1. Maintaining Growth in the Renewables Sector
Report Details:
Published:September 2012
No. of Pages: 72
Price: Single User License – US$2875
This report looks at the evolution of renewable energy, from the factors that have led to significant
and continuing growth, to those that may curb growth in the short term. The report identifies
growing awareness and acceptance of renewables as a driver, but concludes that the lack of a
stable investment environment could limit this growth and that a broader, longer-term strategy is
needed.
Features and benefits
•Gain insight into where the renewables sector is now and an overview of current trends broken
down by fuel, region, country, end-user, and generator.
•Understand likely future trends and the key issues leading to growth, including investment, cost-
equivalence with fossil fuels, and energy security.
•Understand the main factors that could cause renewables development to falter, including failure
to disaggregate renewable energy by fuel.
•Gain an overview of principal alternatives to renewables development and the strengths and
weaknesses of these alternatives.
•Gain recommendations and the basic components of the strategy needed at a national level to
ensure continuing renewables growth.
Highlights
The days when renewables development was seen as a question of whether to implement a
specific renewable in a specific location are gone: renewables need to be seen as part of a
portfolio of energy resources that may include other modern conventional technologies (including
natural gas and CCS).
The continued development of renewables requires strategic vision and investment in
infrastructure and technology: most obviously, smart grid and energy storage. However, new
generation biofuels technology is needed to kickstart this segment of the renewables market.
The move toward the next generation of technologies is unlikely to be possible without strong
signals from states and governments that they will be supported.
Your key questions answered
•Where are renewables now in the overall energy mix and how is this reflected by region and by
country?
•What are the long-term prospects for renewables and which are expected to see the most
significant growth over the next decades?

2. •What are the principal policy and investment issues?
•What are the key technological and structural obstacles to renewables implementation?
•What changes need to be put in place at government level to ensure continuing renewables
success?
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Major points covered in Table of Contents of this report include
Table of Contents
About the authors
Professor Merlin Stone
Jane Fae Ozimek
Disclaimer
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Renewables: global situation and trends
Renewables outlook: long-term
Factors leading to growth in renewables
Slowing renewables growth
Analysis and recommendations
Report outline
Scope and introduction
Renewables: global situation and trends
Renewables in the global mix
Breakdown by modality
Breakdown by energy source
Renewables: national trends
Comparison of renewables within country
Over 60% renewable electricity
Split by end user: generation and use
Energy usage: consumer versus business
Renewable energy in the business sector
Future growth expected
Consumer case study: Germany
Renewables outlook
Long-term outlook
Likely future renewables mix
Factors leading to growth in renewables
The changing model of energy generation
Cost base for renewable generation
Renewables versus traditional fuels
IEA exploration of relevant factors

3. National policies support renewable growth
Investment in renewable technologies
National targets for renewable energy
Financial support for renewable technologies
Slowing renewables growth
Putting the brakes on renewables
Financial difficulties
Declining subsidy versus unclear policy
Technology issues
Structural issues: baseload and dispatchable energy
Solutions: smart grid and storage
Fossil fuel back-up
Germany – a study in renewable implementation
Balancing renewable incentive against fossil fuel back-up
Alternative (non-renewable) solutions
Natural gas – a cleaner alternative?
Shale gas – savior or false prophet
Shale gas trends
Environmental issues associated with shale gas extraction
Natural gas alternatives: a critique
The nuclear option
Future expansion for nuclear
Nuclear controversy
CCS – a cleaner approach to fossil fuels?
Carbon scrubbing
Analysis and recommendations
Changing perspectives on renewables: 2012–30
Time to disaggregate renewables
The need for a co-ordinated energy strategy
Appendix
Glossary/abbreviations
Bibliography/references
List of Tables
Table: World total primary energy supply and relative change, by fuel (Mtoe), 2007 and 2009
Table: Proportion of EU energy requirements provided by renewables (%), 2006–09
Table: Renewable energy estimated share of global final consumption and relative change (%),
2008 and 2010
Table: Estimated renewable share of global electricity generation and relative change (%), 2008
and 2011
Table: Renewable generating capacity: selected indicators, 2009–11
Table: Total energy production by regions: renewable share and change, 2010 versus 2005
Table: Share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption (%), 2009 and 2010 plus EU

4. targets for 2020
Table: Electricity generated from renewable sources (% of gross electricity consumption), 2009
and 2010
Table: Proportion of renewable energy primary production by country from biomass, hydro,
geothermal, wind, and solar energy (%), 2010
Table: Total world delivered energy consumption, by end-use sector (quadrillion Btu), 2008
Table: World total energy consumption, by fuel (quadrillion Btu), 2008–35
Table: Total installed generating capacity and renewables capacity (GW), 2008–35
Table: Actual and forecast net electricity generation, by renewables (billion kWh), 2008–35
Table: Regional variation in levelized cost of new generation resources, US ($/MWh), 2017
Table: Leading nations by renewable technology (GW), end 2011
Table: World annual investment in new renewable capacity ($bn), 2009–11
Table: Number of countries with renewable targets and renewable support policies, 2009–11
Table: Countries generating the largest proportion of their electricity from nuclear (%), 2011
List of Figures
Figure: World total primary energy supply, by fuel (Mtoe), 2007 and 2009
Figure: Proportion of EU energy requirements provided by renewables (%), 2006–09
Figure: Renewable energy estimated share of global final consumption (%), 2008 and 2010
Figure: Estimated renewable share of global electricity generation (%), 2008 and end 2011
Figure: Renewable generating capacity: hydropower versus other renewables, 2009–11
Figure: Change in renewable share of energy use by regions (%), 2010 versus 2005
Figure: Share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption (%), 2010
Figure: Electricity generated from renewable sources (% of gross electricity consumption), 2009
and 2010
Figure: Proportion of renewable energy primary production from hydro energy, by country (%),
2010
Figure: Total world delivered energy consumption, by end-use sector (quadrillion Btu), 2008
Figure: World total energy consumption, by fuel (quadrillion Btu), 2008–35
Figure: Renewables as a proportion of total installed generating capacity (%), 2008–35
Figure: Actual and forecast net electricity generation, by renewables (billion kWh), 2008–35
Figure: Virtuous circle of renewables support, 2012
Figure: Average levelized cost of new generation resources ($/MWh), 2017
Figure: World annual investment in new renewable capacity ($bn), 2009–11
Figure: Number of countries with renewable policy targets, 2009–11
Figure: Share of renewable energy in gross final consumption (%), EU target for 2020
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