The document discusses the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) Monitoring and Evaluation Framework. It outlines the goal and targets of CAADP, which include 6% annual agricultural growth, reducing poverty and hunger by half by 2015, and allocating 10% of national budgets to agriculture. It also discusses the four pillars of CAADP: sustainable land management, rural infrastructure, increasing food supply, and agricultural research. The framework is meant to monitor progress on implementing CAADP and achieving its goals through indicators on inputs, outputs, outcomes, and conditioning factors. A questionnaire is also outlined that collects data on CAADP implementation, investments, outputs, sector performance, socioeconomics, and agricultural strategies.
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Research methodology for caadp m&e m&e framework, caadp indicators & sadc risdp indicators
1. Comprehensive Africa
Agriculture Development
Programme (CAADP) Monitoring
and Evaluation Framework and
links to the Survey
Questionnaire
Photo: David van Cakenberghe/IWMI
Regional Methodology Workshop
Photo David Brazier/IWMI
Photo: :Tom Brazier/IWMI
Birchwood Hotel
21 June, 2012
Pretoria
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2. Goal and targets of CAADP
Goal of CAADP
• Help African countries reach and maintain a higher
path of economic growth through agriculturally-led
development that reduces mass poverty, food
insecurity and hunger.
Targets of CAADP
• 6% average annual growth in the agriculture
• MDG 1 - reduce poverty and hunger by half by 2015,
• Allocating 10% of national budgets to agriculture
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3. Four Pillars of CAADP
CAADP is a strategic framework to guide investments
across four specific pillars, as well as investments in
strengthening institutional capacity across the pillars:
1. Extending area under sustainable land
management and reliable water control systems
2. Improving rural infrastructure and trade-related
capacity for market access
3. Increasing food supplies and reducing hunger
4. Agricultural research and technology
dissemination and adoption
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4. CAADP Implementation
The CAADP country roundtable process is the main process to
monitor and evaluate at the country level.
• inclusive participation of stakeholders to ensure that credible
and relevant evidence is used in the design of a CAADP
investment program that is aligned with the CAADP
principles and targets across the four CAADP pillars
• Significant stages in the process lead up to signing of a
country CAADP compact and then design, technical review,
implementation and monitoring and evaluation of the
investment program.
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5. Purpose of CAAD M&E Framework
The M&E framework was developed by ReSAKSS , endorsed in 2009
and validated 2010
• To monitor progress towards the successful implementation of
CAADP
• Supports mutual, peer and progress reviews at the continental,
regional and national levels respectively.
• Provides a basis for impact assessment of CAADP.
• To do this it has identified a set of indicators, data required, laid
out a data collection, and analysis plan
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6. What to monitor?
• What to monitor is based on the underlying logic of CAADP to
show how the investments (Inputs) and outputs associated with
any one pillar of CAADP interact with the other pillars through
complementarity or substitutability of investments to affect
achievement of the overall CAADP goals and objectives.
• Also the framework shows how the investment decisions and
realization of the various outputs and outcomes are influenced by
the conditioning factors e.g. governance and trade and
macroeconomic policies.
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7. What to monitor (2)
Generally agreed that the indicators must be SMART
Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Timely
Thus the best indicators are those that best reflect the range of
inputs (processes, policies and investments),
outputs and
outcomes
associated with the activities being implemented across the
different pillars of CAADP.
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8. Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Timely (SMART)
Indicators
• SMART indicators must be the ones that best reflect the
range of:
1. Inputs,
2. Outputs
3. Outcomes
associated with the activities being implemented across
the different pillars/subsectors of the agriculture sector
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9. Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Timely (SMART)
Indicators
• SMART indicators must also capture critical landmarks
along the pathway (s) of impact e.g.
1. Investments made and how these affect agricultural productivity
growth, poverty and hunger
2. Investments made in capacity strengthening and how these
contribute to achieving the goals and objectives of the sector
3. Investments made and associated outputs in each individual
pillar and how these are affected by investments and outputs
associated with other pillars
4. Conditioning factors/exogenous factors – and how these are likely
to influence realization of the goals and objectives of the sector
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10. Inputs Input Level Conditioning/Exogenous Factors
Political economy
Governance
Institutions
Total Government Revenue
Private Sector Investments
Investments in FDI/OD
the 4 CAADP
Pillars and
Rural Agricultural
Capacity Land
Infrastructure Food Security Research and
Management &
Strengthening Water Control Trade Related and Safety Nets Technology
Market Access Development
Systems
Institutional Capacity Strengthening
Public Investments
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11. Output Level Conditioning/Exogenous
Factors
Outputs • Initial conditions of capital
• Social services (Education, Health,
Social Security)
Physical Capital Human Capital
Irrigation Systems
Rural Roads
Marketing Information,
Infrastructure Knowledge and
Technologies
Food Reserve
Facilities
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12. Outcome Level Conditioning/Exogenous Factors
• Resources
Outcomes • Rainfall
• Natural Disasters
• Trade policies
• Exchange Rates
• Prices
Sustainable Agricultural
Land Production Agricultural
Management and Food Trade
Supply
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13. Goal level Conditioning/Exogenous Factors
• Household Assets and Endowments
• Natural disasters
• Conflict
Hunger
Goal
Level
Poverty
Income Intermediate
Goal Level
Prices
Intermediate Goal level Conditioning/Exogenous
Factors
• Non-agricultural production
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• Employment,
• Rural wages,
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• Inflation
14. Goal level
Goals •Household Assets and
•Endowments, Natural disasters
•Conflict
Intermediate Goal level
Intermediate •Non-agricultural production
Goals •Employment, Rural wages,
•Inflation
•Outcome level
Outcomes •Resources, Rainfall, Natural
•Disasters, Trade policies,
•Exchange Rates, Prices
Output level
Outputs •Initial conditions of capital
(Capital) •Social services (Educ, Health. SS)
Input level
Inputs •Political economy,
• Governance
(Investments) •Institutions
•Total Government Revenue
•Private Sector Investments
•FDI/ODA
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Overall PerformanceM. et al, 2008 Framework
Source: Benin.S., Johnson
Indicator Conditioning factors
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15. Figure 1 and Figure 2
• The two figures:
• Help identify a critical set of indicators that in addition to being
consistent with the impact pathways, possess sufficient
information to address the fundamental question of whether the
programme is on track to achieving the desired goal of agricultural
growth rate and poverty, hunger reduction targets.
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16. CAADP and SADC RISDP Indicators
• Achieving a GDP growth of at least 7% a year.
• MDG1 by 2015 .
• Doubling cropland under irrigation from 3.5% to 7%
• Increasing fertilizer use to 65 kg/ha of arable land by
2015.
• Increasing cereal yield to 2,000 kg/ha by 2015.
• Doubling the adoption rate of proven technologies such
as improved seed varieties, and management of water
and land by 2015.
• Increasing livestock production by at least 4% annually
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17. Questionnaire overview
The survey is divided into six broad sections:
• CAADP implementation process
• Expenditure and investment indicators
• Output indicators (Agricultural technology, diffusion, and
human capital indicators)
• Agricultural sector performance indicators (Agricultural
production and trade indicators)
• Macro- and socio-economic indicators (Welfare indicators)
• Agricultural development strategies, policies and/or plans
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18. CAADP implementation process
The purpose of this indicator is to provide an
overview of the progress, if any, the country
has made in adapting and implementing the
CAADP framework
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19. B: Expenditure and investment indicators
The purpose of this indicator is to collect
information on government revenues, budget
allocation and expenditures. This information will
specifically be used to monitor the country’s
progress towards the 2003 Maputo Declaration
target of allocating at least 10% of total
government budgetary resources to agriculture.
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20. C: Output indicators (Agricultural technology,
diffusion, and human capital indicators)
This indicator covers information on the rate of
modern input use which specifically includes
adoption of improved technologies, sustainable
land management practices and stock as well as
quality (in terms of qualifications) of agricultural
human capital.
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21. D: Agricultural sector performance indicators
(Agricultural production and trade indicators)
• The purpose of this indicator is to monitor
agricultural output and production
performance in the country.
• This information will be used to assess
whether and how the country is progressing
towards achieving its agricultural growth and
performance targets.
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22. E: Macro- and socio-economic indicators
(Welfare indicators)
• To assess the extent to which the country is
progressing towards achieving the MDGs,
specifically MDG1 (on halving poverty and
hunger by 2015) and MDG6 (particularly as it
relates to combating HIV/AIDS).
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23. F: Agricultural development
strategies, policies and/or plans
The purpose of these indicators is to collect
information that will be used to review the
country’s most recent agricultural
development strategies, policies and/or plans
(e.g. National Development Plans, Poverty
Reduction Strategies (PRSs), Agriculture
and/or Food Security Strategies, etc
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24. Potential Indicators for CAADP M&E
The indicators are grouped into seven intervention areas
(1) enabling environment;
(2) implementation process
(3) commitments and investments;
(4) agricultural growth performance;
(5) agricultural trade performance;
(6) poverty, hunger, and food and nutrition security; and
(7) investment-growth poverty linkages.
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25. Key indicators on enabling environment
• Governance and economic management
• % of population satisfied with political governance by: (i) gender;
(ii) rural/urban; (iii) age group; (iv) sector
• Macroeconomic management: (i) deficit to GDP; (ii),revenue to
GDP; (iii) inflation rate; (iv) debt to GDP
• Private sector development
• Proportion of population with access to financial services for
agricultural and rural development
• Proportion of commercial loans for agricultural and rural
development (and as % of Agricultural GDP
• Donor harmonization
• Share of ODA for total budget support
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26. 2. Key indicators on implementation process
• Development of investment program
Number of countries at major stages of the roundtable
process (see Figure 2)
• Composition of stakeholders involved at each major stage of
the process
• Resources and mechanisms for implementation of
investment program
• Whether resources have been committed by governments,
private sector and development partners
• Whether mechanisms are in place for implementation and
M&E
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27. 3. Key indicators on commitments and investments
• Total ODA commitments as % of Agricultural GDP (AgGDP
• Total ODA for agricultural R&D and value chains
•
• Government spending on the agricultural sector as:
• (i) % agricultural budget;
• (ii) % of total expenditures; and
• (iii) % of AgGDP
• Share of government agricultural expenditures by:
Function (research, extension, irrigation, etc)
Sub-sector (crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries)
• Total private sector investments in the agricultural sector % of
AgGDP
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28. 4. Key indicators on provision, coverage and
utilization of services
• Percent of agricultural land area under irrigation
• Percent of population within 15 minutes, 30 minutes or more than
30 minutes of infrastructure or service
• % of agricultural production that is lost post-harvest
• %Technology adoption
• %agricultural land area under improved technologies (crops and
forestry)
• %of total livestock units of improved breeds
• % of fish farming under sustainable management
• Institutional capacity - Level of training (PhD, MS, BS, Dip Number
of professionals per 1000 persons by: Gender
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29. 5. Key indicators on agricultural trade
performance
• Value and volume of agricultural exports and imports
• as % of AgGDP (and contribution by different sub-sectors and
major commodities)
• Food trade balance
• Share of intra-regional trade
• Share of value-added content of trade
• Domestic and export-import parity prices by major commodities
• Demand outlook and long-term price projections for major
commodities
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30. 6. Key indicators on poverty, hunger and food
and nutrition security
• Poverty incidence ratio
• Poverty gap ratio
• Share of poorest quintile in national income
• Proportion of the population below minimum dietary energy
consumption
• Prevalence of underweight children under five years of age
• Global Hunger Index
• Share of food expenditure
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31. 7. Key indicators on linkages between
interventions and CAADP goals
• Percentage change in poverty rate per unit change in AgGDP
growth rate
• Value of AgGDP per unit cost of intervention
• Number of people lifted out of poverty or hunger per unit cost of
intervention
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