The document summarizes the major civilizations of Mesopotamia including the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, Assyrians, Chaldeans, and Persians. It describes their origins, leaders, social structures, religions, and legacies. Key contributions included the development of cuneiform writing by the Sumerians, Hammurabi's Code of Laws from the Babylonians, and the establishment of the world's first empires by the Akkadians and Assyrians.

1. MESOPOTAMIAN
CIVILIZATION IN
ASIA

2. MESOPOTAMIA
 Derived from the Greek words
“meso” which means “between”
and “potamos” or “river”.
 “Land between two rivers”
 “The Fertile Crescent”
 “The Cradle of History”

3. SUMERIANS (3000-2340 B.C.E)
 “The first builders of civilization”
ACTIVITIES OF THE SUMERIANS;
 Hunting
 Planting
 Making dams, dikes, and canals
 Domistication of animals
CUNEIFORM
 System of writing
 Came from the Latin words “cuneus” meaning
“wedge-shaped” and “forma”, “form”

4. SUMER
 “The southern part of Mesopotamia”
 Composed of 12 city-states and headed by
“Lugal” or “priest-king”
Some well-known city-states in sumer;
- Eridu
- Kish
- Lagash
- Uruk
- Ur
- Nippur.

5. ZIGGURATS
 Temple-like structures;home and temple of the
Gods

6. LEGACY OF SUMERIANS
 Cuneiform
 Plow and wheel
 Built first cities, school, and temples (Ziggurats)
 Cartography, astronomy, and mathematics
 Nippur (the oldest map in the world, the map of
Nippur)
 Mixed copper and tin and made bronze
 Different weapons in war made from bronze
 Water Clock

7. AKKADIAN EMPIRE (2340-2100 B.C.E)
 “World’s first empire”
AKKAD
- city-state in a region north of Sumer
- Founded by Sargon I
Next rulers of Akkadian Empire;
- Naram-Sin
- Ur-Nammu
- Ibbi-Su

8. BABYLONIANS (1792-1595 B.C.E)
 SUMUABUM- invaded mesopotamia and
established the kingdom of Babylonia
 BABYLON- capital of Babylonian Empire
 HAMMURABI
- descendant of Sumuabum,and great
leader of Babylon
- “Lawgiver of Babylonia”

9. SOCIAL CLASSES;
 The Nobles (king, aristocrat, priest and rich
landlords)
 The Freemen (farmers, merchants, soldiers,
and artisans)
 The Slaves
 FARMING- chief industry of ancient Babylonians
 Has 65,000 Gods and did not believe in
heaven,hell and purgatory

10. LEGACY OF BABYLONIANS
 Hammurabi Code (285 laws)
 Ziggurat
 Epic of Gilgamesh
 Sexagesimal system of calculation by
sixties
 Divided the circle into 360 degrees or 60s
 Divided the hour into 60 minutes and
each minutes into 60 seconds
 12 Zodiac signs

11. ASSYRIANS (1813-605 B.C.E)
 ASHUR- capital of Assyria
 Shamshi-Adad I- established the capital
 Tiglath-Pileser I- founder of Assyrian Empire
OTHER GREAT LEADERS;
 Ashurnasirpal II (important leader that time)
 Tiglath-Pileser III (greatest Assyrian emperor)
 Sennacherib
 Esarhaddon
 Ashurbanipal

12. CHALDEANS (612-539 B.C.E)
 “New or second Babylonian Empire”
 Nabopolassar-established the new empire of
Babylon
 Nebuchadnezzar
- son of Nabopolassar
-Great leader of Chaldean Empire
LEGACY;
 Hanging Garden of Babylon ( Seven Wonders of
the Ancient World)
 Tower of Babel

13. PERSIANS (539-330 B.C.E)
 CYRUS THE GREAT AND DARIUS THE GREAT
- Great leaders of Persia
SATRAPIES- division of provinces in the Persian
Empire and headed by a governor (satrap)
ZOROASTRIANISM
- Religion of perians
- Founded by Zoroaster or Zarathushtra
- “Believe that life is a constant struggle between
good and evil.
AHURA MAZDA- God representing good side
AHRIMAN- the evil one

14. MEDITERRANEANS LEGACY;
 Hittites-
used iron in making weapons
 Lydians- used coin in trading
 Phoenicians- developed a modern
system of writing “phoenetic
alphabet”
 Hebrew- embraced Judaism and
began to practice “monotheism”