Surfing Culture's Counter Movement

Surfing- Counter Culture
In order to successfully understand the inexplicable surfer's lifestyle as a counter–culture to main
society, we must first have a greater knowledge of the ingredients that make this culture so different
in the views of the social norm. A counter–culture as described by Professor Chad Smith in the
second week of class is, "When subcultures specially stand in direct opposition to the dominant
culture of the society in which they are located, rejecting it's most important values and norms and
endorsing their opposites." As surfers began to express themselves more and more freely throughout
the 1950's and 1960's, the surfing sub–culture that was portrayed by the media, with retrospect to
Gidget and Beach Part, began to diminish in the eyes of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They would create little gimmicks that would further classify themselves as authentic and a bizarre
breed. The "Brown–eye" became a common sight to be seen around beach cities and surf spots, as
surfers would intentionally pull down their trunks and show their backsides to fellow surfers and the
onshore crowd. This however spread to the inter cites and by "1959 & 1960 in beach towns and the
L.A basin, cars passing by with a youth's bare posterior framed in the side window were a common
sight" (Irwin 22). Although their attitude was indeed a huge aspect in labeling the surf community as
a counter–culture, it did not stop there. Their personal image changed as they began to dress in a
way unconventional to society thus creating a distinction from others. Now at this point of the paper,
we need to look at another view of the surf counter–culture in order to examine both sides of its
complexity. Kristin Lawler believes that the thriving capitalism that came post WWII had a huge
effect on the growth and direction in which the surfing counter–culture took place. "The counter–
culture of the 1960s was welcomed by capitalist, who had already been getting pretty hip and
countercultural themselves" (Lawler 6). With the surfing community identified as rebels to
surrounding society, capitalism saw a need to supply these groups of radical individualists with
products that were suitable to their lifestyle. She states
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How Are Tncs Linked To Globalization?
The worldwide movement toward economic, financial, trade, and communications integration.
Globalization implies the opening of local and nationalistic perspectives to a broader outlook of an
interconnected and interdependent world with free transfer of capital, goods, and services across
national frontiers.
What is globalization?and also definition and meaning what ahs – BusinessDictionary.com
www.businessdictionary.com/definition/globalization.html Search for: What is the meaning of the
term globalization?
How new is the globalization?
How are TNCs linked to Globalisation?
What is globalization economics?
What is the definition of globalization with in sociology?
What is the origin of globalization?
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Globalisation | World | The Guardian ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Capital–intensive, corporate ...
How does globalisation affect women? pubs.socialistreviewindex.org.uk/isj92/horgan.htm
Globalisation has had such negative consequences for women and children that some commentators
argue that 'globalisation is a man'.2 They point to the way ...
Globalisation – Financial Times https://www.ft.com/topics/themes/Globalisation Globalisation
marches on without Trump. New wave of trade talks threatens to leave US isolated. Save. November
2, 2017. Free Lunch Martin Sandbu.
Globalisation Definition from Financial Times Lexicon lexicon.ft.com/Term?term=globalisation
This is the integration of economies, industries, markets, cultures and policy–making around the
world. [1]. Globalisation describes a process by which national ...
Globalisation marches on without Trump – Financial Times https://www.ft.com/content/d81ca8cc–
bfdd–11e7–b8a3–38a6e068f464 4 days ago – New wave of trade talks threatens to leave US
isolated.
Searches related to globalisation
globalisation

Marijuana Controversy Summary
This article discusses the actual controversy of marijuana uses, for both recreational and medical
purposes. McCarthy emphasizes on the opinion of different optometrists, who are concern because
patients are being asking questions related to marijuana uses and glaucoma, whether it is beneficial
or not to treat such disease. However, the American Academy of Ophthalmology does not have a
scientific evidence of marijuana effectiveness to treat glaucoma. In the 1970s different studies were
conducted, showing that marijuana could lower intraocular pressure. Nonetheless, doctors do not
back these studies, because medicinal marijuana can also make a weak intraocular pressure, and
even harm the nerve. As a result, he states that marijuana is an ineffective ... Show more content on
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Representatives Dana Rohrbacher, and Thomas Massie are among legislators who support a
legislative amendment to give states greater latitude concerning marijuana laws. They think of their
amendment as a reasonable one, because many doctors support the idea that medical marijuana
needs to be prescribed to alleviate the suffering of their patients. Representative Massie encourages
his colleagues to support the amendment. He highlights that research has shown very promising
results with the use of cannabis for epilepsy and some others neurological disorders. On the other
hand, Representative Frank Wolf disapproves with their opinion. Wolf is concerned that the public
and policymakers do not have an accurate understanding of the health and public safety impacts of
widespread marijuana availability. Providing different opinions given by the U.S House of
Representative members bring important points regarding to marijuana legalization, how can they
make and pass it as a federal law if some disagree with the

Philanthropy Reader By John Rockfeller
#2 In the book "Philanthropy reader", a variety of philanthropy philosophies are discussed;
However, in this class, we have talked about three different types of philanthropy, the types of
philanthropy are Effective altruism, philanthropic locals, and conservative philanthropy. Personally,
I believe that if every individual has the same philanthropy mindset, all of these would be successful
and solve social problems that the world is facing. Obviously, in today's society, everyone has their
beliefs and support a different kind of philanthropy. Personally, I am a supporter of all three
ideologies, because I think they go hand in hand. What I mean with "hand in hand" is the fact that
we all should start with taking care of ourselves and family before we start taking care of others. In
the book philanthropy reader, John Rockfeller argues about "The difficult art of giving", and he
states: "If people can be educated to help themselves, we strike at the root of many of the evils in the
world" (412). This shows that philanthropy starts by taking care of yourself, and when people
manage to look out for themselves, they can start looking out for other people as well. When it ...
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If I would donate my money, it would be with an intention of goodness of my heart, and not
something I would do to make myself feel better in one way or another. A problem in today's
society, is the fact that people do not give to help the people in need, they donate to make
themselves look good, and that is wrong. My reason for giving would be similar to Bill Gates,
because he found an issue that could help the most amount of people, and invested in it. If I would
give my money to a charity, it would be to a charity that I feel passionate about, because if I feel
passionate about something, I would put my heart and soul in it to make a significant

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Electoral System
The Oxford Dictionary (Oxforddictionaries.com, 2016) defines an election as "a formal and
organised choice by vote of a person for a political office or other position". This is the same in all
democratic countries, however, no two countries have the exact same procedure for carrying out
elections. There are many ways in which elections can differ from state to state, for example, does
the entire population have the same choice of people to vote for or is the voting based on
constituencies, or are people voting for individuals or a whole party. The variation between them lies
within the electoral systems employed in each of these countries. Electoral systems are simply the
rules of elections and how they are conducted. "The electoral system affects the type and level of
interaction between politicians and constituents" (PR STV and localism in Irish politics, 2011).
In Ireland, since gaining independence in 1922, representatives of Dáil Eireann have been elected by
proportional representation by single transferable vote (Gallagher, 2016). In 1937 it was set out in
Bunreacht na hEireann that "Dail Eireann shall be composed of members who represent
constituencies ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This representation can sometimes mean a member of the Dáil prioritises the good of their own local
people instead of what is best for the state. Candidates in the general election have to make certain
promises to their community in the hopes of being elected and if elected have to do their best to
ensure they will be re–elected by keeping their supporters content. This may not seem like such a
negative effect at first but it can result in "a parliament, weakened by its members' lack of focus on
national issues, and thereby unable to fully hold the government to account" (PR STV and localism
in Irish politics,

The French And Indian War
Following the conclusion of the French and Indian War, the American colonies remained wildly
disparate in their aims and social composition. However, the end of salutary neglect saw increased
cohesion among the various colonies as they banded together to resist British restrictions on rights.
However, various factions within colonial society hindered a unified movement. While the colonists
develop limited political, social, and economic unity based upon the rhetoric of revolution, on the
eve of the American Revolution, significant barriers to complete colonial unity existed. In response
to the common British oppression, a system of intercolonial committees of correspondence formed
to coordinate a unified American reaction. Based upon the Massachusetts model, Virginia
implemented the first intercolonial committee in 1773, and soon afterwards, committees appeared in
all thirteen colonies. Thus, the colonies began to display political unity as they sought a united
response. This unity was noted in a letter from Richard Lee in which he noted that all of North
America was firmly united and resolved to defend their liberties. (Doc. C) The idea of political unity
was also led to the creation of the First Continental Congress, in which 12 of the thirteen colonies
were represented. Although more convention than congress, this body was an important step
towards political unity. The Second Continental Congress, which convened in 1775 with all thirteen
colonies in attendance, is

Emergence And Divergence In Wales
'There was a widespread public expectation that devolution would bring greater policy innovation
and divergence between Scotland, Wales and the UK state.' This essay will assess the situation of
divergence and convergence in Wales with a specific focus on the period after the devolution
settlement. To fully answer the question the essay shall be divided into several sections. Firstly,
before attempting to answer the question it will illustrate what convergence and divergence are and
the distinct types of policy areas. It will then look at the choice and the reasons for use of the case
study in this essay which is the health policies of Wales. When answering the question this essay
will divide the question into two sections, the first part will ... Show more content on
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Policy divergence is when a policy area moves away from the original norm and thus countries
policies develop substantial differences and are seen more predominantly in policy areas since
devolution. The most relevant work for this essay is the scholar Michael Keating who categorises
these policy divergences and convergences into five different areas. The first is policy autonomy,
this is when a policy differs due to the specific local needs and preferences. A subset of this is policy
competition, this fits in with policy learning which will be discussed later. Policy competition is
when a policy divergence exists because there is competition between policies to show off the
innovation of administration, typical with a reconvergence around one idea at the end. Convergence,
on the other hand, is when these policy differences are minimal and policies are similar, the most
famous example of this is seen in the European Union in the last few decades. The first area of
convergence is policy uniformity, this is when all the administrations align due to an external
pressure such as establishing the International Criminal Court. The other key area of convergence is
concurrent policy when a policy is similar due to the similar internal conditions and needs. The last
type of policy Keating specified was the non–comparable policies examples are the Welsh language,
policy areas which don't exist in other parts of the devolved state. This will be sparsely used as non–
comparable policies do not typically exist within the UK health policy. The reason for the choice of
health care policies as a case study is due to the extensive interest in this topic. Health policy scholar
Scott Greer attributes this interest by scholars to the 'substantial autonomy and developing policy
differences.' Michael Sullivan goes further, suggesting that there is no clearer differentiation

Deliberative Democracy In Canada
According to Joshua Cohen (1997), deliberative democracy is the framework of social and
institutional conditions that facilitate free discussion among equal citizens, by providing favorable
conditions for participations, association...(p. 412) Deliberative democracy a term that is just
recently coming to light of different communities and countries throughout the globe. Deliberative
democracy is many things, it allows for development of new ideas, while establishing long lasting
results. It is localism. Localism is how people from the surrounding area come together to discuss
and change the future of a certain part of their community. One example of this is in the video that
as played in class. The community in Canada saw that mental health was a serious issue between
themselves and other members. To combat this problem they formed a collective to help set a
foundation for the future, to provide support and an overall health plan. People from the community
came together at feasts, workshops, radio any way to receive the most input from the ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The long term result allows for an overall satisfaction. As we see now in America, the government is
or are not passing laws that directly affect us for the better as thought by a number of individuals. It
can not be expected that a senate, or house will able to accurately and effectively represent such a
large population of diversity that America holds or even a small population as some states have.
However, one misconception that can be a challenge is that deliberation of democracy is thought to
only by advantageous when applied within a small group. However, large scale deliberative
democracy can effectively be done. One example of this is in the UK, small groups of randomly
chosen citizens came together as in a jury to deliberate on an issue. While not every one's voice in
the UK was being heard. The people, the average citizen's role in government has begun to take

A Critique of the Juliette Beck Speech Essay
A Critique of the Juliette Beck Speech Juliette Beck's speech, "Reclaiming Just and Sustainable
Communities in the Age of Corporate Globalization" neither adequately described the problems of
globalization as it is currently structured, nor did it provide any answers to the problems with it,
either the real problems that actually exist (labor and environmental exploitation) or the problems
that Beck purported (large corporations). Primarily, Beck's speech was flawed in that it was
incoherent and empirical incorrect. For instance 1) it purported the idea that globalization was "not
inevitable", 2) it called upon the myth of "small is beautiful", confusing the real problem with
globalization (Capitalist structure) with a false problem ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Localism, by its nature, cannot address problems that exist beyond local levels. Globalization, it
should be obvious, is one of these. Too bad for us on the left certain supposedly left political
analysts of global activity cannot pick up this basic truth.
Maybe part of the reason one analyst in particular is unable to realize the futility of localism is that
she has succumbed to the false romantic ideology that "small is beautiful". Much in the same way as
libertarians and conservative, Beck beat on the drum of Localism, relating to the audience the
'horrors' of such companies as Wal–Mart, Nike, and Starbucks. She advised us not to shop at these
as they (in the case of Wal–Mart) "drive out mom and pop stores" in local communities. As an
alternative, we should shop at locally own stores, and buy "fair–trade" coffee. One should not try to
persuade others into action on the basis of one's own guilt, for it is futile if one seeks structurally
change. But this is what Beck does, by personalizing the trauma (your local store vs. big nasty
corporate stores), and it is not effective. Instead of focusing on the problems of one order of
Capitalism (localism) vs. a different order of Capitalism (big business), one should realizes that it is
Capitalism itself that is the impetus of the problem, and that the Capitalist exploitation of the earth,
labor, and

Globalization and the Dependency Theory Essay example
Globalization became a worldwide phenomenon with the growth of market economy and
information technology. With globalization, the operators of companies and enterprises could use
resources, management, expertise, information and labour of the entire world to manufacture the
goods in the most appropriate areas, and then sell the produce to the areas which require them, to
accomplish the most favourable distribution of resources in the world. This caused enterprises and
countries to break out the boundaries of the local resources and markets, starting a competition with
others in a broader sense to accomplish development. Globalization brings states and regions
together by reducing the distances between each other and increasing the degree ... Show more
This unequal distribution has not only facilitated the developed or core states to progress and obtain
higher standards of living but also pave the way for them to keep doing it. Although it is right that
globalization promotes free trade among the states and unites them, but there are also negative
outcomes, which states whether rich or poor try to protect their own interests? These negative
outcomes of globalization have made the dependency theory significant in describing the state of
affairs in the present world. Poor countries attempt to protect their national markets and become
self–reliant (Hewison, 1999). Self–reliance can be seen as supporting a strategy of controlled
relations with the world economy. Poor nations should only approve relations on the condition that
the relations will enhance the societal and financial well being of the larger population. However,
endeavour by the peripheral states to oppose the impact of dependency can result in results in
financial sanctions and/or military attack (Sen, 2010). One example of such resentment against
globalization is "localism"that surfaced during the financial crisis in Thailand (Hewison, 1999).
Localism is an illustration of populist response to the changes and disparities created by
globalization. Localism gained substantial energy from the Thai King's speech in 1997, where he
recommended a self–contained economy to counter the negative effects

The Alternative Food Movement In North America
The alternative food movement in North America, manifesting largely through farmers' markets,
encourages people to buy local, eat organic, and to support local farmers, however these spaces are
rarely reflective of the diverse population of farmers and buyers in the city (Gibb & Wittman, 2013).
Moving from a personal to a political narrative, localisation is presented as the way to address social
injustices and environmental degradation, working against our current destructive global agri–food
system (Allen 2004,2010). Advocating for individuals to buy local organic food is seen as 'voting'
for "healthier more authentic lives while making positive social and environmental change" (Alkon
& Agyeman, 2011:2). Consequently, the concept of 'local' food and 'just' food are viewed
interchangeably by certain actors in the food movement through the increasing integration of the
word "justice" into their webpages, non–profit names, and programs (DuPuis, Harrison, &
Goodman, 2011). However, I argue that the conflation of local food as "just" by alternative food
movements in North America reinforces racial inequities and excludes those most harmed by the
current food system, particularly low–income communities and communities of color. As such, this
paper proposes the concept of "reflexive localism" as proposed by DuPuis, Harrison, & Goodman
(2011) as an approach to address this process of exclusion.
Alternative food movements that promote localisation of food risk re–enforcing racial

Rudyard Oakman's Influence On An American Culture
Rudyard Coltman got his start at the Eltrym Theater in Baker City, OR. This tiny, pastel art deco
theater would be the jumping–off point for a small business empire.
––––
The year is 1975, and the film industry's catalyst is Steven Spielberg's Jaws. Millions of people
packed into air–conditioned theaters to escape the summer heat, and thus the summer blockbuster,
and an American tradition, is born. Along with mall culture and fast food, summer movie–going
seems inherent to the culture of the United States, indicative of the values of mass consumption as
well as the prioritization of convenience.
Enter another American value: fiscal localism. Also known as: Buy Local, Eat Local, Go Local.
Which takes us straight to Cinetopia.
––––
Rudyard, a former business lawyer, had an eye for grandeur and an appetite for film. ... Show more
He must have been talking about Regal Cinemas, another Vancouver staple. Headquartered north of
Knoxville, Tennessee, Regal is the face of faceless corporate theatrical entertainment. It's also
cheaper than Cinetopia, the negative tax of consumerism that lowers quality but exponentially
increases quality. Perhaps Regal senses the threat faced by Cinetopia's luxury theatrical experience,
as it acquired a small chain of theaters located in Kansas City, which happens to be the same
location of the only Cinetopia outside the Vancouver–Portland metro area. Coincidence? You decide.

Comcast Universal Merger Case Study
Company and Situation
In December 2009, Comcast announced its intent to acquire a majority stake in the media
conglomerate NBC Universal from General Electric (GE). The planned acquisition was subject to
scrutiny from activists and government officials; their concerns primarily surrounded the potential
effects of the vertical integration that the acquisition could create, as Comcast is also heavily
involved in cable television and internet services in many media markets. The deal went through,
resulting in Comcast owning 51% of the company until March 2013, when GE divested its stake to
give Comcast sole ownership.
Comcast CEO Brian L. Roberts described the deal as a "perfect fit" for the company, as Comcast
would be able to bolster its role as a creator and distributor of content, with a particular emphasis on
" multiplatform anytime, anywhere media that American consumers are demanding"; increasing
access to NBC–owned content through various platforms. The deal would also add Comcast's own
cable channels to NBCU's existing suite of cable networks, contributing to 82% of the merged
company's total revenue. Despite the focus ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ownership remained split at 51% to 49% for four years. Then, on February 12, 2013, Comcast
announced its intention to complete the purchase all at once and assume 100% ownership of the
company by the end of March.
The acquisition was completed March 19, 2013. The video marketplace has changed structurally
with or without Comcast–NBC acquisition. More and more videos, programs and advertisements are
displayed on the Internet, not the traditional media channel, television. The video business model
has gradually changed as time goes by. Comcast has reached such a significant scale that it now
owns a huge large amount of media and entertainment properties. However, facing the uncertainty
of video marketplace, many people proposed their

Capital Punishment Debate Summary
A link between the perceptions of people who are considered to be different in local communities
and the rate of Capital Punishment is discussed.
In Dr. Paul Kaplan's lecture, "He Never Had a Chance: Capital Defendants in Contexts of Racist
Fear", given at Faylor Hall at 7 p.m. March 30, Kaplan shared some of his thoughts on how Capital
Punishment is viewed in states and why there are higher rates of execution in certain regions of the
United States, specifically in the South. Kaplan studied Capital Punishment cases in Jefferson
County, AL which is in the top 15 of counties outside of Texas for executions. The lecture was
presented by the Alrin M. Adams Center for Law and Society
In a crowd of around 170 listeners, Kaplan explained that he ... Show more content on
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The example that he gave was the Chinese Government which executes people who did not commit
violent crimes. The exact numbers of executions in China are a closely guarded secret within the
Chinese Government, but it is estimated that there are anywhere from 2,000 to 10,000 executions
annually. Rather the United States is similar to the Japanese Government, which according to
Kaplan, has the option of Capital Punishment available, but rarely uses it.
Dr. Paul Kaplan is a professor at San Diego State University's School of Public Affairs. Before he
became a professor he was a former capital crimes mitigation investigator for the California State
Public Defender. Kaplan studied at the University of California–Irvine where he holds a doctoral
degree in Criminology and Socio–Legal Studies. He has written numerous publications including
Murder Stories: Ideological Narratives in Capital Punishment.
The lecture was sponsored by Arlin M. Adams Center for Law and Society. The Society was
dedicated to Judge Arlin M. Adams who had served 17 years on the 3rd U.S. Circuit Court of
Appeals. The Society was established in 2001 as a way to help Susquehanna University students
study the criminal justice

Creation Of The Bill Of Rights
Creation of the Bill of Rights and Amendments Colonists longed for a different type of government
before, during, and after the Revolutionary War. Before the war, the power stayed within the hands
of the King. Many years later, a document called the Articles of Confederation was created. The
creation of the articles was one of the strategies taken to merge the colonies in becoming one nation.
The articles were supposed to help the governmental problems at this point in time. However, this
particular document had several weaknesses and was not sufficient enough for the colonists. The
weakness that the colonists focused on the most was the lack of power within the central
government. With many of the colonists following behind Whigs' ideology on the creation of their
future government and how things should be carried out, aided them in their views on the Articles of
Confederation. Whigs' Ideology Whig ideology evolved over the course of the Revolutionary War
due to English, American, and Revolutionary Whigs. Schweikart & Allen (2014) state that the
English Whigs adopted the concept that everyone was created equally and deserved equal rights and
opportunities (p. 98), which is also known as egalitarianism. The English Whigs were firm believers
in having the government small and closer to home. The American Whigs preferred that the
legislative should remain the most powerful as it was in the Articles of Confederation. Schweikart &
Allen (2014) suggest in the following quote

Analysis Of Moody Streets : Analyzing The Duality Of...
Moody Streets: Analyzing the Duality of Atmospheres in Soho, London
Founded as hunting grounds, Soho, whose name is believed to be derived from an old hunting cry,
has historically been known as a fashionable district (Noble). The days of masked balls, grand
houses, and wealthy aristocrats of the 1600s had faded to the domestication of Soho, to becoming a
center for the bohemians in the 1940s onwards. Today, Soho has moved from a place where Karl
Marx and Friedrich Engels could debate capitalism, to a sex–center where drag queens are
advertised by name (Thornbury). In this essay, I will explore how Soho has evolved to have dual
atmospheres living side by side. The dual atmospheres that will be discussed through descriptive
language and ethnographic observation are the majority (tourist hub) and minority (local Soho).
Atmosphere will be defined in the terms that help "in thinking about intensities of feeling and
emotion that swirl through cities; they can imbue public spaces with a sense of collective well being,
but also with a sense of unease or even outrage" (Koch and Latham). This essay will also argue how
the majority atmosphere poses a threat to the minority atmosphere.
At the intersection between Moor Street and Old Compton Street sits an American–themed diner:
Ed's. Ed's offers cramped seating, devilish milkshakes, and an endless array of songs that range from
1960s Beach Boys to 1980s American soul. If Ed's is supposed to be exotic, it lacks any of the

Clear Channel and the Cultural and Socio-Political...
Clear Channel and the Cultural and Socio–Political Ramifications of Media Consolidation
I.INTRODUCTION
In 1996, Congress passed the Telecommunications Act thereby lifting restrictions on media
ownership that had been in place for over sixty years (Moyers 2003; Bagdikian 2000: xviii). It was
now possible for a single media company to own not just two radio stations in any given local
market, but eight. On the national level, there was no longer any limit on the number of stations a
company could own – the Act abandoned the previous nation–wide ownership cap of forty stations
(20 FM and 20 AM). This "anti–regulatory sentiment in government" has continued and in 2004 the
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) approved a new rule that ... Show more content on
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2004: 3; Chen 2003).
While the phenomenon of rampant media consolidation made possible by the government's
deregulatory practices has been greeted with general enthusiasm by the corporate world, it has left
others in society gravely concerned. Media critics and cultural studies observers have voiced
concerns over the negative consequences they believe accompany the phenomenon. They see the
erosion of the idea that radio is to serve the public interest; they see a stifling of diversity and less
choice for the consumer; and they see a threat to American democracy in the form of a possibly
insurmountable corporate media hegemony. And for many, Clear Channel is "the 'poster child' for
what's wrong with media deregulation" (Cornell Univ. 2004: 66).
Unfortunately however, a February 2004 poll by the Pew Research Center found that "72 percent of
the public has heard nothing about the media ownership [and consolidation] debate" (Connell 2004).
Understanding how corporate mergers and consolidation affect the way in which the media function
(especially in the realms of production and distribution) and how the media in turn directly impacts
our society, our culture, our economy, and our politics – in short, our entire lives – is a necessary

The New Challenge Of Spatial Planning Essay
The new challenge of spatial planning in UK–––localism dilemmas
1. Introduction:
The planning system in England has been subject to dramatic shifts when the Coalition government
was reselected after almost 70 years since 2010. (Gallent, Nick & Hamiduddin, Iqbal & Manuela
Madeddu, 2013) This may be proved that the localism can have a significantly impact on urban
planning or spatial area field especially after the Localism Bill was promoted and enacted in
Parliament on November 2011. However, considerable of key questions had been raised with the
implementation of Localism Act: what kind of impact the localist planning have on spatial area and
whether it is a proper formation for the contemporary English spatial planning to practice localism.
This assignment will try to find out what localism is and demonstrate the impact of localism in
England. The aim of this assignment is not only to address these questions but also in purpose of
assessing the advantages and disadvantages of localism to demonstrate the achievements that spatial
planning can earn from the localism.
This paper will begin by focusing on the development of localism in England. It will then illustrate
the spatial city planning in England. The third part will be comparison of the positive or negative
influence the localism has on English spatial planning. The aim is to show whether it is appropriate
framework for English planning system to promote localism. The following part will show the
conclusion,

Another Turn of the Crank by Wendell Berry Essay
Another Turn of the Crank by Wendell Berry Wendell Berry's Another Turn of the Crank is about
sustainability of the environment. He believes that you must first start at a local level then
sustainability can be accomplished at a global level. This is the same idea that was expressed at the
start of this course, "think globally, act locally," which means the consequences of our actions effect
the world. As I address the some of the chapters in the book I will associate how Berry's ideas link
into the material discussed in this class. Farming and the Global Economy is the first chapter of the
book. He starts with the history of farmers during WWII. The farmers were quickly becoming a
minority because the nation was not supportive ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Times magazine reported in 1910 there were 32 million farmers living on farms and in 1991 32
percent of farm managers and 86 percent of farmers did not live on the farm that they took care of.
Now there isn't even an agricultural class. The book goes on to talk about "rape and run" logging in
Montana. We talked about the "fly by night" corporations in class. Both are the same just different
terminology. In Montana, the Champion International Corp. went on a tree cutting binge in
Montana, which leveled forests. They then left leaving behind million of people unemployed and
over 1,000 square acres stripped. This leaves people poor and the land trashed. This is only one case,
but I know we talked about this in class. These corporations suck everything they can out of a
community until there isn't anything left for them. They decided to leave one day and never think
twice about the people. That's why Berry has come up with a list of actions a community can do to
help their own community flourish. I won't list them all, but I will name a few important ones like:
always put local needs first, develop small scale industries, strive to produce as much of the
community's own energy as possible, see that the old and young take care of each other, and so on.
These actions would help a community grow stronger in many ways. Conserving Forest
Communities deals with forestry in Kentucky. Berry is from

Analysis Of John Womack's Zapata And The Mexican Revolution
The Mexican Revolution brought multiple parties and movements out of the woodwork. In John
Womack's Zapata and the Mexican Revolution, a story of one state's drive for agrarian reform and
its people's evolving mission was told, with Emiliano Zapata as a pivotal leader. The dynamics of
the revolution, however, reach deeper than Womack's account portrays. While Womack documents
the revolutionary path of the Zapatistas from the southern state of Morelos, the story of Pancho
Villa, an arguably parallel character fighting for states in the North against the repressive powers of
General Victoriano Huerta, reads more as a subplot. The writings of Samuel Brunk, Ana Maria
Alonso, and Mariano Azuela shed light on the less simplistic dynamics of ... Show more content on
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His careful language exemplifies a quasi–diplomatic approach in controlling his followers. Brunk
also emphasizes that "many other jefes [...] resented what Zapatista headquarters had become: the
centralizing product of Zapata's interaction with urban intellectual parties" (350). This internal
struggle stemming different actor's perspective on what was happening to Zapatismo provides a
more nuanced look at a pivotal group in the Mexican Revolution.
The image of a somewhat cohesive revolutionary party working towards peace put forth by Womack
draws a stark line between the "bandit" enemy described by General Huerta and the Zapatistas.
Brunk, in his writings on Zapata, challenges this narrative by exploring the gray space that does not
allow for easy delineation between revolutionaries and bandits. Rather than existing as an arbitrary
offshoot of Zapatismo, "banditry represented the pursuit of local political (and economic) goals"
(Brunk, 349). Womack does acknowledge the "insoluble village rivalries that only compromise
could ease", but does not relate them directly to feuds involving bandits (Womack, 233). The nature
of local politics was arguably defined by the multiplicity of intrinsic power struggles over local
democratization.
As "each jefe sought to delegitimize the other in the eyes of Zapatista headquarters and this to gain
an advantage in the local power struggle", a similar struggle emerged among

Charlemagne Essay
During the years of St. Augustine, the Roman Empire fell in the west. It was being replaced by
regional barbarian kingdoms, and was entering what some historians call the dark ages. It was a
traditional, authoritative empire, with vast free–trade and a centralized government. It transformed
into a Europe of economic localism, and filled with a minority of educated people. It was now a
Christian Europe. A very important person during this new Europe was the Frankish king
Charlemagne. His rule was known throughout the world, and Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne
the "Emperor of the Romans." On top of this title, he still held all of his other titles. Charlemagne
made tons of contributions during this time in Europe. He had ... Show more content on
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He loved foreigners, and made sure to provide protection for them. The power of the Franks was of
great proportion. In effect, the Greeks were very jealous of this power. They had this little saying.
"Have the Franks as your friends, but not for your neighbor." He treasured the values of the
Christian religion. He was brought up under these beliefs. He was very generous with the poor, and
provided alms for them. In his older years, he grew old and tired. Before he died, he gave his crown
to his only living son, Louis, King of Aquitania.
We now leave this in–depth description of Charlemagne given by Einhars, and take a look at a new
essay by Fichtenau entitled "A New Portrait of Charlemagne." Instead of describing Charlemagne as
Einhard does, we find that Fichtenau's essay rather rebuilds Charlemagne. Fichtenau talks about
how things like his personality were strung together in the wrong way by Einhard. He talks about
how his personality is predictable, because all Emperors must have the same values. He talks of how
in generosity, as Einhard's description showed as being out of the kindness of his heart, was actually
a result of what actions would follow his generous jesters. Fichtenau uses his whole essay to rebuild
Charlemagne to what kind of ruler he believes he is. He does say that without the great ruling and
personality of Charlemagne, then it would have taken generations for this empire to reach its peak.
"What remains is

Crime And Punishment During The Elizabethan Era
Crime and Punishment Draft The topic of crime has been booming in modern day news. Stories of
"corrupt policemen" and sexual misconduct allegations have flooded social media and everyday
conversation, but crime has always been a large aspect of society. However, modern day laws have
been overall consistent for a long period of time. During the Elizabethan era, many new crimes and
punishments were created by a growing development and knowledge. Accordingly, the evolution of
law grew dramatically during the Elizabethan age.
Laws originated from localism and were often controlled by ecclesiastical courts until the medieval
age ended. Laws were influenced heavily by the idea of localism, which commonly revolved around
the need for local goods, local government, and a local justice system. Often crime was defined by
ecclesiastical courts; crimes involving morality or violations of the church's conception of sin were
handled locally. However, after the introduction of Roman law, the power to define crime became a
duty of the ruler (Brackett, John 1999). The state had complete authority to define crimes, even
crimes of morality. The accusatorial method had been the popular choice until the introduction of
the inquisitorial method which was based on Roman law. However, it was said "This form of
prosecution gave little power to judges." (Crime and Punishment 2004).
Crimes and punishments were often made to be equal for both commoners and aristocrats. Crimes
were divided by the

Ap Euro Democratization Analysis
1. Democratization process in 19–20th century Europe Democracy, so essential a feature of
European countries today, had had to make a bumpy and potholed journey. Basically in all European
countries, democracy was nebulous and uncertain in the 19th century, albeit in varying degrees. In
Britain, a parliamentary democracy was very much in full bloom, but the inherent love and pride of
the British people for their monarchy pre–empted a switch to a full–fledged democratic form of
government. As a result, these democratic institutions functioned under a monarchy that controlled
the largest empire of the day. In France, the scene was different. In the absence of democratic
institutions of the kind Britain had nurtured, the governance the French

Analysis Of The Documentary Cronulla Riots
Australia claims to be an egalitarian land of equal opportunity; however, the documentary Cronulla
Riots suggests that it is not applicable to all of its citizens. Especially for those Muslim Australians
who lived 26km away from South of Sydney CBD during 11th Dec. 2005 – 15th Dec. 2005. They
were ill disposed to their fellow White Australians living down the street from them. For them,
tensions grew day by day. People affected by Cronulla Riots in any manner were 'out of the frying
pan, and were into the fire', when the documentary displayed Prime Minister John Howard declaring
the riots as "un–Australian". He made us believe that his view was optimistic and disagrees that
there is underlying racism in Australia. Now, an iconic, non–judgmental documentary Cronulla
Riots voices the untold story. We are invited to believe their voices as they believe the riots as "un–
Australian", just like John Howard. Having first aired on SBS, 2014, director, Jaya Balendra,
focuses her documentary on the traumatic experience that local Australians faced in Cronulla, New
South Wales. When we view the award–winning documentary Cronulla Riots, we are questioned
about the values and ethics of being Australian. Everyone either young or old, male or female,
Middle–Eastern or White, living on Australian soil are questioned about the embodiment of
Australian values. Therefore, the documentary successfully achieved its purpose on questioning the
viewers of being Australian. This can be best

Kotkin There's No Place Like Home Summary
In the essay "There's No Place Like Home," Joel Kotkin describes the new increasingly popular
trend of "localism". Localism is the idea that adults and children become accustomed to where they
are living and are more prompted to stay there. The basis of his premise states "the longer people
stay in their homes and communities, the more they identify with those places" (490). The comfort
and familiarity people feel in their community leads local businesses and institutions to survive and
prosper. The cause of new localism is primarily based on age, suburbanization, the Internet, and an
increased centralization of family life. According to Kotkin, "family and technology are two key
factors working against nomadism" (491). With ongoing economic ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The majority of Americans still live in small suburban towns instead of metropolitan areas. While a
person can be subject to a specific community, they may not feel a part of a bigger society. On a
local level, people may feel pride in their community, but are less connected to people around them.
This connects back with Lovenhiem's observation that many of his neighbors do not closely
associate with one another. He observed that his neighbors do not willing interact with each other,
even though they all tied to a specific locality. While Lovenhiem found that it is possible to reunite
these neighborhood ties, it is up to the individual to make the decision of whether or not they wish to
be involved in a community

Civil War Workers
By the time of the Civil War, the United States was beginning to rearrange itself from an agrarian
region into that of an industrial nation. However, the United States did not enter the Industrial Age
smoothly, rather it took years to understand the complexities of industry and would primarily be
located within the northern region of the country. United States law had not yet been able to wrangle
these new opportunities and resulted in companies taking advantage of desperate workers who were
in need of a job. The Civil War would take its toll on these workers and would create new areas of
work, prospects for women and immigrants to work, and would give birth to some of the first
unions. By the end of the Civil War, it was clear that the North ... Show more content on
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Many of the profits that were promised to ease the burden of workers went to the millionaires that
benefited from having a poor population under their control. The thousands of immigrants that came
into the United States during the Civil War, causing jobs to become scarce, also threatened the
native–born workers. Former slaves that escaped slavery and headed to the North to find jobs also
faced discrimination, as racist feelings and fear over job security mingled with each other. Many
instances would have the black community targeted with violence, such as an instance in 1862
where Irishmen would clash with black workers (Paludan, 182). These clashes would begin to cause
unrest among the working population of the North, causing the beliefs that many held over the
necessity of the Civil War to begin to

United Cereal Essay
United Cereal was an organization embodied with a strong set of core values. They believed in
commitment, diligence and loyalty; attracted people to work for the company and promoted
managers from within. Their managers were committed to "The UC Way" and certain deeply rooted
beliefs like:
"Listen to the customer"–led them to pioneer the use of research and focus groups.
"Spot the trend, make the market"– led then to place high value on extensive market testing prior to
launching new products.
"Honoring the past and embracing the future"–gave them a high regard for product development and
innovation in marketing.
To be able to answer whether the Eurobrand cereal was truly viable we first must be clear about
what was the cereal ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Country Managers from United Cereal could guide them with their vast experience of being
close to the local consumer and at the same time not feel that their autonomy had been challenged.
After planning her strategy Lora Brill would need to impress her innovative ideas and learning's to
all the concerned individuals. She would need to impress on the need for and the opportunity
available for change. A desire for change is a sign of safety. The Net Income of United Cereal has
been steadily declining over the years. Their operational costs are increasing and they need to
manage their SG&A. Eurobrand is the opportunity that could be the answer to their troubles. She
should show her ability to implement her plan by diffusing the response throughout the organization.
Brill must make a list of all the concerns that were raised by Kurt Jaeger, Lou (through Olsen) Jorge
Sanchez and James Miller. She would need to tell them about the Centralized European Market
Strategy being much more effective today because of the converging consumer tastes, old cultural
habits disappearing and EU regulations eroding market differences. She could talk about the risk–
reward premium and allay Sanchez's concern about finances. She could talk about giving the
subsidiaries time to set their affairs in order to prepare for the launch. Even Lou's concerns about
consumers and market research would be addressed by performing them in preparation to the

Attack And Die Book Review
In terms of considering why the Southern Confederacy lost the Civil War, Grady McWhiney and
Perry Jamieson have published an interestingly well–researched book that offers a fresh, new
interpretation for southern defeat. In Attack and Die, McWhiney and Jamieson submit that the
foremost reason for southern defeat came from an aggressive southern heritage that was steeped in a
culture taken from their ancestors, the Celts. McWhiney and Jamieson offer another, more salient
reason why the Confederacy lost the Civil War. Because "Southerners were imprisoned in a culture
that rejected careful calculation and patience, often refusing to learn from their mistakes," the real
reason the Confederates lost was because the offensive warfare that was so foundational to
Confederate wartime strategy, also known as the Celtic charge, ... Show more content on
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Drawing on statistics of Confederate and Union losses as well as personal accounts from
southerners, the two authors expertly craft their book while fully utilizing both primary and
secondary sourcing to back up their

Social Welfare Policy Of America
Social welfare policy that is seen throughout America today has roots that are hundreds of years old.
The modern policy in America has been based on five fundamental traditions that were brought
from Britain when they colonized North America. Those five traditions are Calvinism, Localism,
controlling the mobility of the workforce, reliance on poor houses and work houses, and less
eligibility. These traditions will be defined and then connected to the influence they have had on the
modern American social policy.
Calvinism is the first social policy tradition that the British brought to America with them. The idea
of Calvinism allowed the poor to be understood per their character. When working hard and
prospering an individual was destined to be rich; however, if an individual was poor and suffering
that was what they were destined to be. Calvinism brought light to the idea that an individual's
station could be improved if they were hard working and had the capability to save money. While
the social mobility was suggested, Calvinism also looked at poverty in a way that had to with the
poor individual's moral failings as the cause of the poverty that the individual experienced (Blau &
Abramovitz, 2014).
In modern social welfare policy, Calvinism can be seen during President Reagan's time in office. He
saw those that failed and were relying on social welfare programs as getting what they deserve.
During his time in office, he condemned most of the social welfare programs,

The Colonization Of The 13 Colonies
As you should already know, the 13 Colonies were colonized by Great Britain. This meant the
colonists were still British citizens and had to listen to the king's orders. What government there was
in America wasn't very good. The king appointed a governor for every colony. He was given the
power to do whatever he wanted. He could even overrule the assembly of that colony. The British
Parliament decided to redo everything in America, mostly because they were in debt and needed
money bad. At this point in time, Britain is about 57,000,000 pounds in debt. King George III is
onboard with raising the taxes, first in Britain and then in the colonies. They introduce the Stamp
Act into the colonies which has already been around in Britain. They also brought the Sugar Act into
action. Another thing King George III decided to do was stop the colonies from expanding any
further west, stopping at the Appalachian Mountains. This is called the Proclamation of 1763. The
colonists kept moving further west causing wars with Native Americans which was costing Britain
lots of money and they were breaking treaties that were in place with the Natives. All three of those
things angered the colonists. Soon after, a man named Sam Adams came along with this thing called
"The Plan". He thinks Britain is planning on taking all the American's rights, money, and they are all
going to end up in jail. Sam saw the Stamp Act as an infringement of their rights when they have the
same tax in Britain.

Response To Television In The 1950's
Secondly, there was a level of criticism brought against television from people who feared that
television could, "have an array of devastating effects on family relationship and the efficient
functioning of the household." (Edgerton, p. 94) Also, educators were concerned on children's
increased time watching television. Educators argued that children had to pay full attention to the
television, and this took them away from important tasks such as homework. Television response to
this was to make television into the daily habit. With increased numbers of televisions in household
there will be less resistance against it. These efforts proved to be successful as we saw in the mid
1950's, a majority of families purchased TV sets and the novelty ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Edgerton notes that, "TV was a fantasy "bomb shelter" kind of escape, featuring showgirls and
dancing puppets – a perfect tranquilizer for a nation worried about Commies at the door and
subversives under the bed. And yet it brought the reality of war, politics, and the real world into
pristine suburban living rooms." (Edgerton, p. 109) We see this correlate with the example of
Television historian Horace Newcomb upbringing in a small town in Mississippi in the early 1950's
with the exposure of television. Newcomb recalled that, "television intruded into his life at age nine
and irreversibly altered his experience of what he terms his region ideology, racial attitudes, and
localism. Watching African American prizefighters, comedies, and dramas, Korean War news
broadcast, atomic bombs denotations, and the whole parade if television programming offered a
perspective on the world at large that rarely found in other media, other forms. " (Edgerton, p. 109).
Here, we see a person being able to see parts of the world he would have never seen if it was not for
television. A broader perspective was gain for Newcomb was able to attain information from
television that was more than just words, but with images. He described seeing atomic bombs being
detonated. If he merely heard one's description of this over radio, he would not have the full grasp of
how devastating and grim an atomic bomb can be. Attainment of a broader perspective provided the
platform from American society to evolve and

Stages of Human Nature Essay
"the more profoundly a man thinks, the more tenderly he feels, the more highly he rates himself, the
greater the distance grows between him and the other animals– the more he appears as the genius
among the animals–the closer he will get to the true nature of the world and to a knowledge of it:
this he does in fact do through science." ~Friedrich Nietzsche1
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Stages of Human Nature Throughout history, human beings have encountered many changes that
have altered the way society has viewed them. The cruel hands of history, which constantly hold the
foundation of the mind and the spirit, have shaped human nature. Knowledge is the tool by ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He is what history makes him. History keeps him in constant movement. For many people in the
early 18th century, life was based on subsistence living. An individualís human nature was dictated
by their bloodline and their social position was secured by birth. If a man was born a peasant, he
stayed a peasant, and he died a peasant. This theory of blood can be summed up in one statement:
"You are what you bleed." People viewed their environment within the confines of localism, which
is limiting life to a locality, and described it as ìnasty, brutish, and shortî because of the subsistence
lifestyle they led in an agrarian, nature–based society. An individualís inherent qualities, their ways
of life, the very spirit of his nature, were completely encumbered to the process of survival. The
individual did not exist to express their being or their mind. The difficulties of this life led to
collectiveness among people of common blood. Human ingenuity, the desire to be free, and the
ability to reason for themselves, instead of living by the divinely bestowed power of an absolute
monarch, did not exist in the first half of the 18th century. Human nature was bland, oppressed, and
uncreative. It was contained within the walls of ancestry, chained by subsistence and localism, and
oppressed by a central rulerís power that could not be questioned because of the fear of God.
Despite the chains of a difficult lifestyle that human nature endured,

Defensive Localism
The resist of white through the civil rights movement can be seen through defensive localism,
southern strategy and the war on drugs. Since the late 19th century white American have been
fighting to keep control over black Americans. White supremacy can be defined as the belief that
white people are superior to other races. Defensive localism is the connection between the
racialization and monetization of space. An all white neighborhood had a higher property value than
an all black one. White homeowner felt that having a black family in their neighborhood would
lower the property value. Southern strategy was the republican party way to gain political support in
the south by appealing to racism against blacks. A great example of someone who

Buying Local: Can it work? Essay
According to the United Nations Populations Fund, US citizens eat on average 260 pounds of meat
per person. In the past five years the argument that mass–produced meat is a key cause in manmade
global warming has gained a great deal of steam. Many environmentalists have been pushing the
idea of vegetarianism by pointing out what is wrong with meat–eating. Emissions, feed supply for
animals, and animal welfare are what James McWilliams argues in Bellying up to Environmentalism
why meat should not be consumed. He writes that, "it takes a gallon of gasoline to produce a pound
of conventional beef...and if all of the grain that is used to feed animals went to people, you could
feed China and India.(McWilliams A21)" Ranchers, farmers, and ... Show more content on
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Meat eaters consume soy indirectly, while vegetarians on the other hand eat soy directly. Soy is
main ingredient in tofu and contains high amounts of proteins, which many vegetarians lack due to
not eating meat. So even though vegetarians believe they are doing their part, they are creating
emissions by eating soy. McWilliams say that, "To quit eating meat is to dismantle the global food
apparatus at its foundation." McWilliams really is out of touch, would it not be easier to just feed
animal's grains grown near the farms and would it not save more resources if vegetarians used soy
closer to home instead of halfway across the world. Food is not the problem, the problems lie in the
way food is transported. Localism would cut down on transportation immensely because food would
not have to be transported across the world. Factory farming has created more methane gas,
evidence proves this. Before 1970 methane gas from manure was negligible, but due to the rapid rise
in factory farming liquefied manure pools became in vogue and consequently methane gas
skyrocketed in the atmosphere according to Niman. The problem lies in agribusiness corporations
trying to meet increased demands for meat products in the past half century. Companies created the
idea of factory farming to meet this demand which had unintended consequences. If we were to go
back to a pre 1970's model of

Diction, Images And Irony In Langston Hughes The Negro...
Kamel Alghiryafi
ENGL 2328
Rachel Hebert
2 December 2017
Diction, Images and Irony in Hughes's "The Negro Speaks of Rivers"
"The Negro Speaks of Rivers" is Langston Hughes' most anthologized poem. It is one of Hughes'
most punctual poems, and its subject built up the accentuation of a lot of his consequent poetry.
"The Negro Speaks of Rivers" fixates on African and negritude themes. Hughes' composition
dependably indicates recognizable proof with Africa, and his later poetry on African subjects and
African themes demonstrates his developing refinement and learning of the history and issues of
Africa. Alongside its accentuation on African themes, this poem so piercingly and dramatically
communicates being a black American that it guarantees Hughes' proceeding with fame. ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The muddy Mississippi influences Hughes to consider the parts that rivers have played in human
history. The initial three lines present the subject of the poem. The essential image of water
emblematically speaks to the history of humanity, recognizing the way that rivers are more old in
the history of the earth: "I've known rivers; I've known rivers ancient as the world and older than the
flow of human blood in human veins" (Hughes, Line 1–2). The following line associates the poet
with the river and recognizes the impact of waterways on the history of the African American: "My
soul has grown deep like the rivers" (Line, 3). This line is rehashed toward the finish of the poem,
restoring the association between the human embodiment and the river and in addition the river's
part in African American

Analysis Of Hurston 's ' The Sea Tempest '
Dialect can be characterized as verbalized variant of the dialect , having perceived attributes. It has a
local and frequently class dialect with the particular utilization of lexicon, grammar,and
elocution.Dialect not just avails the per user to visually perceive what day and age, district
,culture,etc. the character originate from yet the utilization of dialect supplementally makes the
characters in the novel appear to be genuine; they get to be distinctly plausible.
Hurston utilizes dialect to bring the story and adscititious the characters to life. In the wake of
making some underlying alterations as a per utilize to get comfortable with the dialect, perusers feel
as though they were genuinely a component of the activity. It is paramount that the dialect utilized
as a component of the novel is more homogeneous to a Southern vernacular, as opposed to an
African–American dialect. Not just do Janie, Tea Cake, and their companions have comparative
discourse designs, adscititious the gatekeepers who charge Tea Cake after the sea tempest verbalize
in an equipollent dialect. Hurston 's nature with the dialect of the South empowers her to precisely
delineate the dialect of the locale. "Ah see you is. Gal, you sho looks good." This quote taken from
page four of the book. The reader can optically discern from the way they verbalize that they are
more than likely uneducated and have a southern magnetize to their intonation. Subsequently, the
dialect establishes how the characters

Electoral Reform Of Canada Through A Mixed Electoral...
The need for Electoral Reform in Canada Through a Mixed Electoral System
Altering the electoral system would undoubtedly benefit Canada in numerous ways through the use
of a mixed electoral system using proportional representation and alternative voting. Over the course
of Canada's history, debate over electoral reform has appeared occasionally, with varying levels of
intensity (Courtney 2005:154). Regardless, the amount of times that the topic has been discussed,
demonstrates the need for its consideration. The word "change" often promotes a negative
connotation, suggesting decreases in quality of government. However, it is important for one to
focus on not "changing" the system, but rather improving it. This can be done through different
voting methods such as proportional representation or alternative voting. Of course, there are
disadvantages that could arise from electoral reform, especially in the case of either suggested
systems. However, the vast advantages ultimately outweigh all potential consequences, justifying
this action. Conclusively, it is advantageous to undergo electoral reform through a mixed election
system of proportional representation and alternative voting, despite arguments opposed to both
matters.
To begin, electoral reform is necessary for one major reason. This reason being that the current
system Canada operates under is simply not effective. Presently, Canada uses the single–member
plurality system, but this form of voting displays several

Klamath Tribe
Perceptions of the lands and waters of the Klamath are rooted in cultural memory and the collective
identity of community (Smith 1997). These shared histories and identities have the potential to serve
as a unifying force within some communities, particularly when a group is marginalized or alienated
from their land and livelihoods (Horangic, Berry and Wall 2016; Kosek 2006). Tribes in both the
upper and lower basin have been alienated from subsistence and commercial salmon fishing because
of the laws against tribal takings, and in more recent years, due to disease and fish die offs(Most
2006). This has not diminished the importance of fishing, but instead strengthens the necessity of
salmon fishing and ceremonies such as the Annual Return of the C'waam (sucker fish) Ceremony of
the Klamath Tribe (Klamath Tribes Annual Events 2004). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The Klamath Tribe has also repeatedly attempted to regain their appropriated homelands, and is
willing to trade their hard won legal water rights for the return of a portion of these lands from the
federal

The Rise Of The States : Evolution Of American State...
This book, "The Rise of the States: Evolution of American State Government," by Jon Teaford, is
his explanation of how the states have changed positively and negatively throughout the years. Each
state has control over their citizens living in the state differently. Teaford addresses these issues in
the form of his own discussion and explanations. Teaford begins with a background of the United
States and different series of events that unfolded from the mistreatment of the national government
to it's citizens. I enjoyed the quote by Roscoe Drummond, "Our federal system of states no longer
exists and has no more chance of being brought back into existence than an apple pie can be put
back on the apple tree." This is a great explanation of how the national government has changed
vastly within history.
Teaford writes, "State government and the study of state level leaders and policies had thus become
respectable." Like I stated before, the national government was beginning to fall based upon the
quotes listed at the beginning of the book from multiple people working for the government. This
quote then explains how the state governments changed from within and spread outward. Like stated
after this quote, putrefying state rule returned to life and political scientists were making up for past
neglect. Our newer political scientists were reconstructing the bad image that our past historians left
for our national government. Teaford also explains how the

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