The document provides an overview of fire marshal training, including legislation, fire chemistry, and fire training. It covers topics such as fire risk assessment, emergency procedures, safety equipment, evacuation plans, fire drills, fire hazards, combustion, extinguishing fires, and fire prevention. The training aims to educate fire marshals on their roles and responsibilities in emergency response, evacuation, and fire safety management.
2. Course Contents
Legislation
Fire Chemistry
Fire Training
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3. Legislation
An Act came into force in 1997
Ministerial Order 21/1997
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4. The aims of the fire risk
assessment
To identify the fire hazards
To reduce the risk of those hazards
causing harm to as low as reasonably
practicable
To decide what fire precautions and
management arrangements are necessary
to ensure the safety of the people within
the building if a fire does start
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5. Tests and Inspections
Fire alarm system, Weekly with a different
call point tested per zone
Emergency lighting; Monthly illumination
test with full annual discharge timed test
Fire Hose Reel; Annual with full testing of
hose and branch operation
Fire Extinguishers; Annual with a full
discharge and recharge every 5 years
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6. Emergency Procedures
Means of warning of a fire must be
established
Written emergency procedures displayed
in a prominent location
Clear access to the site and buildings must
be maintained
Clear signs must be installed
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7. Safety Equipment
All staff should receive training in the use
of all safety equipment
All staff should be provided with
information in relation to all safety
equipment
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8. Fire Evacuation.
Operation of the fire alarm system.
All staff know where the fire call points, Fire
extinguishers and exit doors are
Ensure all visitors to site are aware of
companies fire policies and procedures and
if required sit an induction course prior to
starting work.
Carry out regular fire evacuation drills.
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9. Fire Safety Officer
• Ensure everyone knows the fire evacuation
plans
• Oversees the evacuation.
• Confirm the Civil Defence has been called.
• Take the role call at the assembly points.
• Liaise with Civil Defence
• If safe to do so turn off the gas or electricity
to affected areas.
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10. Fire Marshal.
Assist fire safety officer.
Organise the evacuation of their areas of
responsibilities.
Search all areas to ensure all staff have
departed.
Organise and carry out any fire fighting if
safe to do so.
Re-route staff to alternate escape routes.
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11. Fire Marshal
Assist disabled persons from building.
Close all windows and doors on way out of
buildings.
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12. Fire Marshal qualities
• Communication skills
• Decisive and quick thinking
• Efficient
• Vociferous
• Confident
• Awareness
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13. Fire Drills
‘Togive staff the opportunity to demonstrate that
they are prepared and would be confident in the
event of a real fire…and understand their
workplace evacuation procedure’
At intervals of not more than six months
If possible, block one route
Complete Post Evacuation Report
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14. Fire Evacuation.
Pre Planning is essential.
Know where the final exit doors are and
where they lead to.
Always have a back up plan in mind.
Keep calm as panic spreads.
Ensure all escape routs are clearly
indicated and clear of obstructions (both
inside and outside the buildings)
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15. PEEP - Personal Emergency Evacuation Plan
It is essential that PEEP is fully tested
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17. Human Behaviour in Fires
Only 15% of people will react in the
desired way.
15% will not respond to exit signage and
escape routes.
Most people will try and leave the building
the same way they came in leading to
bottle necks.
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19. Dialling 999
Always give the following information;
Your name, address and phone number
Service required
Type of incident
Any other hazards
If unsure of exact location any landmarks,
Don`t hang up until told to do so
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20. Chemistry of Fire
For a fire to start we need three things;
A source of heat
Combustible material (a fuel)
Oxygen
If all three are present under the correct
conditions then we will have a chemical
reaction and the result will be a fire starting
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21. Chemistry of Fire
Nothing actually burns !
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22. Chemistry of Fire
There are two types of fire a non-
compartment fire and a compartment fire
Non-compartment fires have no physical
restraints (walls etc) and will burn till they
run out of fuel
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23. Chemistry of Fire
Compartment fires have physical restraints
i.e. Walls and ceilings.
The fire can consume the oxygen and
eventually go out, However the opening of
a door or window will further feed the fire
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25. Triangle of Fire
To extinguish the fire you need to:
Remove the fuel and starve the fire.
Remove the oxygen and smother the fire.
Remove the heat and cool the fire.
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26. What fuels do you have in your
workplace?
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28. Sources of Ignition
Chemical- a reaction giving off heat i.e.
hay.
Discarded smoking materials.
Arson.
Electricity.
Mechanical – a drive belt rubbing off a
guard creating friction
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29. Combustion
Fuels involved can be in three states;
Solid
Liquid
Gas
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30. Fire Prevention – Electrical Safety
• Always report defective or
faulty electrical equipment
• Turn off electrical equipment
when not in use
• Ensure that electrical wiring,
plugs and sockets are
sound, correctly fused and
there is no overloading.
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36. Products of Combustion
Heat
Light
Smoke and gases. These include
Hydrogen cyanide, Hydrochloric and
Sulphuric Acid gases, Carbon Monoxide
and Dioxide, Mustard gas.
These gases are commonly known as
smoke inhalation.
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46. What is “good housekeeping”?
Control combustible items
Control ignition sources
Keep means of escape clear
Ensure extinguishers are working and visible
Ensure signage is visible
Ensure external areas are clear
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47. Fire Training
F IRE
I NFORM
R AISE
E VACUATE.
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49. Information on extinguishers
Plastic Seal. (over pin )
Contents Gauge.
Type of Extinguisher.
Method of operation.
Class of Fires
Service
Oct 2004
Service date.
.
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50. Safe use of extinguishers
Do not use unless trained
to do so.
Observe fire class
limitations.
CO2 extinguisher
Service
example – Do not hold
Oct 2004
the horn when using.
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51. Fire Class Symbols
Free burning materials, paper, wood
Flammable liquids, petrol, solvents
Flammable gases, methane, propane
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52. Fire Class Symbols
Cooking fats
Fires involving electricity
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53. Fire Extinguishers
P Pull the pin
A Aim at the base of fire
S Squeeze the handle
S Sweep from side to side
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54. Do not fight a fire if…
It is bigger than a
waste paper bin
One extinguisher is
not enough
Smoke is affecting
your breathing
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55. Fire Blankets
Any colour body or label
but they are usually red
or white.
For use on any type of
fire but best on small
contained class B fires
and people on fire.
Extinguishes by
smothering
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57. Emergency Smoke
lighting detectors/alarms
Escape Escape
route windows
Signage
Final exit Fire Doors
door
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61. Fire Management in Buildings
Written Emergency Procedures.
Regular fire Drills.
Staff Training.
Regular fire safety inspections.
Maintenance of equipment.
Keep records
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62. Staff Do`s
On hearing the alarm staff should;
Leave by the closest safest escape route.
Close all windows and doors.
Escort visitors and disabled people from
the building.
Report immediately to role caller/
assembly point
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63. Staff Don'ts
Attempt to use the lifts unless you have
special dispensation to do so.
Run or lag behind.
Return for personal belongings.
Try to re-enter the building unless told it is
safe to do so.
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64. Office Equipment
Do not overload plugs and sockets.
Avoid overheating.
Do not mis-use equipment.
Always allow adequate ventilation.
Switch off and unplug all appliances when
not in use.
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65. Home Fire Safety
All today's information
can be put to use in
the home
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This is the minimum legal requirement for buildings in the Kingdom
These should be carried out on a regular basis unless there is a change of floor plan which could affect the egress from the building. A major increase of staff levels or new machinery is fitted, all these changes would result in the fire risk assessment being ammended
These test ensure all equipment is tested and maintained so they will function correctly in the event of a fire
The emergency procedures document the persons responsible for fire safety and the actions of staff in the event of a fire starting
All staff who are expected to use safety equipment should be fully trained and have any relevent literature on the equipment
Ensure all staff can operate the fire alarm system. All staff are shown round the building and know where the fire call points, Fire extinguishers and final exit doors are upon induction to company. Ensure all visitors to site are aware of companies fire policies and procedures and if required sit an induction course prior to starting work. Carry out regular fire evacuation drills.
Ensure everyone knows the fire evacuation plans Oversees the evacuation. Confirm the Civil Defence has been called. Take the roll call at the assembly points. Liaise with Civil Defence and assist with entry to any locked buildings or inform of any hazards. If safe to do so turn off the gas or electricity to affected areas.
The duties of the fire marshal are to aide the fire safety officer by undertaking the above actions
Possibly use this as a group exercise
This enables a company to assess the actions of staff and to be able to evaluate the policies and procedures
A peep is required for all persons with a disability even if it is temporary
A fire is a chemical reaction
What happens is when a substance is exposed to heat, as it warms up it starts to produce vapours, as these vapours get hotter they then reach ignition temperature where they will ignite. Once you have flames you have more heat and therefore more vapours, this is how a fire grows and spreads
Non compartmented fires such as wild fires burn till the fuel runs out, if all the world was a forest the fire would burn forever as there is plenty of fuel and oxygen to sustain the fire
If the walls and ceiling are not breached the fire can consume the oxygen and you are faced with the danger of a backdraught. This is why it is dangerous to open fire doors as you could feed oxygen to the fire causing it to explode. However if the doors or windows are breached you will have a ventilated compartment fire, this fire will entrain the oxygen into the flame plume
Wood Paper & cardboard etc. Plastics, foam Expanded polystyrene Solvents, paint, adhesives Carpets, furnishings Furniture Textiles Gas / Vapours Waste materials
Do group exercise using flipchart before revealing list. Be careful not to overrun on this section Electricity Naked Flames Heaters Lights Smokers ’ materials Cookers Machinery Arson Sparks (external) Sunlight
As hay dries out it oxidises this is a chemical reaction which gives off heat
However to combust the fuels must be in the form of either gas or a vapour so therefore sufficient energy (heat) must be supplied to convert the fuels to a gaseous state.
A substantial number of large fires are caused by electrical faults PAT (Portable Appliance Testing) Don ’t run cables under carpets or where they can be trapped by furniture
Aim to show examples of damaged electrical items
Be conscious of fire safety Observe good security (Risk of Arson) Don ’t obstruct fire exits, call points or extinguishers Don ’t wedge fire doors open Don ’t allow rubbish to accumulate, especially in “hidden areas” Smoking policy Hot Works permit – for contractors carrying out work with blow-torches etc.
Look how close to the building all combustibles and what is in the white container?
Smoke is the biggest killer in a fire situation If you are trapped in a smoke filled room try to keep as low as possible and crawl out Only climb out of an upstairs window as a last resort
Restricts fire and smoke spread Fire resistant elements Escape times Maintain – avoid breaches
Fire resisting walls Fire resisting floors & ceilings Fire resisting structure Fire stopping within concealed spaces Fire resisting doors Fire resisting glazing Fire Warden role?
All fire doors are to be fitted with self closers and smoke seals and strips No gaps larger than 3 mm around the door All doors to fully self close within 7 seconds All doors leading onto a designated escape route to be rated fire doors All glass viewing panels to be rated fire glass
Extinguishers have safe use instructions on the side.
You cannot see the way out Gas cylinders or chemicals are involved Your efforts are not reducing the size of the fire You are not trained in Fire Extinguisher use
In larger, complex premises emergency lighting lights the escape if mains power fails The escape route is kept free of obstructions and flammable items Where the escape route is long or complex, exit signs show the way out The final exit door leads to a place of safety and is openable from inside without the use of a key Fire doors and fire resisting construction keep smoke & fire out of the escape route Escape windows provide a second, emergency escape route from the first floor Smoke detectors/alarms are interlinked and give early warning of a fire before it becomes a danger
People
The biggest fire risk is humans and the strange things they do
Should be stored correctly and if required in flammable lockers or storage units
Regular practice is the key
Fit and maintain a smoke detector Bin the chip pan Fit RCD ’s in fuse box Check round at night Close doors at night Take care with candles. Prepare an escape plan