1. Technique for Tilapia Culture Trịnh Quốc Trọng [email_address] National Breeding Centre for Southern Freshwater Aquaculture http://www.ridzalmersing.com
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4. Nile Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) Red Tilapia ( Oreochromis spp.) http://www.ridzalmersing.com
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6. The players (2007) http://www.ridzalmersing.com Top 10 Countries Production (tons) 10 Colombia 27960 9 Honduras 28,356 8 Malaysia 32258 7 Taiwan Province of China 76,087 6 Brazil 95,091 5 Thailand 190258 4 Philippines 241183 3 Indonesia 248305 2 Egypt 265,862 1 China, Hong Kong SAR ( S pecial A administrative R egion) 1134080
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8. Tilapia culture in Southeast Asia Countries Culture system Culture model Indonesia Integrated – freshwater Extensive Malaysia Tanks, cages Intensive Myanmar Mono – ponds, tanks Extensive Singapore Mono – cages (brackish) Intensive Taiwan Mono – tanks Intensive Thailand Mono – integrated, freshwater Intensive Vietnam Integrated – VAC Mono – cages, net pens, ponds Semi- to intensive
40. MSc. Vo Minh Son Email: [email_address] Division of Experimental Biology, Research Institute for Aquaculture No.2 3 - 2010 http://www.ridzalmersing.com TECHNIQUES ON COBIA CULTURE
44. Fig. 1. Global cobia aquaculture production and value (1995-2007) (FAO, 2007)
45. Fig. 2. Cobia aquaculture compared to another marine fish in 2007 31,359 tons 75,406 tons 1,744,700 tons (FAO, 2007)
46. Table 1. Cobia aquaculture production of some countries in 2007 Countries Cobia production (tons) China 25,855 Taiwan 3,998 Vietnam 1,500
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52. Fig. 3. Gain weight of cobia cage culture in Vietnam Initial weight: 10-15g/fish Harvest size: 6-6,5kg Culture period: 18 months Feed: trashfish FCR: 7-8
53. Concrete pond or Bricky pond (hard sides, soft bottoms with mud, sands, or mixed matters; 1,5-3 m depth) Earthen pond with aeration system 3. FARMING SYSTEM http://www.ridzalmersing.com
54. Tank culture for cobia Floating net cage culture http://www.ridzalmersing.com
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56. 4. TECHNIQUES FOR COBIA NET CAGE CULTURE http://www.ridzalmersing.com
57. Fig. 4. Family-owned cobia cage farm in Taiwan. Fig. 5. Commercial cobia cage farm in Taiwan.
58. Rearing tank (10m 3 ) (5g/fish) Nursery in cage or ponds (2000m 2 ) (30-50g/fish) Cage culture (6x6x3m) (100-500g/fish) Polyethylene circular floating net cages (12x4m) (>6kg/fish) 15-18 months Fig. 6. Cobia culture operation in floating cage in Vietnam Wood cage culture (6x6x3m) (> 6000g/fish) 15-18 months
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63. Cage culture in Vung Tau province, Vietnam Too crowded Inhabitant zone Pond shrimp culture Estuary zone
68. Buoy (200L) Two bar of wood (0,3m) 6m 6m b. Design of draft of floating net cage 0.5-1m Storehouse Lab Accomod-ation Living room Cleaning area
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70. Anchor Fig. 7. Cage design for marine fish rearing and growout
71. Equipment for commercial cage culture Boat using for transportation of feed, trash fish, freshwater, visitors, etc. Electric generator: 10Kwh Water compressor machine (15HP): for spraying and washing nets Air pump: 500W Scale: 1kg, 5kg, 60kg
72. Net cleaning area Storehouse House for workers Boat Fig. 8. System design for cobia culture in Vung Tau, Vietnam
73. Fig. 9. Floating net cage for Cobia culture in Vietnam http://www.ridzalmersing.com
76. c. Cage preparation Cage size: 3x3x3m, 4,5x4,5x4,5, 6x3x3m, 6x6x3m, 12x6x4m depending fish size Net size: PE 380D/15, 380D/18, 380D/21, mesh size (2a = 0,5-10cm), net weight (15-23kg) http://www.ridzalmersing.com
77. Table 2. Mesh size of nets according to fish size (In Vietnam) Fish weight (g) Cage size (m) Mesh size (cm) < 50 2 x 2 x 2 0.5 50-500 3 x 3 x 3 1-2 500-2000 4 x 4 x 3 2-3 2000-4000 6x6x3 4-5 4000-6000 12x6x4 5-7 > 6000 12x6x4 7-10
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79. Key seed transportation to success 1. Size of Seed 9-12 cm TL 2. To enrich feed with Vit-C, before transportation 3. Stop feeding 1-2 day before transported 4. Estimation of stocking density 5. Temperature 22-25 ºC http://www.ridzalmersing.com
80. Table 3. Size and density of fish for transportation http://www.ridzalmersing.com Fish size (cm) Density (fish/L) Groupers Cobia 4-6 7-8 9-12 12-15 20-30 10-15 - - - - 10-15 7-10
81. + Transportation with plastic bag (close system) - Water :Oxygen 1:2 or 1:3 - By plane or car 6-24 hour, survival rate: 95-98% Seed transportation
82. + Seed Transportation with Tank or boat and Aeration (open system) - Temp. : 22-24oC - Transporting by car or boat (<12 hours) - Survival rate: 95-100% http://www.ridzalmersing.com
83. Table 4. Fish size and stock density in FNC Fish size (g/fish) Stock density (fish/m 3 ) < 50 50-500 500-2.000 2.000-4.000 4.000-6.000 > 6.000 30 18 14 8 5 4
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85. Table 5. Body weight and feeding rate of fish fed trash fish and artificial feed Fish size (g/fish) No. of feeding times (time/day) Feeding rate (%) (trash fish) Feeding rate (%) (Pellet feeds) < 50 50-200 300-1.000 1.000-3.000 >3.000 5 4 3 2 1 17 13 9 7 5 5 2-3 0,5-0,7
86. Buying trash fish from fisherman Frozen trashfish Preparation trash fish
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88. New and better practises – use of formulated feed Formulated feeds are of two types: 1. ‘Moist’ feeds, that can be produced on the farm; and 2. Commercially produced pellets that must be purchased from a feed manufacturer http://www.ridzalmersing.com
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90. Protein requirement of groupers and cobia Protein requirement of grouper species (%) Cromileptes altivelis 54.2 Epinephelus akaara 49.5 Epinephelus areolatus 60 Epinephelus malabaricus 50.2 Epinephelus malabaricus 47.8 Epinephelus striatus > 55 Epinephelus coioides 43 Epinephelus salmoides 50 Cobia 42-45
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92. Net maintenance Change of the net Drying Cleaning the net Grading of fish Grading Grading Grading
93. Disease prevention Dipping in fresh water about 5-15 minutes every month for treatment of parasites ( Benedenia sp) Dipping with formalin 30 – 60 ppm about 3-5 ours for treatment protozoa
94. Medical treatment Mixed antibiotic in pellet Mixed vitamin c in dry pellet with sprayer Mixed vit mix in trash fish Mixed antibiotic Mixed in moist pellet Mixed vit c and egg in pellet
103. g. Harvesting and marketing After 15-18 months (10g to 6,500g/fish), fish was harvested for local market or exporting to Japan, China, Taiwan, HongKong. Fish is starved for one day period to harvest Right after harvest, fish was killed , bled and chilled prior to transporting to processing plants. Products: live fish for local market and frozen fillet for exporting Marketing: China, Japan, HongKong http://www.ridzalmersing.com
104. Table 6. Economic analysis for cobia cage culture in Vietnam Order No. Component Parameters Prices (USD) 1usd = 18.000 vnd Total (USD) A Cost 84,366 1 Fingerling size 14-16 cm 2 Culture period 18 months 3 Survival rate 50% 4 No. of fingerling 10,000 fish 0,66 6,600 5 Feed = (50%) x BW (6kg) x FCR = 7 210,000 kg 0.3 63,000 6 Labor cost (15 months) 6 workers 66.6 6,000 7 Equipment maintenance 22 cages 166.6 3,666 8 Freshwater cost, fuel cost 18 months 166.6 3,000 9 Equipment, and disease treatment 18 months 55.5 1,000 10 Other 1,100 B Gross profit 0.3USDx5000fishx6kg/con 105,000 B-A Net profit 20,634
105. References Liao, I.C., T.-S. Huang, W.-S. Tsai, C.-M. Hsueh, S.-L. Change, E.M. Leano. 2004. Cobia culture in Taiwan: current status and problems. Aquaculture 237 (2004) 155–165. Holt, G.J., C.K. Faulk, M.H. Schwarz. 2007. A review of the larviculture of cobia Rachycentron canadum, a warm water marine fish. Aquaculture 268 (2007) 181–187. Cobia ( Rachicentron canadum ) aquaculture in Vietnam. Recent developments and Prospects. Lavi’09 – Fish and Shelfish Laviculture Symposium. Training course. Dissemination of sustainable mariculture technology. 2005. Research Institute Techniques on cobia culture in Vietnam (Vietnamese language). 1007. Science and Technology Information.
106. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION http://www.ridzalmersing.com
107. Full name : VO MINH SON Sex : Male Institution : Research Institute For Aquaculture No.2 Address for Correspondence: 116 Nguyen Dinh Chieu, Dist 1, Ho Chi Minh, City Vietnam Office Phone/Fax. : +84-8- 3 8 229592 ; fax 84-8-8226807 Home Phone/Mobile : +84 982949827 E-mail: vominhson @ yahoo.com Field/ Specialization : Aquaculture Experience s : Livefood (algae, rotifer); seed production of grouper, seabass, clam, probiotics and fish immunity .
Editor's Notes
because formulated feeds provide a nutritionally complete diet.
Changing the net for every 2-3 months, Checking plastic drum, wood frame, anchor , net, etc. Monitoring fish body weight to calculate feeding rate.
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