SlideShare ist ein Scribd-Unternehmen logo
1 von 20
Getting Paid Online in Africa
June 2013
Africa: the retail growth story of the next
decade
Africa: the retail growth story of the next
decade
Barclays Retailer Survey . .
• See Africa as the retail growth story of the next decade
• Rapidly expanding middle class, mobile connected consumers
• First mover advantage the most important consideration
• Online was their preferred route to market for a third
Africa: the retail growth story of the
next decade
Visa Integration Index Research . .
• African economy has just experienced its best growth decade on record
• At 5% growth per annum since 2000 has outpaced global growth
• Six of the world’s ten fastest-growing economies between 2001 and 2010
were African
• Highest rate of return on investment of any region in the world
• Increasingly urbanised population = booming consumer markets
• 900 million mobile phones by 2015 = 85 percent penetration
Africa: the retail growth story of the
next decade
1
PayGate product offering
Mobile Connections Penetration Rate
http://www.roycefunds.com/insights/
1
PayGate product offering
Smartphone penetration
www.elearning-africa.com
2012 African country % Smartphone Penetration
1. Egypt 37%
2. South Africa 19%
3. Tanzania 13%
4. Kenya 12%
5. Nigeria 12%
6. Ghana 10%
Smartphone penetration is currently low, but it is growing
rapidly – reports are that it is growing at over 40% per
annum
Growth of digital driving behavior
Growth of digital driving behavior
In some countries in Africa
there are more people with
mobile phones than there
are with electricity
Growth of digital driving behavior
2011 2012
400%
growth in
mobile internet
usage
Growth of digital driving behavior
81%
Browse the internet
77%
Used a search engine
48%
Watched a video63%
Connected to social networks
IN 1 WEEK
Challenges . .
• For online retail performance there is a lot to consider . .
• Nature of product or service which will affect . .
• Delivery and logistics . . .
• Whilst leapfrogging in mobile and innovative technology . .
• Infrastructure is lagging.
• Getting paid is not always that easy either . . for eg Congo is cash only
• Got to carefully manage your risk and return . .
Internet as a channel to wake up
retail revenues and profitability
Opportunities . .
• Growth in connectivity and increasing ability to get paid . .
• Airlines opening up ways to get paid by locals online . .
• eGovernment drive opening up ecommerce and payment . .
• Lotto and online gambling opening up mCommerce . .
• Trading and bill presentation is currently mainly internet . .
• Payment is a combination of mobile and internet . .
• Great examples of mobile bill payment like M-Pesa in Kenya . .
• Consumers often more payment ready than the businesses . .
Internet as a channel to wake up
retail revenues and profitability
1
PayGate product offering
Internet Users
http://www.roycefunds.com/insights/
It’s horses for courses . .
• We need to stop thinking “Africa” and start talking individual countries . .
• Each country has a unique payment dynamic . .
• Each one needs its own online payment strategy . .
• For example
• Congo is about cash . .
• Nigeria is about Verve debit cards . .
• Kenya is about M-Pesa . .
• Tanzania is about private label and their M-Pesa off a low base . .
• Logistics are different in each . . ability to get a product delivered . .
• Delivery is not easy in Kenya . .
• Yet Nigeria it’s happening and the courier will collect cash for you . .
Physical products are still a hard starter in many countries . . digital
downloads and software is where its at right now
Online payment options
Traditional entry point for a soft landing . .
• Traditional acquiring ie MasterCard and Visa is nice and easy . .
• But not that big . .
• Visa & MasterCard fast-tracking private label cards onto their networks . .
• MasterCard converted 5m private label cards in one country . .
• That’s 5m more locals who can soon buy online . .
• Alternative is bigger than traditional . .
• But not the same in each country . . and not as easy to bring online
Online payment options
Your merchant account(s) . .
• Do you have a legal entity needed for a merchant account etc . .
• Own merchant account or use an aggregator . .
• Banks prefer aggregator in many countries . .
• Banks very risk averse . . paranoid about chargebacks
• Make sure there is safe storage of cards . . PCI compliance
• Currencies . . .
• USD is accepted in most countries . .
• Local currency also available . .
• Banks not that fussy around cross border acquiring . .
• Banks are represented in a number of countries,
• BUT not always ecommerce licenced or can trade in the currency . .
Online payment options
Countries and payment methods . .
• SA . . PayD, Ukash, FNB Cell PayPoint, SID
• Easy countries from a MasterCard and Visa acquiring perspective . .
Kenya, Nigeria, Mozambique, Botswana, Uganda, Namibia . .
• Nigeria . . Verve debit cards are a must . . Can be confusing for merchants
• Kenya . . . M-Pesa has 16m users and is the most popular method. .
• 3D secure is popular . . risk averse
• In some countries cards blocked for online . .
• President or leaders are involved and driving it . . Rwanda, Kenya, Ghana
• Countries like Congo and Togo its cash only . . nothing is happening
• Big mobile payment methods like M-Pesa and Orange
• Barclays, Stanbic . . establishing a good footprint . . easier to work with
• Cost of processing is generally higher than SA . .
• Sometimes they will retain funds for an extraordinary time
• Becoming a more rational market with understanding and competition . .
Online payment options
Make it easy for your customer . .
• Use Ajax . . keep them on the same page . .
• PayWeb (stackable payment options) vs PayXML (upgrade) . .
• Go for one integration, many payment methods . .
• PCI is not negotiable . .
• Choose the payment solutions to suit you product and business . .
• Offer the appropriate ways to pay . .
• Mobile options . .
• More tips from IT . .
A smooth and secure checkout
Successes and failures . .
• Poor fraud management . .
• Not providing the appropriate payment methods . .
• Choosing unsuitable alternative payment methods . .
• Language problems . .
• Misled by wannabe gateways . .
• Loss of trust and confidence at the checkout . .
• Handing over too much responsibility for managing merchant account . .
• Timing . . doing business in these countries takes time . .
• Use tried and tested solutions that you are familiar with . .
• With people you know and trust to get you sorted . .
• New product, new market is risky . . so go with what and who you know . .
Successes and failures . .
Thank you
Robin Philip
www.paygate.co.za

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Mehr von retailindaba

Retail indaba aug13
Retail indaba aug13Retail indaba aug13
Retail indaba aug13retailindaba
 
Retail indaba y&r shopper marketing presentation aug 2013
Retail indaba y&r shopper marketing presentation aug 2013Retail indaba y&r shopper marketing presentation aug 2013
Retail indaba y&r shopper marketing presentation aug 2013retailindaba
 
Retail indaba august 2013
Retail indaba august 2013Retail indaba august 2013
Retail indaba august 2013retailindaba
 
Innervation retail indaba
Innervation retail indabaInnervation retail indaba
Innervation retail indabaretailindaba
 
Bmi retail indaba delegates
Bmi retail indaba delegatesBmi retail indaba delegates
Bmi retail indaba delegatesretailindaba
 

Mehr von retailindaba (6)

Retail indaba
Retail indabaRetail indaba
Retail indaba
 
Retail indaba aug13
Retail indaba aug13Retail indaba aug13
Retail indaba aug13
 
Retail indaba y&r shopper marketing presentation aug 2013
Retail indaba y&r shopper marketing presentation aug 2013Retail indaba y&r shopper marketing presentation aug 2013
Retail indaba y&r shopper marketing presentation aug 2013
 
Retail indaba august 2013
Retail indaba august 2013Retail indaba august 2013
Retail indaba august 2013
 
Innervation retail indaba
Innervation retail indabaInnervation retail indaba
Innervation retail indaba
 
Bmi retail indaba delegates
Bmi retail indaba delegatesBmi retail indaba delegates
Bmi retail indaba delegates
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen

Financial analysis on Risk and Return.ppt
Financial analysis on Risk and Return.pptFinancial analysis on Risk and Return.ppt
Financial analysis on Risk and Return.ppttadegebreyesus
 
NO1 WorldWide Love marriage specialist baba ji Amil Baba Kala ilam powerful v...
NO1 WorldWide Love marriage specialist baba ji Amil Baba Kala ilam powerful v...NO1 WorldWide Love marriage specialist baba ji Amil Baba Kala ilam powerful v...
NO1 WorldWide Love marriage specialist baba ji Amil Baba Kala ilam powerful v...Amil baba
 
The Inspirational Story of Julio Herrera Velutini - Global Finance Leader
The Inspirational Story of Julio Herrera Velutini - Global Finance LeaderThe Inspirational Story of Julio Herrera Velutini - Global Finance Leader
The Inspirational Story of Julio Herrera Velutini - Global Finance LeaderArianna Varetto
 
Call Girls Near Golden Tulip Essential Hotel, New Delhi 9873777170
Call Girls Near Golden Tulip Essential Hotel, New Delhi 9873777170Call Girls Near Golden Tulip Essential Hotel, New Delhi 9873777170
Call Girls Near Golden Tulip Essential Hotel, New Delhi 9873777170Sonam Pathan
 
The AES Investment Code - the go-to counsel for the most well-informed, wise...
The AES Investment Code -  the go-to counsel for the most well-informed, wise...The AES Investment Code -  the go-to counsel for the most well-informed, wise...
The AES Investment Code - the go-to counsel for the most well-informed, wise...AES International
 
Market Morning Updates for 16th April 2024
Market Morning Updates for 16th April 2024Market Morning Updates for 16th April 2024
Market Morning Updates for 16th April 2024Devarsh Vakil
 
Overview of Inkel Unlisted Shares Price.
Overview of Inkel Unlisted Shares Price.Overview of Inkel Unlisted Shares Price.
Overview of Inkel Unlisted Shares Price.Precize Formely Leadoff
 
(中央兰开夏大学毕业证学位证成绩单-案例)
(中央兰开夏大学毕业证学位证成绩单-案例)(中央兰开夏大学毕业证学位证成绩单-案例)
(中央兰开夏大学毕业证学位证成绩单-案例)twfkn8xj
 
Stock Market Brief Deck FOR 4/17 video.pdf
Stock Market Brief Deck FOR 4/17 video.pdfStock Market Brief Deck FOR 4/17 video.pdf
Stock Market Brief Deck FOR 4/17 video.pdfMichael Silva
 
2024 Q1 Crypto Industry Report | CoinGecko
2024 Q1 Crypto Industry Report | CoinGecko2024 Q1 Crypto Industry Report | CoinGecko
2024 Q1 Crypto Industry Report | CoinGeckoCoinGecko
 
原版1:1复刻堪萨斯大学毕业证KU毕业证留信学历认证
原版1:1复刻堪萨斯大学毕业证KU毕业证留信学历认证原版1:1复刻堪萨斯大学毕业证KU毕业证留信学历认证
原版1:1复刻堪萨斯大学毕业证KU毕业证留信学历认证jdkhjh
 
NO1 Certified Amil Baba In Lahore Kala Jadu In Lahore Best Amil In Lahore Ami...
NO1 Certified Amil Baba In Lahore Kala Jadu In Lahore Best Amil In Lahore Ami...NO1 Certified Amil Baba In Lahore Kala Jadu In Lahore Best Amil In Lahore Ami...
NO1 Certified Amil Baba In Lahore Kala Jadu In Lahore Best Amil In Lahore Ami...Amil baba
 
NO1 Certified kala jadu karne wale ka contact number kala jadu karne wale bab...
NO1 Certified kala jadu karne wale ka contact number kala jadu karne wale bab...NO1 Certified kala jadu karne wale ka contact number kala jadu karne wale bab...
NO1 Certified kala jadu karne wale ka contact number kala jadu karne wale bab...Amil baba
 
Amil Baba In Pakistan amil baba in Lahore amil baba in Islamabad amil baba in...
Amil Baba In Pakistan amil baba in Lahore amil baba in Islamabad amil baba in...Amil Baba In Pakistan amil baba in Lahore amil baba in Islamabad amil baba in...
Amil Baba In Pakistan amil baba in Lahore amil baba in Islamabad amil baba in...amilabibi1
 
letter-from-the-chair-to-the-fca-relating-to-british-steel-pensions-scheme-15...
letter-from-the-chair-to-the-fca-relating-to-british-steel-pensions-scheme-15...letter-from-the-chair-to-the-fca-relating-to-british-steel-pensions-scheme-15...
letter-from-the-chair-to-the-fca-relating-to-british-steel-pensions-scheme-15...Henry Tapper
 
Managing Finances in a Small Business (yes).pdf
Managing Finances  in a Small Business (yes).pdfManaging Finances  in a Small Business (yes).pdf
Managing Finances in a Small Business (yes).pdfmar yame
 
Kempen ' UK DB Endgame Paper Apr 24 final3.pdf
Kempen ' UK DB Endgame Paper Apr 24 final3.pdfKempen ' UK DB Endgame Paper Apr 24 final3.pdf
Kempen ' UK DB Endgame Paper Apr 24 final3.pdfHenry Tapper
 
NO1 Certified Black Magic Specialist Expert In Bahawalpur, Sargodha, Sialkot,...
NO1 Certified Black Magic Specialist Expert In Bahawalpur, Sargodha, Sialkot,...NO1 Certified Black Magic Specialist Expert In Bahawalpur, Sargodha, Sialkot,...
NO1 Certified Black Magic Specialist Expert In Bahawalpur, Sargodha, Sialkot,...Amil baba
 
Role of Information and technology in banking and finance .pptx
Role of Information and technology in banking and finance .pptxRole of Information and technology in banking and finance .pptx
Role of Information and technology in banking and finance .pptxNarayaniTripathi2
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)

Monthly Economic Monitoring of Ukraine No 231, April 2024
Monthly Economic Monitoring of Ukraine No 231, April 2024Monthly Economic Monitoring of Ukraine No 231, April 2024
Monthly Economic Monitoring of Ukraine No 231, April 2024
 
Financial analysis on Risk and Return.ppt
Financial analysis on Risk and Return.pptFinancial analysis on Risk and Return.ppt
Financial analysis on Risk and Return.ppt
 
NO1 WorldWide Love marriage specialist baba ji Amil Baba Kala ilam powerful v...
NO1 WorldWide Love marriage specialist baba ji Amil Baba Kala ilam powerful v...NO1 WorldWide Love marriage specialist baba ji Amil Baba Kala ilam powerful v...
NO1 WorldWide Love marriage specialist baba ji Amil Baba Kala ilam powerful v...
 
The Inspirational Story of Julio Herrera Velutini - Global Finance Leader
The Inspirational Story of Julio Herrera Velutini - Global Finance LeaderThe Inspirational Story of Julio Herrera Velutini - Global Finance Leader
The Inspirational Story of Julio Herrera Velutini - Global Finance Leader
 
Call Girls Near Golden Tulip Essential Hotel, New Delhi 9873777170
Call Girls Near Golden Tulip Essential Hotel, New Delhi 9873777170Call Girls Near Golden Tulip Essential Hotel, New Delhi 9873777170
Call Girls Near Golden Tulip Essential Hotel, New Delhi 9873777170
 
The AES Investment Code - the go-to counsel for the most well-informed, wise...
The AES Investment Code -  the go-to counsel for the most well-informed, wise...The AES Investment Code -  the go-to counsel for the most well-informed, wise...
The AES Investment Code - the go-to counsel for the most well-informed, wise...
 
Market Morning Updates for 16th April 2024
Market Morning Updates for 16th April 2024Market Morning Updates for 16th April 2024
Market Morning Updates for 16th April 2024
 
Overview of Inkel Unlisted Shares Price.
Overview of Inkel Unlisted Shares Price.Overview of Inkel Unlisted Shares Price.
Overview of Inkel Unlisted Shares Price.
 
(中央兰开夏大学毕业证学位证成绩单-案例)
(中央兰开夏大学毕业证学位证成绩单-案例)(中央兰开夏大学毕业证学位证成绩单-案例)
(中央兰开夏大学毕业证学位证成绩单-案例)
 
Stock Market Brief Deck FOR 4/17 video.pdf
Stock Market Brief Deck FOR 4/17 video.pdfStock Market Brief Deck FOR 4/17 video.pdf
Stock Market Brief Deck FOR 4/17 video.pdf
 
2024 Q1 Crypto Industry Report | CoinGecko
2024 Q1 Crypto Industry Report | CoinGecko2024 Q1 Crypto Industry Report | CoinGecko
2024 Q1 Crypto Industry Report | CoinGecko
 
原版1:1复刻堪萨斯大学毕业证KU毕业证留信学历认证
原版1:1复刻堪萨斯大学毕业证KU毕业证留信学历认证原版1:1复刻堪萨斯大学毕业证KU毕业证留信学历认证
原版1:1复刻堪萨斯大学毕业证KU毕业证留信学历认证
 
NO1 Certified Amil Baba In Lahore Kala Jadu In Lahore Best Amil In Lahore Ami...
NO1 Certified Amil Baba In Lahore Kala Jadu In Lahore Best Amil In Lahore Ami...NO1 Certified Amil Baba In Lahore Kala Jadu In Lahore Best Amil In Lahore Ami...
NO1 Certified Amil Baba In Lahore Kala Jadu In Lahore Best Amil In Lahore Ami...
 
NO1 Certified kala jadu karne wale ka contact number kala jadu karne wale bab...
NO1 Certified kala jadu karne wale ka contact number kala jadu karne wale bab...NO1 Certified kala jadu karne wale ka contact number kala jadu karne wale bab...
NO1 Certified kala jadu karne wale ka contact number kala jadu karne wale bab...
 
Amil Baba In Pakistan amil baba in Lahore amil baba in Islamabad amil baba in...
Amil Baba In Pakistan amil baba in Lahore amil baba in Islamabad amil baba in...Amil Baba In Pakistan amil baba in Lahore amil baba in Islamabad amil baba in...
Amil Baba In Pakistan amil baba in Lahore amil baba in Islamabad amil baba in...
 
letter-from-the-chair-to-the-fca-relating-to-british-steel-pensions-scheme-15...
letter-from-the-chair-to-the-fca-relating-to-british-steel-pensions-scheme-15...letter-from-the-chair-to-the-fca-relating-to-british-steel-pensions-scheme-15...
letter-from-the-chair-to-the-fca-relating-to-british-steel-pensions-scheme-15...
 
Managing Finances in a Small Business (yes).pdf
Managing Finances  in a Small Business (yes).pdfManaging Finances  in a Small Business (yes).pdf
Managing Finances in a Small Business (yes).pdf
 
Kempen ' UK DB Endgame Paper Apr 24 final3.pdf
Kempen ' UK DB Endgame Paper Apr 24 final3.pdfKempen ' UK DB Endgame Paper Apr 24 final3.pdf
Kempen ' UK DB Endgame Paper Apr 24 final3.pdf
 
NO1 Certified Black Magic Specialist Expert In Bahawalpur, Sargodha, Sialkot,...
NO1 Certified Black Magic Specialist Expert In Bahawalpur, Sargodha, Sialkot,...NO1 Certified Black Magic Specialist Expert In Bahawalpur, Sargodha, Sialkot,...
NO1 Certified Black Magic Specialist Expert In Bahawalpur, Sargodha, Sialkot,...
 
Role of Information and technology in banking and finance .pptx
Role of Information and technology in banking and finance .pptxRole of Information and technology in banking and finance .pptx
Role of Information and technology in banking and finance .pptx
 

Retail indaba getting paid securely online 2013.08

  • 1. Getting Paid Online in Africa June 2013
  • 2. Africa: the retail growth story of the next decade Africa: the retail growth story of the next decade
  • 3. Barclays Retailer Survey . . • See Africa as the retail growth story of the next decade • Rapidly expanding middle class, mobile connected consumers • First mover advantage the most important consideration • Online was their preferred route to market for a third Africa: the retail growth story of the next decade
  • 4. Visa Integration Index Research . . • African economy has just experienced its best growth decade on record • At 5% growth per annum since 2000 has outpaced global growth • Six of the world’s ten fastest-growing economies between 2001 and 2010 were African • Highest rate of return on investment of any region in the world • Increasingly urbanised population = booming consumer markets • 900 million mobile phones by 2015 = 85 percent penetration Africa: the retail growth story of the next decade
  • 5. 1 PayGate product offering Mobile Connections Penetration Rate http://www.roycefunds.com/insights/
  • 6. 1 PayGate product offering Smartphone penetration www.elearning-africa.com 2012 African country % Smartphone Penetration 1. Egypt 37% 2. South Africa 19% 3. Tanzania 13% 4. Kenya 12% 5. Nigeria 12% 6. Ghana 10% Smartphone penetration is currently low, but it is growing rapidly – reports are that it is growing at over 40% per annum
  • 7. Growth of digital driving behavior
  • 8. Growth of digital driving behavior In some countries in Africa there are more people with mobile phones than there are with electricity
  • 9. Growth of digital driving behavior 2011 2012 400% growth in mobile internet usage
  • 10. Growth of digital driving behavior 81% Browse the internet 77% Used a search engine 48% Watched a video63% Connected to social networks IN 1 WEEK
  • 11. Challenges . . • For online retail performance there is a lot to consider . . • Nature of product or service which will affect . . • Delivery and logistics . . . • Whilst leapfrogging in mobile and innovative technology . . • Infrastructure is lagging. • Getting paid is not always that easy either . . for eg Congo is cash only • Got to carefully manage your risk and return . . Internet as a channel to wake up retail revenues and profitability
  • 12. Opportunities . . • Growth in connectivity and increasing ability to get paid . . • Airlines opening up ways to get paid by locals online . . • eGovernment drive opening up ecommerce and payment . . • Lotto and online gambling opening up mCommerce . . • Trading and bill presentation is currently mainly internet . . • Payment is a combination of mobile and internet . . • Great examples of mobile bill payment like M-Pesa in Kenya . . • Consumers often more payment ready than the businesses . . Internet as a channel to wake up retail revenues and profitability
  • 13. 1 PayGate product offering Internet Users http://www.roycefunds.com/insights/
  • 14. It’s horses for courses . . • We need to stop thinking “Africa” and start talking individual countries . . • Each country has a unique payment dynamic . . • Each one needs its own online payment strategy . . • For example • Congo is about cash . . • Nigeria is about Verve debit cards . . • Kenya is about M-Pesa . . • Tanzania is about private label and their M-Pesa off a low base . . • Logistics are different in each . . ability to get a product delivered . . • Delivery is not easy in Kenya . . • Yet Nigeria it’s happening and the courier will collect cash for you . . Physical products are still a hard starter in many countries . . digital downloads and software is where its at right now Online payment options
  • 15. Traditional entry point for a soft landing . . • Traditional acquiring ie MasterCard and Visa is nice and easy . . • But not that big . . • Visa & MasterCard fast-tracking private label cards onto their networks . . • MasterCard converted 5m private label cards in one country . . • That’s 5m more locals who can soon buy online . . • Alternative is bigger than traditional . . • But not the same in each country . . and not as easy to bring online Online payment options
  • 16. Your merchant account(s) . . • Do you have a legal entity needed for a merchant account etc . . • Own merchant account or use an aggregator . . • Banks prefer aggregator in many countries . . • Banks very risk averse . . paranoid about chargebacks • Make sure there is safe storage of cards . . PCI compliance • Currencies . . . • USD is accepted in most countries . . • Local currency also available . . • Banks not that fussy around cross border acquiring . . • Banks are represented in a number of countries, • BUT not always ecommerce licenced or can trade in the currency . . Online payment options
  • 17. Countries and payment methods . . • SA . . PayD, Ukash, FNB Cell PayPoint, SID • Easy countries from a MasterCard and Visa acquiring perspective . . Kenya, Nigeria, Mozambique, Botswana, Uganda, Namibia . . • Nigeria . . Verve debit cards are a must . . Can be confusing for merchants • Kenya . . . M-Pesa has 16m users and is the most popular method. . • 3D secure is popular . . risk averse • In some countries cards blocked for online . . • President or leaders are involved and driving it . . Rwanda, Kenya, Ghana • Countries like Congo and Togo its cash only . . nothing is happening • Big mobile payment methods like M-Pesa and Orange • Barclays, Stanbic . . establishing a good footprint . . easier to work with • Cost of processing is generally higher than SA . . • Sometimes they will retain funds for an extraordinary time • Becoming a more rational market with understanding and competition . . Online payment options
  • 18. Make it easy for your customer . . • Use Ajax . . keep them on the same page . . • PayWeb (stackable payment options) vs PayXML (upgrade) . . • Go for one integration, many payment methods . . • PCI is not negotiable . . • Choose the payment solutions to suit you product and business . . • Offer the appropriate ways to pay . . • Mobile options . . • More tips from IT . . A smooth and secure checkout
  • 19. Successes and failures . . • Poor fraud management . . • Not providing the appropriate payment methods . . • Choosing unsuitable alternative payment methods . . • Language problems . . • Misled by wannabe gateways . . • Loss of trust and confidence at the checkout . . • Handing over too much responsibility for managing merchant account . . • Timing . . doing business in these countries takes time . . • Use tried and tested solutions that you are familiar with . . • With people you know and trust to get you sorted . . • New product, new market is risky . . so go with what and who you know . . Successes and failures . .