was used in the Middle Ages, rather than memorize the facts > 5 × 5. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 36. Multiplication on the AL Abacus For facts > 5 × 5 9×7= © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 37. Multiplication on the AL Abacus For facts > 5 × 5 9×7= © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 38. Multiplication on the AL Abacus For facts > 5 × 5 9×7= Tens: © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 39. Multiplication on the AL Abacus For facts > 5 × 5 9×7= Tens: © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 40. Multiplication on the AL Abacus For facts > 5 × 5 9×7= Tens: 40 + 20 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 41. Multiplication on the AL Abacus For facts > 5 × 5 9×7= 60 + Tens: 40 + 20 60 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 42. Multiplication on the AL Abacus For facts > 5 × 5 9×7= 60 + Tens: 40 Ones: + 20 60 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 43. Multiplication on the AL Abacus For facts > 5 × 5 9×7= 60 + Tens: 40 Ones: + 20 60 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 44. Multiplication on the AL Abacus For facts > 5 × 5 9×7= 60 + Tens: 40 Ones: 1 + 20 ×3 60 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 45. Multiplication on the AL Abacus For facts > 5 × 5 9×7= 60 + 3 Tens: 40 Ones: 1 + 20 ×3 60 3 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 46. Multiplication on the AL Abacus For facts > 5 × 5 9×7= 60 + 3 = 63 Tens: 40 Ones: 1 + 20 ×3 60 3 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 47. The Multiplication Board 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6×4 6 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 48. The Multiplication Board 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6×4 6 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 49. The Multiplication Board 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7×7 7 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 50. The Multiplication Board 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7×7 7 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 51. The Multiplication Board 7×7 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 52. Multiples Patterns Twos 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 53. Multiples Patterns Twos 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 The ones repeat in the second row. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 54. Multiples Patterns Fours 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 The ones repeat in the second row. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 55. Multiples Patterns Sixes and Eights 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 56. Multiples Patterns Sixes and Eights 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 57. Multiples Patterns Sixes and Eights 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 58. Multiples Patterns Sixes and Eights 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 The ones in the 8s show the multiples of 2. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 59. Multiples Patterns Sixes and Eights 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 The ones in the 8s show the multiples of 2. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 60. Multiples Patterns Sixes and Eights 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 The ones in the 8s show the multiples of 2. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 61. Multiples Patterns Sixes and Eights 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 The ones in the 8s show the multiples of 2. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 62. Multiples Patterns Sixes and Eights 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 The ones in the 8s show the multiples of 2. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 63. Multiples Patterns Sixes and Eights 6 12 18 24 30 6× 4 36 42 48 54 60 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 6 × 4 is the fourth number (multiple). © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 64. Multiples Patterns Sixes and Eights 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 8× 7 8 × 7 is the seventh number (multiple). © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 65. Multiples Patterns Nines 9 18 27 36 45 90 81 72 63 54 The second row is written in reverse order. Also the digits in each number add to 9. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 66. Multiples Patterns Threes 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 The 3s have several patterns: Observe the ones. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 67. Multiples Patterns Threes 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 The 3s have several patterns: Observe the ones. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 68. Multiples Patterns Threes 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 The 3s have several patterns: Observe the ones. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 69. Multiples Patterns Threes 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 The 3s have several patterns: Observe the ones. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 70. Multiples Patterns Threes 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 The 3s have several patterns: Observe the ones. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 71. Multiples Patterns Threes 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 The 3s have several patterns: Observe the ones. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 72. Multiples Patterns Threes 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 The 3s have several patterns: Observe the ones. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 73. Multiples Patterns Threes 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 The 3s have several patterns: Observe the ones. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 74. Multiples Patterns Threes 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 The 3s have several patterns: Observe the ones. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 75. Multiples Patterns Threes 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 The 3s have several patterns: Observe the ones. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 76. Multiples Patterns Threes 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 The 3s have several patterns: Observe the ones. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 77. Multiples Patterns Threes 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 The 3s have several patterns: The tens are the same in each row. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 78. Multiples Patterns Threes 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 The 3s have several patterns: Add the digits in the columns. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 79. Multiples Patterns Threes 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 The 3s have several patterns: Add the digits in the columns. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 80. Multiples Patterns Threes 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 The 3s have several patterns: Add the digits in the columns. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 81. Multiples Patterns Threes 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 The 3s have several patterns: Add the “opposites.” © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 82. Multiples Patterns Threes 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 The 3s have several patterns: Add the “opposites.” © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 83. Multiples Patterns Threes 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 The 3s have several patterns: Add the “opposites.” © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 84. Multiples Patterns Threes 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 The 3s have several patterns: Add the “opposites.” © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 85. Multiples Patterns Sevens 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 The 7s have the 1, 2, 3… pattern. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 86. Multiples Patterns Sevens 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 The 7s have the 1, 2, 3… pattern. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 87. Multiples Patterns Sevens 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 The 7s have the 1, 2, 3… pattern. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 88. Multiples Patterns Sevens 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 The 7s have the 1, 2, 3… pattern. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 89. Multiples Patterns Sevens 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 Look at the tens. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 90. Multiples Patterns Sevens 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 Look at the tens. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 91. Multiples Patterns Sevens 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 Look at the tens. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 92. Multiples Memory © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 93. Multiples Memory Objective: To help the players learn the multiples patterns. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 94. Multiples Memory Objective: To help the players learn the multiples patterns. Object of the game: To be the first player to collect all ten cards of a multiple in order. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 95. Multiples Memory 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 The 7s envelope contains 10 cards, each with one of the numbers listed. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 96. Multiples Memory 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 The 8s envelope contains 10 cards, each with one of the numbers listed. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 97. Multiples Memory 7 14 21 28 35 42 8 16 24 32 40 49 56 63 48 56 64 72 80 70 7 14 21 8 16 24 32 40 28 35 42 48 56 64 72 80 49 56 63 70 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 98. Multiples Memory 7 14 21 28 35 42 8 16 24 32 40 49 56 63 48 56 64 72 80 70 7 14 21 8 16 24 32 40 28 35 42 48 56 64 72 80 49 56 63 70 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 99. Multiples Memory 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 7 14 21 8 16 24 32 40 28 35 42 48 56 64 72 80 49 56 63 70 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 100. Multiples Memory 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 7 14 21 8 16 24 32 40 28 35 42 48 56 64 72 80 49 56 63 14 70 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 101. Multiples Memory 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 7 14 21 8 16 24 32 40 28 35 42 48 56 64 72 80 49 56 63 70 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 102. Multiples Memory 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 7 14 21 8 16 24 32 40 28 35 42 48 56 64 72 80 49 56 63 70 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 103. Multiples Memory 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 7 14 21 8 16 24 32 40 28 35 42 48 56 64 72 80 49 56 63 70 40 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 104. Multiples Memory 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 7 14 21 8 16 24 32 40 28 35 42 48 56 64 72 80 49 56 63 70 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 105. Multiples Memory 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 7 14 21 8 16 24 32 40 28 35 42 48 56 64 72 80 49 56 63 70 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 106. Multiples Memory 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 7 14 21 8 16 24 32 40 28 35 42 48 56 64 72 80 49 56 63 70 8 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 107. Multiples Memory 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 7 14 21 8 16 24 32 40 28 35 42 48 56 64 72 80 49 56 63 70 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 108. Multiples Memory 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 7 14 21 8 16 24 32 40 28 35 42 48 56 64 72 80 49 56 63 70 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 109. Multiples Memory 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 7 14 21 8 16 24 32 40 28 35 42 48 56 64 72 80 49 56 63 70 8 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 110. Multiples Memory 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 7 14 21 8 16 24 32 40 28 35 42 48 56 64 72 80 49 56 63 70 8 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 111. Multiples Memory 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 7 14 21 8 16 24 32 40 28 35 42 48 56 64 72 80 49 56 63 56 70 8 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 112. Multiples Memory 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 7 14 21 8 16 24 32 40 28 35 42 48 56 64 72 80 49 56 63 70 8 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 113. Multiples Memory 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 7 14 21 8 16 24 32 40 28 35 42 48 56 64 72 80 49 56 63 70 8 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 114. Multiples Memory 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 7 7 14 21 8 16 24 32 40 28 35 42 48 56 64 72 80 49 56 63 70 8 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 115. Multiples Memory 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 7 14 21 8 16 24 32 40 28 35 42 48 56 64 72 80 49 56 63 70 8 7 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 116. Multiples Memory 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 7 14 21 8 16 24 32 40 28 35 42 48 56 64 72 80 49 56 63 14 70 8 7 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 117. Multiples Memory 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 7 14 21 8 16 24 32 40 28 35 42 48 56 64 72 80 49 56 63 70 8 7 14 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 118. Multiples Memory 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 24 7 14 21 8 16 24 32 40 28 35 42 48 56 64 72 80 49 56 63 70 8 7 14 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 119. Multiples Memory 7 14 21 28 35 42 8 16 24 32 40 49 56 63 48 56 64 72 80 70 7 14 21 8 16 24 32 40 28 35 42 48 56 64 72 80 49 56 63 70 8 7 14 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 120. Multiples Memory 7 14 21 28 35 42 8 16 24 32 40 49 56 63 48 56 64 72 80 70 7 14 21 8 16 24 32 40 28 35 42 48 56 64 72 80 49 56 63 70 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 121. Multiplication Memory Objective: To help the players master the multiplication facts. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 122. Multiplication Memory Objective: To help the players master the multiplication facts. Object of the game: To collect the most cards by matching the multiplier with the product. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 123. Multiplication Memory Materials Needed: © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 124. Multiplication Memory 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Materials Needed: • Ten basic cards, numbered 1 to 10 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 125. Multiplication Memory 3 1 2 3 4 5 3 6 9 12 15 18 6 7 8 9 10 21 24 27 30 Materials Needed: • Ten basic cards, numbered 1 to 10 • A set of product cards (3s used here) © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 126. Multiplication Memory 3 1 2 3 4 5 3x 3 6 9 12 15 18 6 7 8 9 10 21 24 27 30 Materials Needed: • Ten basic cards, numbered 1 to 10 • A set of product cards (3s used here) • A stickie note with “3 x” written on it © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 127. Multiplication Memory 3 1 2 3 4 5 3x 3 6 9 12 15 18 6 7 8 9 10 21 24 27 30 = Materials Needed: • Ten basic cards, numbered 1 to 10 • A set of product cards (3s used here) • A stickie with “3 x” written on it • A stickie with “=” written on it © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 128. Multiplication Memory 3 1 2 3 4 5 3x 3 6 9 12 15 18 6 7 8 9 10 21 24 27 30 = Materials Needed: • Ten basic cards, numbered 1 to 10 • A set of product cards (3s used here) • A stickie with “3 x” written on it • A stickie with “=” written on it • A manipulative with groups of five © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 129. Multiplication Memory 3x = 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 130. Multiplication Memory 3x = 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 131. Multiplication Memory 5 3x = 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 132. Multiplication Memory 5 3x = 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 133. Multiplication Memory 5 3x = 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 134. Multiplication Memory 5 3x = 3 taken 5 times equals 15. 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 135. Multiplication Memory 5 21 3x = 3 taken 5 times equals 15. 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 136. Multiplication Memory 3x = 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 137. Multiplication Memory 3x = 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 138. Multiplication Memory 3x = 7 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 139. Multiplication Memory 3x = 7 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 140. Multiplication Memory 3x = 7 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 141. Multiplication Memory 3x = 7 3 taken 7 times equals 21. 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 142. Multiplication Memory 21 3x = 7 3 taken 7 times equals 21. 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 143. Multiplication Memory 3x = 3 taken 7 times equals 21. 3 6 9 12 15 18 7 21 21 24 27 30 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 144. Multiplication Memory 3x = 2 3 6 9 12 15 18 7 21 21 24 27 30 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 145. Multiplication Memory 3x = 2 3 3 6 9 12 15 18 7 21 21 24 27 30 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 146. Multiplication Memory 3x = 2 3 3 6 9 12 15 18 7 21 21 24 27 30 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 147. Multiplication Memory 3x = 2 3 3 taken 3 times equals 9. 3 6 9 12 15 18 7 21 21 24 27 30 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 148. Multiplication Memory 3x = 2 3 12 3 taken 3 times equals 9. 3 6 9 12 15 18 7 21 21 24 27 30 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 149. Multiplication Memory 3x = 3 6 9 12 15 18 7 21 21 24 27 30 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 150. Multiplication Memory 3x = 3 6 9 12 15 18 7 21 21 24 27 30 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 151. Multiplication Memory 5 3x = 3 6 9 12 15 18 7 21 21 24 27 30 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 152. Multiplication Memory 5 3x = 3 6 9 12 15 18 7 21 21 24 27 30 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 153. Multiplication Memory 5 3x = 3 taken 5 times equals 15. 3 6 9 12 15 18 7 21 21 24 27 30 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 154. Multiplication Memory 5 3x = 15 3 taken 5 times equals 15. 3 6 9 12 15 18 7 21 21 24 27 30 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 155. Multiplication Memory 3x = 3 taken 5 times equals 15. 5 15 3 6 9 12 15 18 7 21 21 24 27 30 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 156. Multiplication Memory 3x = 5 15 3 6 9 12 15 18 7 21 21 24 27 30 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 157. Multiplication Memory 3x = 8 24 3 6 9 12 15 18 1 3 21 24 27 30 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 158. Multiplication Tables © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 159. Multiplication Tables © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 160. Multiplication Tables A rectangle 3 × 6 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 161. Multiplication Tables A rectangle 3 × 6 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 162. Multiplication Tables A rectangle 3 × 6 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 163. Multiplication Tables A rectangle 3 × 6 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 164. Multiplication Tables A rectangle 3 × 6 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 165. Multiplication Tables 4×7 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 166. Multiplication Tables 4×7 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 167. Multiplication Tables © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 168. Multiplication Tables 9×3 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 169. Multiplication Tables 9×3 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 170. Multiplication Tables 6×6 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 171. Multiplication Tables 6×6 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 172. Multiplication Tables 4×7 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 173. Multiplication Tables 4×7 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 174. Multiplication Tables 4×7 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 175. Multiplication Tables 7×9 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 176. Multiplication Tables 7×9 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 177. Multiplication Tables 7×9 9×7 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 178. Multiplication Tables 7×9 9×7 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 179. Multiplication Tables squares © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 180. Multiplication Tables squares © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 181. Fraction Chart © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 182. Fraction Chart 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 6 6 6 6 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 183. Fraction Chart Stairs (Unit fractions) 1 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 184. Fraction Chart Stairs (Unit fractions) 1 2 1 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 185. Fraction Chart Stairs (Unit fractions) 1 3 1 2 1 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 186. Fraction Chart Stairs (Unit fractions) 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 187. Fraction Chart Stairs (Unit fractions) 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 188. Fraction Chart Stairs (Unit fractions) 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 189. Fraction Chart Stairs (Unit fractions) 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 190. Fraction Chart Stairs (Unit fractions) 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 191. Fraction Chart Stairs (Unit fractions) 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 192. Fraction Chart 1 Stairs (Unit fractions) 10 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 193. Fraction Chart 1 Stairs (Unit fractions) 10 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 194. Fraction Chart 1 Stairs (Unit fractions) 10 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 A hyperbola. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 195. Fraction Chart Stairs (Unit fractions) Without numbers. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 196. Fraction Naming One divided into 2 equal parts. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 197. Fraction Naming One divided into 2 equal parts. One divided into 3 equal parts. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 198. Fraction Naming One divided into 2 equal parts. One divided into 3 equal parts. One divided into 4 equal parts. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 199. Fraction Naming 1 One divided into 3 equal parts. 1 One whole © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 200. Fraction Naming 1 One divided into 3 equal parts. 1 One whole divided into © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 201. Fraction Naming 1 One divided into 3 equal parts. 1 One whole divided into 3 three equal parts © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 202. Fraction Naming 1 One divided into 3 equal parts. 1 One divided by 3 three © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 203. Fraction Naming 1 One divided into 3 equal parts. 1 One divided by 3 three In English, except for half, we use ordinal numbers to name fractions. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 204. Fraction Naming 1 One divided into 3 equal parts. 1 Read as “one-third.” 3 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 205. Fraction Naming 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 One divided into 3 equal parts. 1 Read as “one-third.” 3 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 206. Unit Fraction War Objective: To help the children realize a unit fraction decreases as the denominator increases. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 207. Unit Fraction War Objective: To help the children realize a unit fraction decreases as the denominator increases. Object of the game: To collect all, or most, of the cards with the greater unit fraction. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 208. Unit Fraction War © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 209. Unit Fraction War 1 1 4 5 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 210. Unit Fraction War 1 1 4 5 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 211. Unit Fraction War © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 212. Unit Fraction War 1 1 8 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 213. Unit Fraction War 1 1 8 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 214. Unit Fraction War © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 215. Unit Fraction War 1 1 6 6 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 216. Unit Fraction War 1 1 6 6 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 217. Unit Fraction War 1 1 6 6 1 1 3 4 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 218. Unit Fraction War © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 219. Fraction Naming 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 220. Fraction Naming 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 221. Fraction Naming 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 222. Fraction Naming 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 Two 1s 3 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 223. Fraction Naming 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 Two 1s is 2 3 3 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 224. Fraction Naming 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 Two 1s is 2 3 3 Read as “two-thirds.” © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 225. Fraction Chart 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 6 6 6 6 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 How many fourths in a whole? © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 226. Fraction Chart 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 6 6 6 6 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 How many fourths in a whole? © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 227. Fraction Chart 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 6 6 6 6 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 How many fourths in a whole? © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 228. Fraction Chart 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 6 6 6 6 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 How many fourths in a whole? © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 229. Fraction Chart 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 6 6 6 6 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 How many fourths in a whole? © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 230. Fraction Chart 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 6 6 6 6 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 How many eighths in a whole? © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 231. Concentrating on One Game Objective: To help the children realize that 5 fifths, 8 eighths, and so forth, make a whole. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 232. Concentrating on One Game Objective: To help the children realize that 5 fifths, 8 eighths, and so forth, make a whole. Object of the game: To find the pairs that make a whole. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 233. Concentrating on One © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 234. Concentrating on One 3 5 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 235. Concentrating on One 3 5 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 236. Concentrating on One 3 5 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 237. Concentrating on One 3 5 2 5 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 238. Concentrating on One © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 239. Concentrating on One 3 8 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 240. Concentrating on One 3 8 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 241. Concentrating on One 3 8 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 242. Concentrating on One 7 8 3 8 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 243. Concentrating on One © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 244. Concentrating on One 5 8 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 245. Concentrating on One 5 8 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 246. Concentrating on One 5 8 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 247. Concentrating on One 5 8 3 8 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 248. Concentrating on One © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 249. Concentrating on One © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 250. Fraction Chart 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 6 6 6 6 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 Which is more, 3/4 or 4/5? © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 251. Fraction Chart 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 6 6 6 6 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 Which is more, 3/4 or 4/5? © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 252. Fraction Chart 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 6 6 6 6 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 Which is more, 7/8 or 8/9? © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 253. Fraction Chart 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 6 6 6 6 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 Which is more, 7/8 or 8/9? © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 254. Fraction Chart 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 6 6 6 6 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 An interesting pattern. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 255. Partial Chart 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 256. Partial Chart 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 257. Partial Chart © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 258. Partial Chart 1 2 3 4 5 6 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 259. Fraction War Objective: To practice comparing ones, halves, fourths, and eighths in preparation for reading a ruler. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 260. Fraction War Objective: To practice comparing ones, halves, fourths, and eighths in preparation for reading a ruler. Object of the game: To capture all the cards. © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 261. Fraction War 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 262. Fraction War 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 1 1 8 4 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 263. Fraction War 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 1 1 8 4 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 264. Fraction War 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 1 1 8 4 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 265. Fraction War 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 266. Fraction War 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 5 3 8 4 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 267. Fraction War 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 5 3 8 4 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 268. Fraction War 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 5 3 8 4 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 269. Fraction War 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 270. Fraction War 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 3 3 4 4 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 271. Fraction War 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 3 3 4 4 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 272. Fraction War 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 3 3 4 4 3 1 8 4 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 273. Fraction War 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 274. Fraction War 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 275. Fraction Chart 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 6 6 6 6 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 How many fourths equal a half? © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012
  • 276. Fraction Chart 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 6 6 6 6 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 How many fourths equal a half? © Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D., 2012