Electric Vehicles and Power Sources: Technologies and Global Markets
Fuel Cells for Residential, Commercial and Military Power
1. Fuel Cells for Residential, Commercial and Military Power
Report Details:
Published:November 2012
No. of Pages: 273
Price: Single User License – US$4850
This report on Fuel Cells Market for Residential, Commercial and Military Power will provide:
•An overview of the market for medium-size fuel cells for combined heat and power, auxiliary
power, and emergency power
•Analyses of market trends, with data from 2011 and 2012, and projections of compound annual
growth rates (CAGRs) through 2017
•A breakdown of the types of fuel cells, including solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) and polymer
electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC)
•Examinations of industry structure and competitive aspects
•Market segmentation by residential; commercial; transportation; police, fire, and rescue; and
military
•Discussion of industry concentration factors, environment and trade practices, distribution
channels, and purchasing influences
•Comprehensive company profiles of major players
Like batteries, fuel cells produce electrical energy through an electrochemical process. Unlike
batteries, fuel cells are “conversion” devices that change some kind of chemical fuel into
electricity. Like combustion engines, fuel cells “convert” fuel into energy, but in this case the
energy is electricity, not kinetic (movement) or heat.
Fuel cells can’t directly store electrical energy, but they may have a great deal of flexibility in fuels.
Possible fuels include hydrocarbons like natural gas or alcohol, or even metals like aluminum.
Many designs operate best on hydrogen gas; others can operate on utility-grade natural gas or
propane.
Fuel cell sizes range from tiny portable units that can be held in the hand to massive stacks the
size of a two-story building. Smaller fuel cells can be combined into stacks with an effectively
unlimited size.
This report considers residential, commercial and military medium-sized power generation
applications for fuel cells too large to be easily portable and smaller utility-scale units. Fuel cells
used to power vehicles or small portable products are not considered. The market is divided into
three main categories:
2. • Combined Heating and Power (CHP).
• Auxiliary Power Units (APU).
• Emergency.
Fuel cell types most appropriate for these applications include Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM)
and Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs), but other types, like molten carbonate, alkaline and
phosphoric acid fuel cells, can be used in some specific medium-sized applications.
CHP fuel cells integrate the production of usable heat and power (electricity) in one single, highly
efficient process. CHP generates electricity whilst also capturing usable heat that is produced in
this process. This contrasts with conventional ways of generating electricity whereby a vast
amount of heat is simply wasted. In today’s coal- and gas-fired power stations, up to two-thirds of
the overall energy consumed is lost in this way—often seen as a cloud of steam rising from
cooling towers. Their relative sophistication means that the overall efficiency of CHP plants can
reach in excess of 80% at the point of use.
Auxiliary power units (APUs) and emergency power fuel cells only generate electricity (not heat).
The distinction between an APU and an emergency power unit depends on the service profile:
continuous versus standby/intermittent. Advantages include long service life, ability to operate
using a variety of fuels and relatively low cost for the functionality. Specific applications include
emergency or backup power for residences or commercial facilities, telecommunications backup
power supplies, signage power, recreational vehicle power, aircraft auxiliary power, and anti-idling
power for commercial diesel vehicles. Power generators provide off-grid power during a blackout,
in emergencies, in remote locations or when vehicles are parked.
REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY
This report can also provide valuable information in terms of assessing investment in particular
technologies and, therefore, should benefit investors directly or indirectly. Others may find the
broad discussions of energy policy and environmental impact to be of considerable value in
understanding the opportunities and problems in the near- to mid-term.
INTENDED AUDIENCE
This report is intended to provide a unique analysis of the residential, commercial, and military fuel
cell market and will be of interest to a variety of current and potential fuel cell users and integrators
as well as competing battery, fuel cell and conventional power generation makers.
BCC Research wishes to thank those companies, government agencies, and university
researchers that contributed information for this report.
SCOPE AND FORMAT
This report discusses the values of the North American, European, Far Eastern and Rest-of-World
3. markets. Target markets are based on optimistic, pessimistic, and consensus alternatives. Sales
(dollars) and shipments (units) for 2011, 2012, and 2017 are provided, with five-year cumulative
average growth rates (CAGR) calculated for the period 2012 to 2017.
Fuel cell applications are described and analyzed. The following applications are considered:
Combined heat and power (CHP) sectors are:
• Residential.
• Commercial.
• Industrial.
Auxiliary power unit (APU) sectors are:
• Residential/Commercial.
• Recreational Vehicles.
• Signage.
• Anti-idling.
• Aircraft.
• Military.
Emergency sectors are:
• Residential/Commercial (including uninterruptible power systems).
• Military.
• Police/Emergency.
Residential, commercial, and military fuel cell companies are listed and detailed profiles have been
prepared.
METHODOLOGY
An in-depth analysis of technical and business literature and published dissertations; a review of
the history of the technologies involved; and interviews with industry experts, company
representatives, federal government researchers and university scientists provide an assessment
of the outlook for alternative electrical power storage. Other information sources include product
literature from suppliers, scientific references, conferences and patent searches.
Both primary and secondary research methodologies were used in preparing this report, which is
based on interviews with commercial and government sources, literature reviews, and patent
examinations. Throughout the report, past market data is expressed in current dollars, and
estimates and projections are in constant 2012 dollars.
Most market summaries are based on a consensus scenario that assumes no unanticipated
technical advances and no unexpected legislation. When appropriate, several developmental
markets are characterized in pessimistic, consensus and optimistic scenarios. Totals are rounded
to the nearest million dollars. When appropriate, information from previously published sources is
identified to allow a more detailed examination by clients.
4. INFORMATION SOURCES
Market assumptions used in this report include those based on updates of material from an earlier
version of this analysis as well as from BCC Research studies; this report’s author prepared these
studies as well. He also edited several relevant newsletters including Fuel Cell Industry Report.
Although many segments of the industry are well documented, much of this information is based
on estimates, not hard facts. The distinction between these estimates and hard facts can be vital,
and wherever possible, sources are identified.
ANALYST CREDENTIALS
This report’s project analyst, Donald Saxman, edited BCC Research’s Fuel Cell Industry Report
newsletter and has founded several other BCC newsletters. Mr. Saxman has more than 28 years
of experience in market analysis, technical writing and newsletter editing. Since 1983, he has
operated as a technical market consultant and subcontractor to BCC Research, and in this
capacity he has prepared more than 80 technology market research reports including many that
cover battery technology and battery markets. His previous experience includes supervision of a
quality-control laboratory at a major secondary lead refinery, experience as an analytical chemist
at a hazardous waste testing service, product assurance manager for a space station life-support-
system project, and an information technology business analyst and project manager.
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Major points covered in Table of Contents of this report include
Chapter- 1: Introduction
Study Goals And Objectives
Reasons For Doing The Study
Intended Audience
Scope And Format
Methodology
Information Sources
Analyst Credentials
Related Reports
Bcc On-Line Services
Disclaimer
Chapter- 2: Summary
Table Summary : Global Market Summary By Fuel Cell Type, Consensus Scenario, Through 2017
5. Figure Summary : Global Market Summary By Fuel Cell Type, Consensus Scenario, 2011-2017
Chapter- 3: Residential, Commercial And Military Fuel Cells
Types Of Fuel Cells
Chapter- 4: Residential, Commercial And Military Fuel Cell Markets
Combined Heat And Power (Chp)
Emergency Power
Residential, Commercial And Military Fuel Cell Market Summaries
Fuel Cells By Region Market Summary
Chapter- 5: Industry Structure And Competitive Aspects
Driving Forces Of The Industry
Channels Of Distribution
Market Segmentation
Purchasing Influences
Chapter- 6: Company Profiles
Acal Energy Ltd.
Acta Spa.
Acumentrics Holding Corp.
Adelan U.K., Ltd.
Afc Energy
Alpps Fuel Cell Systems
Alstom Technology, Inc.
Altergy
Ariston Thermo Group
The Babcock & Wilcox Co. (Mcdermott International)
Babcock-Hitachi K.K.
Ballard Power Systems
Bloom Energy
Ceramic Fuel Cells, Ltd.
Ceres Power Holdings
Cmr Prototech
Cummins Power Generation, Inc.
Dana Canada Corp.
Ddi Energy
Delphi Automotive
6. Edison Electric Institute
Elcogen As
Energiened
Entwicklungs Und Vertriebsgesellschaft Brennstoffzelle
Fuel Cell Technologies
Fuelcell Energy, Inc.
Fuji Electric Co.
Future E Fuel Cell Solutions Gmbh
General Electric Company
General Motors Corp.
George Westinghouse Research And Technology Park
Global Resource Energy Inc.
Golden Energy Fuel Cell Co., Ltd.
Haldor Topsoe A/S/Topsoe Fuel Cell
H Power Corp.
Horizon Fuel Cells And Riversimple
Hydrogenics Corp.
Idatech, Llc
Itm Power
Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc.
Linde Boc
Loganenergy Corp.
Meidensha Corp.
Meridian Energy, Ltd.
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.
National Fuel Cell Research Center
Neah Power
Nedstack Fuel Cell Technology
Nextech Materials, Ltd.
Nippon Telegraph & Telephone Corp.
Ontario Power Generation, Inc.
Palcan Fuel Cells, Ltd.
Plug Power, Inc.
Pohang Iron And Steel Company (Posco)
Protonex
Proton Power Systems
Reliant Energy Power Systems
Relion
Rolls-Royce Fuel Cell Systems, Ltd.
Safcell
Shell Hydrogen Bv
Siemens Power Generation, Inc.
7. Smart Fuel Cell Ag (Sfc)
Sofcpower Slc
Solid State Energy Conversion Alliance
Staxera Gmbh (Sunfire)
Sulzer Hexis Ag
Turkcell
Sumitomo Corp.
Tokyo Gas Co., Ltd.
Toshiba Fuel Cell Power Systems Corp.
Toyota
Ultra Electronics Ami
United Technologies
Vaillant Gmbh
Versa Power Systems, Inc.
Violet Fuel Cell Sticks
Wartsila Corp.
Watt Fuel Cell Corp.
Webasto Ag
Worldwide Energy, Llc
Ztek Corp.
Chapter- 7: Appendix 1: Competition
Conventional Turbine-Based Power Generation
Internal Combustion Engines
Ultracapacitors
Batteries
Chapter- 8: Appendix 2: Hydrogen Fuel
Electrolysis
Kanzius Radio Frequency Approach
Regenerative Electrochemical Cell
Hydrogen Reforming
Alumifuel Power Corp. Hydrogen Generation
Table 92 : Hydrogen Production Methods
List Of Tables
Summary Table : Global Market Summary By Fuel Cell Type, Consensus Scenario, Through 2017
Table Budget Hydrogen And Fuel Cell Technologies Funding : ($ Thousands)
8. Table 1 : Fuel Cell Advantages And Disadvantages
Table 2 : Characteristics Of Major Fuel Cell Types
Table 3 : Residential, Commercial, And Military Sofc Fuel Cell Companies
Table 4 : Sofc Optimistic, Pessimistic And Consensus Scenarios By Application
Table 5 : Sofc Optimistic, Pessimistic, And Consensus Scenarios, By Region
Table 6 : Global Sofc Market Projections By Sector Consensus Scenario, Through 2017
Table 7 : Global Sofc Market Projections By Sector Optimistic Scenario, Through 2017
Table 8 : Global Sofc Market Projections By Sector, Pessimistic Scenario, Through 2017
Table 9 : Global Sofc Market Projections By Region Consensus Scenario, Through 2017
Table 10 : Global Sofc Market Projections By Region Optimistic Scenario, Through 2017
Table 11 : Global Sofc Market Projections By Region Pessimistic Scenario, Through 2017
Table 12 : Residential, Commercial, And Military Pem Fuel Cell Companies
Table 13 : Pemfc Optimistic, Pessimistic And Consensus Scenarios By Application
Table 14 : Pemfc Optimistic, Pessimistic And Consensus Scenarios By Region
Table 15 : Global Pemfc Market Projections By Sector Consensus Scenario, Through 2017
Table 16 : Global Pemfc Market Projections By Sector Optimistic Scenario, Through 2017
Table 17 : Global Pemfc Market Projections By Sector Pessimistic Scenario, Through 2017
Table 18 : Global Pemfc Market Projections By Region Consensus Scenario, Through 2017
Table 19 : Global Pemfc Market Projections By Region Optimistic Scenario, Through 2017
Table 20 : Global Pemfc Market Projections By Region Pessimistic Scenario, Through 2017
Table 21 : Other Residential, Commercial, And Military Fuel Cell Companies
Table 22 : Global Other Fuel Cell Market Projections By Sector Consensus Scenario, Through
2017
Table 23 : Global Other Fuel Cell Market Projections By Sector Optimistic Scenario, Through 2017
Table 24 : Global Other Fuel Cell Market Projections By Sector Pessimistic Scenario, Through
2017
Table 25 : Global Other Fuel Cell Market Projections By Region Consensus Scenario, Through
2017
Table 26 : Global Other Fuel Cell Market Projections By Region Optimistic Scenario, Through
2017
Table 27 : Global Other Fuel Cell Market Projections By Region Pessimistic Scenario, Through
2017
Table 28 : Preliminary Technical Targets: 1-10 Kwe Residential Combined Heat And Power Fuel
Cells Operating On Natural Gas, 2008-2020
Table 29 : Preliminary Technical Targets: 1-10 Kwe Fuel Cell Auxiliary Power Units Operating On
Standard Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel, 2008-2020
Table 30 : Residential, Commercial And Military Chp Fuel Cell Companies
Table 31 : Global Chp Market Projections By Sector Consensus Scenario, Through 2017
Table 32 : Global Chp Market Projections By Sector, Through 2017
Table 33 : Global Chp Market Projections By Sector Pessimistic Scenario, Through 2017
Table 34 : Residential, Commercial And Military Apu Fuel Cell Companies
Table 35 : Global Apu Market Projections By Sector Consensus Scenario, Through 2017
9. Table 36 : Global Apu Market Projections By Sector Optimistic Scenario, Through 2017
Table 37 : Global Apu Market Projections By Sector Pessimistic Scenario, Through 2017
Table 38 : Residential, Commercial And Military Emergency Fuel Cell Companies
Table 39 : Global Emergency Power Market Projections By Sector Consensus Scenario, Through
2017
Table 40 : Global Emergency Power Market Projections By Sector Optimistic Scenario, Through
2017
Table 41 : Global Emergency Power Market Projections By Sector Pessimistic Scenario, Through
2017
Table 42 : Global Sofc Market Projections By Sector Consensus Scenario, Through 2017
Table 43 : Global Sofc Market Projections By Sector Optimistic Scenario, Through 2017
Table 44 : Global Sofc Market Projections By Sector Pessimistic Scenario, Through 2017
Table 45 : Global Pemfc Market Projections By Sector Consensus Scenario, Through 2017
Table 46 : Global Pemfc Market Projections By Sector Optimistic Scenario, Through 2017
Table 47 : Global Pemfc Market Projections By Sector Pessimistic Scenario, Through 2017
Table 48 : Global Other Fuel Cell Market Projections By Sector Consensus Scenario, Through
2017
Table 49 : Global Other Fuel Cell Market Projections By Sector Optimistic Scenario, Through 2017
Table 50 : Global Other Fuel Cell Market Projections By Sector Pessimistic Scenario, Through
2017
Table 51 : Total Global Market Projections By Type Consensus Scenario, Through 2017
Table 52 : Total Global Market Projections By Type Optimistic Scenario, Through 2017
Table 53 : Total Global Market Projections By Type Pessimistic Scenario, Through 2017
Table 54 : Global Chp Market Projections By Sector Consensus Scenario, Through 2017
Table 55 : Global Chp Market Projections By Sector Optimistic Scenario, Through 2017
Table 56 : Global Chp Market Projections By Sector Pessimistic Scenario, Through 2017
Table 57 : Global Apu Market Projections By Sector, Consensus Scenario, Through 2017
Table 58 : Global Apu Market Projections By Sector Optimistic Scenario, Through 2017
Table 59 : Global Apu Market Projections By Sector Pessimistic Scenario, Through 2017
Table 60 : Global Emergency Power Market Projections By Sector Consensus Scenario, Through
2017
Table 61 : Global Emergency Power Market Projections By Sector Optimistic Scenario, Through
2017
Table 62 : Global Emergency Power Market Projections By Sector Pessimistic Scenario, Through
2017
Table 63 : ($ Millions/1,000 Units)
Table 64 : Total Global Market Projections By Sector Optimistic Scenario, Through 2017
Table 65 : Total Global Market Projections By Sector Pessimistic Scenario, Through 2017
Table 66 : North America Market Projections By Fuel Cell Type Consensus Scenario, Through
2017
Table 67 : North America Market Projections By Fuel Cell Type Optimistic Scenario, Through 2017
Table 68 : North America Market Projections By Fuel Cell Type, Pessimistic Scenario, Through
10. 2017
Table 69 : Europe Market Projections By Fuel Cell Type Consensus Scenario, Through 2017
Table 70 : Europe Market Projections By Fuel Cell Type Optimistic Scenario, Through 2017
Table 71 : Europe Market Projections By Fuel Cell Type, Pessimistic Scenario, Through 2017
Table 72 : Far East Market Projections By Fuel Cell Type Consensus Scenario, Through 2017
Table 73 : Far East Market Projections By Fuel Cell Type Optimistic Scenario, Through 2017
Table 74 : Far East Market Projections By Fuel Cell Type Pessimistic Scenario, Through 2017
Table 75 : Rest-Of-World Market Projections By Fuel Cell Type Consensus Scenario, Through
2017
Table 76 : Rest-Of-World Market Projections By Fuel Cell Type Optimistic Scenario, Through 2017
Table 77 : Rest-Of-World Market Projections By Fuel Cell Type Pessimistic Scenario, Through
2017
Table 78 : Total Market Projections By Fuel Cell Type Consensus Scenario, Through 2017
Table 79 : Total Market Projections By Fuel Cell Type Optimistic Scenario, Through 2017
Table 80 : Total World Market Projections By Fuel Cell Type Pessimistic Scenario, Through 2017
Table 81 : Budget Hydrogen And Fuel Cell Technologies Funding Profile By Subprogram, 2009-
2011
Table 82 : 2011 Proposed Fiscal Fuel Cell Budget
Table 83 : Japanese Fuel Cell Research Funding
Table 84 : Major Institutional Research Into Fuel Cells
Table 85 : Distribution Channels
Table 86 : Large And Advanced Battery Market Segmentation And Market Forces
Table 87 : Residential, Commercial And Military Fuel Cell Companies
Table 88 : Fuel Cell Purchasing Influences
Table 89 : Alternative Financing Options
Table 90 : Toyota Power Generating Unit Specifications
Table 91 : Batteries That Could Compete With Commercial, Industrial And Military Fuel Cells
Table 92 : Hydrogen Production Methods
List Of Figures
Summary Figure : Global Market Summary By Fuel Cell Type, Consensus Scenario, 2011-2017
Figure Sample Figure : Global Market Summary By Fuel Cell Type, Consensus Scenario, 2011-
2017
Figure 1 : Planar Sofc Configuration
Figure 2 : Thin-Film Sofc Configuration
Figure 3 : Tubular Sofc Configuration
Figure 4 : Total Global Sofc Market Projections By Sector, Consensus Scenario, 2011-2017
Figure 5 : Global Sofc Market Projections By Sector, Consensus Scenario, 2012
Figure 6 : Total Global Sofc Market Projections By Region, Consensus Scenario, 2011-2017
Figure 7 : Global Sofc Market By Region, Consensus Scenario, 2012
Figure 8 : Generic Pemfc Diagram Showing Components
11. Figure 9 : Schematic Dmfc Chemistry
Figure 10 : Total Global Pemfc Market Projections By Sector, Consensus Scenario, 2011-2017
Figure 11 : Global 2012 Pemfc Market Projections By Sector, Consensus Scenario, 2012
Figure 12 : Total Global Pemfc Market Projections By Region, Consensus Scenario, 2011-2017
Figure 13 : Global 2012 Pemfc Market Projections By Region, Consensus Scenario, 2012
Figure 14 : Global Other Fuel Cell Market Projections By Sector, Consensus Scenario, Through
2017
Figure 15 : Other Global Fuel Cell Market Projections By Sector, Consensus Scenario, 2012
Figure 16 : Global Other Fuel Cell Market Projections By Region, Consensus Scenario, 2011-2017
Figure 17 : Global Other Fuel Cell Market Projections By Region, Consensus Scenario, 2012
Figure 18 : Fuel Cell Manufacturing Tree
Figure 19 : Fuel Cell Manufacturing Flow
Figure 20 : Driving Down Costs For Fuel Cells
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