2. Pg. 1 – Qué vs. Cuál
Pg. 2 – Ser
Pg. 3 – Estar
Pg. 4 – Gustar
Pg. 5 – Transitional Words
Pg. 6 – Imperfect
Pg. 7 – Triggers
Pg. 8 – Acabar de + Inf.
Pg. 9 – Hace + Time + Que + Present Tense
Pg. 10 – Verbos Como Gustar
Pg. 11 – Reflexive Verbs
Pg. 12 – Reflexive Verbs (Con’t)
Pg. 13 – Tú Commands
Pg. 14 – DOP Placement
Pg. 15 – Preterite
3. Qué – Used when asking for Cuál – Usually used before es &
definitions. forms of ser when not seeking a
¿Qué es una ciudad? What is a city? definition.
¿Qué significa "talanquera"? What does ¿Cuál es tu número de teléfono? What is
"talanquera" mean? your phone number?
Qué is usually used before nouns. ¿Cuál es tu problema? What is your
(Although Cuál isn’t always incorrect problem?
when used before nouns, & you will Cuál is used to suggest a selection or
here it sometimes used to mean choice from among a group.
“which”) ¿Cuál miras? Which one are you looking at?
¿Qué casa prefieres? Which house do you But, ¿Qué miras? What are you looking at?
prefer? ¿Cuál prefieres? Which one do you prefer?
¿Qué libro leíste? Which book did you read? But, ¿Qué prefieres? What do you prefer?
Both mean ‘what’ or ‘which’.
4. Doctor Ped
Descriptions, Origin de, Characteristics, Time, Occupation, Relationships, Possession de, Events, Dates
Ser means to be.
Ser is used to describe something permanent. Such as nationality.
5. Estar
Estar means to be.
Estar is used to describe something temporary. Such as emotions.
6. Remember gustar is not like a regular verb. We only use the
following forms of the verb:
Me gusta(n) Nos gusta(n)
Te gusta(n) Os gusta(n)
Le gusta(n) Les gusta(n)
**Remember that me, te, le, nos, os, and les are
Indirect Object Pronouns
7. After – Después
Always – Siempre
During – Durante
Finally – Finalmente
First – Primero
Later – Luego
Now – Ahora
Sometimes – A veces
Soon – Pronto
Again – Otra vez
And –Y
Also – También
Second – Segundo
But – Pero
8. Uses:
Ongoing action [Was/Were]
Repeated action [Used to]
No definite beginning or end
Time/Date/Age/Feelings/Descriptions
Interrupted activity [Cuando]
9. Todos los días - Everyday
A menudo - Often
A veces - Sometimes
Siempre - Always
Cada día - Daily
Los lunes - Mondays
Generalmente - Generally
Mientras - As
De vez en cuando - Occasionally
Muchas veces - Often
Frecuentemente - Frequently
10. Acabar de + Inf. = To have just done something [In recent past].
Acabo de llevar a mi hermana a su casa.
I just took my sister to her house.
Acabas de invitar a muchas muchachas.
You have just invited many girls.
Cristina acaba de conversar con mi mamá.
Christina has just spoken with my mom.
Nosotros acabamos de leer el libro.
We just read the book.
Vosotros acabáis de escribir unas cartas.
You-all have just written some letters.
Ellos acaban de nadar en el mar.
They have just swum in the ocean.
11. Hacer – To do.
Hace + Time + Que + Present Tense
Hace un año que estudio español.
I have been studying Spanish for one year.
Hace dos años que ellas estudian inglés.
They have been studying English for two years.
Hace + Time + Que + No + Present Tense
Hace un año que no estudio español.
I haven't studied Spanish for a year.
Hace dos años que ellas no estudian inglés.
They haven't studied English for two years.
12. The following verbs are conjugated just
like gustar.
encantar to love, like a lot,
faltar to lack
fascinar to fascinate
gustar to like
molestar to bother
interesar to interest
importar to care about
doler to hurt
(A mí) me gusta la fruta.
Fruit is pleasing to me.
(I like fruit)
(A mí) me importan las notas.
My grades matter to me.
13. A verb is reflexive when the subject and object are the same.
YOU are the ‘do-er’ and ‘receiver’ of the action.
When a verb is reflexive, the infinitive ends in “se”.
Despertarse – To wake.
Levantarse – To raise.
Acostarse – To lay down.
Afeitarse – To shave.
▪ Lavar (To wash) Lavarse (To wash oneself).
▪ Rascar (To scratch) Rascarse (To scratch oneself).
14. Conjugate Reflexive Verbs:
The ending “se” is dropped and the verb is
conjugated normally.
Lavarse:
▪ Yo me lavo. [I wash (myself)].
▪ Tú te lavas. [You wash (yourself)].
▪ Él se lava. [He washes (himself)].
15. Affirmative Negative Irregular
Put the verb into the “tú” Conjugate the verb as the Di No digas
form and drop the “s”. “yo” form and then add a Haz No hagas
“s”. Ve No vayas
Pon No pongas
Sal No salgas
Se No seas
Ten No tengas
Ven No vengas
Ex: Ex: No digas Do not say
Tú comes ¡Come! - Eat! Tomo No tomes. No hagas Do not
¡Come la sopa mientras Trabajo No trabajes. No vayas Do not go
este calientita¡ No pongas Do not put
No salgas Do not leave
Eat the soup while it is No hables mucho.
No seas Do not be
still warm! No contestes las
No tengas Do not have
Tú hablas ¡Habla! - preguntas. No vengas Do not come
Speak
16. A direct object reflects the action of the verb.
DOP answers to the question of what is being received by the
verb. DOP and IOP attach to the affirmative command.
When you change the syllabification of a verb, an accent mark is
added to the “antepenúttima” (3rd to last syllable).
▪ I hit the car. (Car is being hit)
▪ I drive the car. (Car is receiving action of drive)
▪ Me estoy banando.
▪ Estoy banandome.
▪ Me estoy cepillando.
▪ Estoy cepillandome.
17. It’s a perfected action in the past.
“Snapshot”
Beginning and/or ending.