1. BENTUK MODEL KELEMBAGAAN
SISTEM NAMA DOMAIN INTERNET
UNTUK INDONESIA
Paparan oleh
Sukarno Abdulrachman
Pembentukan Lembaga Pengelolaan Nama Domain
Jakarta, 19-20 Januari 2005
2. Ringkasan
Menemukan dan mengembangkan
MODEL melalui pengamatan POLA
PIKIR, PANDANGAN & SOLUSI di
berbagai belahan dunia
Paparan tidak membahas MODEL
secara teknis operasional, melainkan
KONSEPTUAL
2
3. Isi Paparan Hal
1. Pengelolaan Internet – Internet Governance 5
a. Tantangan
b. Ciri-ciri / Sifat Pengelolaan
1. Sistem Nama Domain se-Dunia, 9
ICANN
3. Fungsi/ tugas Lembaga 16
4. Kerja-sama Internasional 21
5. Benchmarking auDA, CIRA 22
6. Kesimpulan dan Saran 31
3
4. Referensi-referensi
1. Presentation Mr. Stuart Lynn, Former
President ICANN, Cornell University,
28 Juni 2005
2. Kajian Lembaga Internet Indonesia,
DepKomInfo, 2005
3. ICANN, auDA, CIRA, CENTR, APTLD,
dll.
6. What Is Internet Governance?
Broad View
Narrow View
Social Policy
Issues Central
Spam
Coordination
Cybercrime
Names
Terrorism
Pornography Numbers
Copyrights Etc
Economic Policy Internet Stability
Issues
(ITU vs ICANN)
Haves vs Have Nots
Taxation
Legal
6 Enforcement
7. Tantangan dalam Pengelolaan
Internet
Trans-jurisdictional (Melintasi batas-batas Negara)
Nations, states, etc.
Rapid change (Perubahan Cepat Sekali)
Instant obsolescence
Porous (Terbuka)
Open to “all” and “everything”
Lack of ”situs” (Lokasi fisik tidak menentu)
Anywhere, any place, any time
Conflicting interests (Konflik Kepentingan -
Disputes)
Dan lain-lain
7
8. Ciri-ciri / Sifat-sifat Pengelolaan
Internet
(Juga untuk Pengelolaan Domain)
Governance should be characterized by:
Democratic & transparent processes
Open participation
Governments, private sector, civil
society etc
Avoidance of undue influence, capture
Efficient management, decision-making
Kompetisi, dimana mungkin
8
10. Domain Names
In place of a hard to remember number
IP (Internet Protocol) address
128.82.48.10
Use an easy to remember domain
name
www.msl.net
10
11. The Domain Name Hierarchy
Root The Root
Top Level Domains .com .edu .biz ... .id .uk . . .
Second Level
Cnet.com or.id
Domains
Third Level Domains abc.or.id
Global TLDs ccTLDs
11
12. The Domain Name System /Process
Root REGISTRAR(S)
Zone Root ICANN
Root Register
File Server
Root
Server Domain
Server
Names
USER ISP REGISTRY
IP IP
Address Address
abc.msl.net?? Domain of ..net of .msl.net
Name .net Registry .msl.net Registry
Resolver Registry Registry
NAME SERVERS
IP Address of
abc.msl.net
12
14. ICANN Mission
Coordinate allocation/assignment of Internet
unique identifiers
Names, addresses, protocol numbers
Coordinate operation/evolution of DNS
Stability
Coordinate policy development
Reasonably/appropriately related
Promote core values
Stability, delegation, consensus
Competition, market mechanisms
Openness, transparency, fairness,
accountability
Respect for role of governments
14
15. ICANN Organization (2005)
ICANN President/CEO
Ombudsman Board of Directors
Board of Directors Staff
GAC ALAC
Government
Government At-Large
At-Large
Advisory Council
Advisory Council Advisory Council
Advisory Council
CCNSO
CCNSO GNSO ASO
Country Code Names
Country Code Names Generic Names
Generic Names Address
Address
Supporting Organization
Supporting Organization Supporting Organization
Supporting Organization Supporting Organization
Supporting Organization
At Large Security & Stability Root System Server Technical Liaison
Advisory Committee Advisory Committee Advisory Committee Group
Liaison Liaison Liaison (IETF)
15
16. ccTLD Managers objectives
(CENTR)
• ccTLD Managers will operate under the
law of the country or territory where they
are located
A ccTLD Manager is entrusted with the
management of the ccTLD, but has no
interest in intellectual property rights in
the 2 letter code
A ccTLD Manager should be equitable and
fair to all eligible registrants and operate
the database with accuracy, robustness,
and resilience
“Manager” = Lembaga / Badan
16
17. The Local Internet Community
(CENTR)
• Public and private sector (commercial, non
commercial, users, government)
• Authority of the ccTLD manager comes from
serving the LIC
• The LIC has the overall responsibility for local
policies and will coordinate these policies with
respect to the technical operability of the
Registry
• The role of the IANA as a DNS support
service is accepted and supported by ccTLD
community
17 ”Local” = negara y.b.s.
18. Why is Public / Private sector
partnership important?
Internet technology is changing too fast for many
international organisations/forums
The Internet is a “self organizing”network (not
following set paths) shows that traditional
“regulations”will not work. The system will
automatically find a path around any
“restriction”.
Consensus based Policy at National and
International level should result in light weight
market driven improvements to services to the
Internet users.
• Improvements in services is good for
development of society and economic growth.
18
19. Top Level Domain Manager /
Administrator
Kembangkan Best Practice for ccTLD
Manager
(Lihat halaman berikut)
Kembangkan ‘Guidelines on the operation
of ccTLD registry‘
Partisipasi dalam menyusun ‘Policies for
registry’, berdasarkan “azas-azas”:
self-organised regulation
bottom-up authority
consensus
transparency
19
cooperation based on trust and fairness
20. Best Practices -Scope
Duties of the ccTLD Manager
Process to Define the Local Internet
Community
Process to Register Domain Names
Registrant Policies
Technical Requirements
Relationship with IANA
Financial Basis of Operation
Subcontracting
Data Security
Domain Name Dispute Resolution
20
21. Kerjasama Internasional
antar Pengelola Nama Domain
(contoh) Council of European National Top
Level Domain Registries (CENTR). Not-for-
profit organisation, based in Oxford,
Salzburg and Brussels.
Established March 1998. 45 anggota
(contoh) APTLD (Asia Pacific Top Level
Domain Association) is an organisation
for ccTLD (country-code Top Level
Domain) registries in Asia Pacific region.
Established in 1998, and in 2003 legally
established in Malaysia. 18 anggota
21
22. au Domain Administration Ltd. (auDA)
About auDA
.au Domain Administration Ltd (auDA) is the
policy authority and industry self-regulatory
body for the .au domain space.
Role of auDA
auDA carries out the following functions:
develop and implement domain name policy
license 2LD registry operators
accredit and license registrars
implement consumer safeguards
facilitate .au Dispute Resolution Policy
represent .au at ICANN and other international
fora.
22
23. Tentang auDA
Delegate for .au and all .au 2LDs (dapat
dilimpahkan)
Industry self-regulatory body
Non-profit organisation
Membership-based
supply, demand, representative assoc
13 directors
11 elected by members, 2 appointed
3 fulltime staff
23
24. Tentang auDA
Implement consumer safeguards
Facilitate .au Dispute Resolution Policy
Represent .au internationally
ICANN, ccTLD, APTLD, dll.
Policy:
Manage .au in the public interest
Preserve security and integrity of the DNS
Promote development of competitive industry
Protect interests of Registrants
24
26. Registry (Australia)
[AusRegistry Pty Ltd]
Licensed by auDA
appointed by competitive tender
Operate registry for one or more 2LDs
Technical functions
run nameservers
maintain database of domain names
receive approved registrations from Registrars
operate WHOIS service
Appointed by auDA in December 2001
4 year licence to operate registry for 5
2LDs
asn.au, com.au, id.au, net.au, org.au
26
Must meet auDA technical specifications
27. Canada (CIRA)
Canadian Internet Registration Authority
(CIRA); Not-for-profit corporation for
managing the .ca domain space in the
public interest. (1998)
1999. Canadian government recognized
CIRA as the new administrator of the .ca.
Government set the general principles
and structure of CIRA to administer
the .ca domain space.
2000. Agreement between Gov and CIRA
27
28. Tentang CIRA
The general principles are:
Open and transparent, that ensures wide
public access to all relevant information;
following fair and sound business
practices;
Appropriate balance of representation,
accountability and diversity on the Board
of Directors for all categories of
stakeholders;
Service quick and easy, priced
competitively;
28
29. Tentang CIRA
The general principles are:
Reducing conflicts between persons granted
domain names and other rights holders,
including trade-marks or business names;
and
Administering a system that facilitates and
encourages entry for new players including
registrars.
Volunteer Board of Directors (14 members) –
policy setting
3 Directors (representing User Community,
Industry, Registrars)
9 Directors elected by mCIRA members
2 Ex-officio members non voting (Gov + CEO)
29
30. Struktur Organisasi LII
LII 29 President
BOARD and CEO
Badan
Penyelesaian
Sengketa
Sekretariat
2 2 3
3 GAC NGAC 2 2
ASO DNSO ACCS2 CERT Etc 3
Memberships
-Postel -Mastel
POLICY
Terdiri dari: -gTLD Akreditasi ID-First Lain-2
-Kominfo -ISOC-ID
At Large
-APJII -ccTLD & ID-Cert
-Indag -FTII
-Napsindo -Registrars Sertifikasi
-POLRI -ATSI
-TLKM,
-TNI -Portal
-Indosat, dll
-Webhost
-IndoWLI
-Awari
-Etc…
OPR’NT
Keterangan: IP Domain
GAC: Government Advisory Committee Registrars Registrars
NGAC: Non Government Advisory Committee
ASO: Address Supporting Organization
DNSO: Domain Name Supporting Organization
ACCS: Accreditation and Sertification Organization
CERT: Computer Emergency Response Team
Badan Penyelesaian sengketa
Etc: Lain2, disiapkan untuk perangkat lembaga lainnya
30 Kajian Lembaga Internet Indonesia, hal 48
31. Kesimpulan & Saran
tentang
Bentuk Model Lembaga
Pengelola Nama Domain Indonesia
1. Lembaga menyandang tugas sebagai
Manager / Administrator Top Level Domain,
dengan Dewan Pimpinan (Board) yang
integritasnya tinggi, peduli akan kemajuan
Internet di Indonesia. Organisasi adalah
“Not for Profit”.
2. Pada dasarnya Lembaga adalah juga
Registry, tetapi tugas itu dapat juga
didelegasikan ke badan lain, komersial,
yang berkualifikasi teknis (dasar kontrak) –
pola Australia
31
32. Kesimpulan & Saran
3. Lembaga merupakan Public-Private
Partnership, dengan pendekatan “industry
selfregulation”, dimana intervensi Pemerintah
dibuat minimal / sekecil mungkin,
4. Lembaga memiliki tugas mewakili “komunitas
Internet Indonesia” di berbagai forum
Internasional, sejauh mengenai masalah
(sistem) nama domain – ICANN, IANA,
APTLD, ITU (?)
5. Azas-azas harus ditetapkan dan pegang
teguh, a.l. transparansi, pendekatan
konsensus, fairness.
32
33. Kesimpulan & Saran
6.Perangkat-perangkat dikembangkan
dan dipraktekkan dengan patuh-azas,
sehingga terbentuk Best Practices yang
dapat dipertanggung jawabkan.
7.Lembaga berpartisipasi dalam
Penyelesaian Sengketa (perlu didalami,
dan dilaksanakan sesuai arahan/
guidelines ICANN, dls)
8.Bila mungkin, adakan benchmarking ke
2-3 negara.
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