2. Czar Nicholas II
! Last Czar of Russia
! Exhausted nation’s economy by
involving Russia in WWI
! This left the Russian people
poor and starving, but the
Czar and his family lived
comfortably.
! The people were angry with
this, so they decided to
REVOLT!
3. Karl Marx
(1818 – 1883)
• He died long before
Revolution began, but his
political ideas of communism
lived on.
• Considered father of
communism
• People of Russia who
revolted adopted his ideas
4. Karl Marx
! Karl Marx - 1848 published
the Communist Manifesto with
Fredrich Engels
! This document advertised
Marx’s belief that pure
communism would be the
inevitable outcome of human
history
! “From each according to his
abilities, to each according to
his need.”
5. Communism
• Form of government
that has a classless
society
• Everyone is equal; no
rich and no poor
• The Bolsheviks, or
revolutionaries, adopted
this idea.
6. Bolsheviks
• The Bolsheviks - an organization formed by the
revolting people, or revolutionaries, of Russia.
• Bolsheviks were led by Vladimir Lenin.
7. Vladimir Lenin
• A revolutionary who led the
Bolsheviks (working class) to
freedom.
• They eventually were able to
overthrow the Czar.
8. Czar is Overthrown…
• With the rise of the Bolsheviks, the Czar was forced to give
up thrown
• In 1918, the Czar and his entire family, wife and 5 children,
were assassinated by an execution squad set up by the
revolutionaries
• The entire family was killed because they feared one of them
could rise to power again.
9. Lenin’s Death
• Lenin died in 1924,
leaving the Bolsheviks
leaderless.
• This caused a power
struggle between two other
revolutionaries, Leon
Trotsky and Joseph Stalin.
10. Leon Trotsky
• A revolutionary who was
popular with the people
• Wanted to make life better
for all by industrializing
Russia
11. Josef Stalin
• Lied to people to gain
support
• People believed his lies
and promises, so he beat
Trotsky in the power
struggle
• Stalin had Trotsky exiled
from Russia. He feared
Trotsky would try to regain
power, so he eventually
had him killed.
12. Stalin, cont’d…
• Stalin grew more and more
powerful over the years.
• He began eliminating
anyone who opposed him.
• He set up a secret police to
carry out his deadly orders.
13. NKVD (KGB)
• Stalin’s secret police
• Killed, tortured, starved,
intimidated anyone Stalin
ordered
• Completely loyal to Stalin
15. Examples of Totalitarian
governments and their
leaders
! Nazi Germany - Adolf Hitler
! Soviet Union - Joseph Stalin
! Italy - (Facist) Benito Mussolini
! Spain - Gen. Francisco Franco
16. Propaganda
-Propaganda: is a form of communication
that is aimed at influencing the attitude of a
community toward some cause or position.
-Stalin used this to keep his image in the
public eye positive
-He had a bureau dedicated to coming up
with new propaganda on a regular basis
creating pictures, statues, continuous praise
and applause for him.
17. Stalin’s Rule
• Stalin became so greedy, he
lost the original vision of the
revolutionaries
• Millions of innocent people
were killed under his rule
• Ironically, he made Russia
worse off than it had been
before the Czar
• Stalin became known as
one of the most ruthless
dictators in history,
comparable to Hitler