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Ebooks: desafios, perturbações e inovações


                                     Carolina Rossini
                  GPOPAI – Universidade de São Paulo
                         REA-Brasil (www.rea.net.br)
Ebooks: desafios, perturbações e inovações


• Preço
• Inclusão digital
• Padrões tecnológicos e interoperabilidade
• Conteudo
• Novos oportunidades de autoria e
  colaboração
• Comportamento
Ebooks: desafios, perturbações e inovações


• Preço
• Inclusão digital
• Padrões tecnologicos e interoperabilidade
• Conteudo
• Novos oportunidades de autoria e
  colaboração
• Comportamento
Ebooks: desafios, perturbações e inovações
http://psfl.in/60
• “There is no doubt that e-books are a bright spot in the dismal
  economics of publishing. The current market is strong — according to a
  recent Harris Interactive poll, one in six Americans now uses an e-
  reader, and that number will grow as consumers become more
  comfortable with the technology.”

• The Association of American Publishers reports that e-books have risen
  in 2010 to 6.4% of the trade market, up from 0.6% in 2008. The
  Institute for Publishing Research predicts that by 2015, e-book sales
  will increase to $3.6 billion, from $78 million in 2008. In publishing
  terms, that’s petrodollars.


                 http://www.forward.com/articles/148713/the-future-of-
                                       publishing/?p=all#ixzz1qYt50Lzq
• Sobre os livros digitais e os impressos, a pesquisa
  Retratos da Leitura no Brasil mostra que a maioria,
  52%, acredita que os livros tradicionais nunca vão
  acabar e que irão conviver igualmente com os digitais.
  Dezessete por cento dizem que os impressos vão
  continuar, mas em pequenas edições. Para 7%, é uma
  questão de tempo para que os livros no papel deixem
  de ser publicados. Outros 7% afirmam que os digitais
  serão sempre para poucos interessados.

   http://www.prolivro.org.br/ipl/publier4.0/texto.asp?id=1815
Replicação de modelos de outros setores



“Roll over, Gutenberg! Publishing legend Jason
   Epstein says the only way to save the book
         industry is to get rid of all the books.”
          http://www.thedailybeast.com/blogs-and-stories/2009-01-08/an-autopsy-of-the-book-business/full/
iChapters

iChapters is Cengage
Learning's discount online store for
more than 15,000 printed textbooks,
eTextbooks, individual eChapters, study
help tools, including online homework
solutions like CengageNow, OWL, Aplia,
Personal Trainer etc. [...,] audio study
tools sold as a complete audio book or
individual eChapters and select video
study tool products"

All materials fall under traditional
copyright. Downloadable materials are
PDFs secured with DRM software
from Oracle's SealedMedia and require
a proprietary special "unsealer" plug-in
for Adobe Acrobat to read the
electronic content
Ebooks: desafios, perturbações e inovações
Iniciativas de autores
   “self-publishing”
Ebooks: desafios, perturbações e inovações
“Digital textbooks done
                                                 wrong”
E-textbooks are too expensive
    • The e-textbooks we surveyed cost on average exactly the same as a new hard copy of
    the same title bought and sold back to the bookstore.
    • The e-textbooks we surveyed cost on average 39% more than a used hard copy of the
    same title bought and sold back online.
Printing is costly and difficult
    • Printing was limited to 10 pages per session for each of the e-textbooks we surveyed.
    • Buying and printing half of an e-textbook was three times the cost of buying a used
    hard copy and selling it back to the bookstore, for the books we surveyed.

E-textbooks are difficult to access

    • Students have to choose between using the book online or using it offline - they cannot
    do both.
    • Most (75%) of the e-textbooks we surveyed expired after 180 days, so students do not
    have the option to access their books in the future.
                                          http://www.studentpirgs.org/textbooks/reports/course-correction
Preço e acesso




Preco médio do livro didático
sofreu um aumento de 217% no
período de 1994 a 2005, subindo
de R$2,20 para R$6,97. (IPEA
(2007)
Dispositivos e acesso
http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2013373872_textbooks08m.html
Ebooks: desafios, perturbações e inovações
“OER are teaching, learning, and research materials in
any medium that reside in the public domain or have
  been released under an open licence that permits
 their free use and re-purposing by others. An open
  license is one that allows anyone to access, reuse,
modify and share the OER. The use of open technical
standard for OER platforms and files improves access
and reuse potential of OERs which are developed and
                  published digitally.”
Paul Baran (1964)
Tools                      IP
   Learning Content




                                                            Intellectual
Full courses,           Software to support the creation,   property licenses
course materials,       delivery, use and improvement of    to promote open
content modules,        open learning content including
                                                            publishing of
learning objects,       searching and organization of
                        content, content and learning       materials, design-
collections, journals                                       principles, and
                        management systems, content
                        development tools, and on-line      localization of
                        learning communities.               content.
Ebooks: desafios, perturbações e inovações
Ebooks: desafios, perturbações e inovações
•Reference materials
•Open textbooks/
learning materials
•Platforms
•Open courses
•Tools
Ebooks: desafios, perturbações e inovações
Abertura e acesso: Livros didáticos abertos
        “open source textbooks”

     Open textbooks "are textbooks that are freely available
      with nonrestrictive licenses. Covering a wide range of
   disciplines, open textbooks are available to download and
     print in various file formats from several web sites and
    OER repositories. Open textbooks can range from public
    domain books to existing textbooks to textbooks created
       specifically for OER. Open textbooks help solve the
    problems of the high cost of textbooks, book shortages,
    and access to textbooks as well as providing the capacity
  to better meet local teaching and learning needs" (ISKME).

                                http://cnx.org/content/m15767/latest/
Interoperabilidade legal e
 tecnica como essencial
  para o surgimento de
    novas instituicoes
Ebooks: desafios, perturbações e inovações
Terms that can be used for a derivative work or adaptation

Compatibility chart
                      by      by-nc     by-nc-nd by-nc-sa     by-nd      by-sa     pd


          pd


          by


          by-nc


Status of
          by-nc-nd
original
work

          by-nc-sa


          by-nd


          by-sa
Iniciativas “non-profit”
Introduction to
 Economic Analysis
  R. Preston McAfee, Caltech


      ISBN: 160049000X

       Online: Free
      PDF/Word: Free
     Hard copy: $11.10
          Used at:
Harvard, NYU, Cal Poly, UC-Santa
Barbara, Caltech, Oregon State,
    Claremont McKenna….


www.introecon.com
Collaborative
  Statistics
Barbara Illowsky & Susan Dean

    ISBN: 9780978745973

       Online: Free
      PDF/Word: Free
     Hard copy: $31.98

          www.cnx.org

   For more information:
www.collegeopentextbooks.org
Comparação de livros de estatística




Publisher: Wiley         Open: Connexions & QOOP

Downloadable version:    Downloadable & online versions:
$77.50                   FREE

Printed bound version:   Printed bound version:
$141.95 new              $31.98 new
$110.25 used
Ebooks: desafios, perturbações e inovações
Ebooks: desafios, perturbações e inovações
Ebooks: desafios, perturbações e inovações
Ebooks: desafios, perturbações e inovações
CK-12
•   "Flexbook” - "high quality educational content that will serve both as core text as well as
    provide an adaptive environment for learning"

•   "through a combination of author donations, licensing partnerships, incentives for
    community-based authorship, and university collaborations"

•   Future content is planned to be commons-based peer-produced and moderated by CK-12 to
    align with "an expanding base of learning standards like McREL Compendium“

•   Content is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike licenses with any on-
    demand printing costs born by users (print on home computer or through on-demand
    company).

•   Users are encouraged to customize the downloadable content as well

•   a Physics Flexbook for use in the Commonwealth of Virginia. Thirteen scientists, teachers, and
    professors volunteered to write the book with CK-12's support. The book was written in 2.5
    months, including diagrams in high resolution (added to the CK-12 reposition, "keeping in line
    with the philosophy of open content"), "with another two weeks for quality assurance". (Park
    2008)
Ebooks: desafios, perturbações e inovações
Curriki
• the first and only Internet site for Open Source
  Curriculum (OSC), which will provide universal access to
  free curricula and instructional materials for grades K-12.

• Focus: online repository for K-12 curricula in the areas of
  mathematics, science, technology, reading and language
  arts, and languages.

• Relevant
  Press: http://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/25/technology
  /25iht-curriki26.1.8466585.html?_r=1
Modelos de Negócio Abertos
Ebooks: desafios, perturbações e inovações
Bloomsbury Academic
• Bloomsbury Academic is a new imprint of
  Britian's Bloomsbury Publishing Group Plc focused on
  academic works in the humanities and social sciences.

• All works can be leased for free online under a Creative
  Commons non-commercial license, and print-on-demand
  (POD) copies are available "at reasonable prices“. Some will
  also be available for purchase in a number of e-book
  formats, many with enhanced features.

• A presentation by Dr. Pinter:
  http://webcast.oii.ox.ac.uk/?view=Webcast&ID=20081121_
  268
Ebooks: desafios, perturbações e inovações
• Flatworld Knowledge e uma editora startup de
  livros diadticos abertos que opera com base em
  renda proveniente de modelos opcionais de
  consumo de recursos educacionais como copias
  impressas, digitais e materiais complementares
  (“study aids”).

• Dr. Mason Carpenter, um autor tanto da Flat
  World e Pearson, afirma que os royalties
  provenientes de seus livros abertos esta
  alcancando o proveniente de seus livros abertos.
Ebooks: desafios, perturbações e inovações
Ebooks: desafios, perturbações e inovações
The Flatworld Model




                Open                   Affordable                            Social
              Textbooks                 Choices                             Learning




Top Authors     Open      Free   Alternate Formats   Efficient Study Aids   Collaboration




    Authors
Diferentes formatos e preços
Funciona?
Ebooks: desafios, perturbações e inovações
Top 10 - Razões

①   Get a great books & supplements.
②   Use new editions on your terms.
③   Make your book like your course (or not).
④   Don’t change your life very much.
⑤   Do change theirs – choice for the first time.
⑥   Level the playing field – everyone has access. And
    Immediately.
⑦   No more access codes. Ever.
⑧   Integration into your LMS.
⑨   Did we say no more access codes?
⑩   Support a market-based solution.
Ebooks: desafios, perturbações e inovações
Adoção de Modelos Abertos
Phase 1 page
Ebooks: desafios, perturbações e inovações
Pearson, US CEO
                Peter Cohen
• “We are now in a transformational period.
  Everything we have has to be two worlds:
  print and digital.”
• “The future of learning is going to be high-
  quality online material and, to a lesser extent,
  textbooks.’’
Houghton Mifflin
  Wendy Colby, senior vice president

• “The textbook is no longer the center of the
  educational universe.”
Ebooks: desafios, perturbações e inovações
Ebooks: desafios, perturbações e inovações
Ebooks: desafios, perturbações e inovações
Ebooks: desafios, perturbações e inovações
• We need to move away from the PDF
Why Invest in Open?



Inclusion/cooperation
Wide dissemination of education contributes to more
    inclusive and cohesive societies, fosters equal
 opportunities and innovation in line with the priorities
of a renewed social agenda focused on the knowledge
  society. In this sense, this study brings a series of
       recommendations to foster this dialogue.
Oportunidades e desafios


• Habilidade de criar conteudo modular,
  interativo e personalizado – nao somente uma
  copia digital de livros de papel

• Pensar em modelos de negocio e
  sustentabilidade

• Como inlcuir abertura e nocao de rede > REA
Oportunidades e desafios

• Quais direitos e possibilidades vao existir para
  leitores, e em particular para aqueles que
  querem compartilhar e remixar seus livros
  digitais sem fins lucrativos – comportamentos
  que fazem parte da cultura da leitura?

• Qual a sinergia que existe entre a economica
  dos ebooks e tais comportamentos?
“In any case, it is clear that a library containing all
 possible books, arranged at random, is equivalent
(as a source of information) to a library containing
                                           zero books.”
              http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Library_of_Babel
“Thus, this book speaks.
It has a voice that allows
 you to read yourself and
        you are invited to
contribute to its writing.”
                 Pierre Lévy




     www.rea.net.br
        Thank you!!!!


   carolina.rossini@gmail.com

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Ebooks: desafios, perturbações e inovações

  • 1. Ebooks: desafios, perturbações e inovações Carolina Rossini GPOPAI – Universidade de São Paulo REA-Brasil (www.rea.net.br)
  • 2. Ebooks: desafios, perturbações e inovações • Preço • Inclusão digital • Padrões tecnológicos e interoperabilidade • Conteudo • Novos oportunidades de autoria e colaboração • Comportamento
  • 3. Ebooks: desafios, perturbações e inovações • Preço • Inclusão digital • Padrões tecnologicos e interoperabilidade • Conteudo • Novos oportunidades de autoria e colaboração • Comportamento
  • 6. • “There is no doubt that e-books are a bright spot in the dismal economics of publishing. The current market is strong — according to a recent Harris Interactive poll, one in six Americans now uses an e- reader, and that number will grow as consumers become more comfortable with the technology.” • The Association of American Publishers reports that e-books have risen in 2010 to 6.4% of the trade market, up from 0.6% in 2008. The Institute for Publishing Research predicts that by 2015, e-book sales will increase to $3.6 billion, from $78 million in 2008. In publishing terms, that’s petrodollars. http://www.forward.com/articles/148713/the-future-of- publishing/?p=all#ixzz1qYt50Lzq
  • 7. • Sobre os livros digitais e os impressos, a pesquisa Retratos da Leitura no Brasil mostra que a maioria, 52%, acredita que os livros tradicionais nunca vão acabar e que irão conviver igualmente com os digitais. Dezessete por cento dizem que os impressos vão continuar, mas em pequenas edições. Para 7%, é uma questão de tempo para que os livros no papel deixem de ser publicados. Outros 7% afirmam que os digitais serão sempre para poucos interessados. http://www.prolivro.org.br/ipl/publier4.0/texto.asp?id=1815
  • 8. Replicação de modelos de outros setores “Roll over, Gutenberg! Publishing legend Jason Epstein says the only way to save the book industry is to get rid of all the books.” http://www.thedailybeast.com/blogs-and-stories/2009-01-08/an-autopsy-of-the-book-business/full/
  • 9. iChapters iChapters is Cengage Learning's discount online store for more than 15,000 printed textbooks, eTextbooks, individual eChapters, study help tools, including online homework solutions like CengageNow, OWL, Aplia, Personal Trainer etc. [...,] audio study tools sold as a complete audio book or individual eChapters and select video study tool products" All materials fall under traditional copyright. Downloadable materials are PDFs secured with DRM software from Oracle's SealedMedia and require a proprietary special "unsealer" plug-in for Adobe Acrobat to read the electronic content
  • 11. Iniciativas de autores “self-publishing”
  • 13. “Digital textbooks done wrong” E-textbooks are too expensive • The e-textbooks we surveyed cost on average exactly the same as a new hard copy of the same title bought and sold back to the bookstore. • The e-textbooks we surveyed cost on average 39% more than a used hard copy of the same title bought and sold back online. Printing is costly and difficult • Printing was limited to 10 pages per session for each of the e-textbooks we surveyed. • Buying and printing half of an e-textbook was three times the cost of buying a used hard copy and selling it back to the bookstore, for the books we surveyed. E-textbooks are difficult to access • Students have to choose between using the book online or using it offline - they cannot do both. • Most (75%) of the e-textbooks we surveyed expired after 180 days, so students do not have the option to access their books in the future. http://www.studentpirgs.org/textbooks/reports/course-correction
  • 14. Preço e acesso Preco médio do livro didático sofreu um aumento de 217% no período de 1994 a 2005, subindo de R$2,20 para R$6,97. (IPEA (2007)
  • 18. “OER are teaching, learning, and research materials in any medium that reside in the public domain or have been released under an open licence that permits their free use and re-purposing by others. An open license is one that allows anyone to access, reuse, modify and share the OER. The use of open technical standard for OER platforms and files improves access and reuse potential of OERs which are developed and published digitally.”
  • 20. Tools IP Learning Content Intellectual Full courses, Software to support the creation, property licenses course materials, delivery, use and improvement of to promote open content modules, open learning content including publishing of learning objects, searching and organization of content, content and learning materials, design- collections, journals principles, and management systems, content development tools, and on-line localization of learning communities. content.
  • 23. •Reference materials •Open textbooks/ learning materials •Platforms •Open courses •Tools
  • 25. Abertura e acesso: Livros didáticos abertos “open source textbooks” Open textbooks "are textbooks that are freely available with nonrestrictive licenses. Covering a wide range of disciplines, open textbooks are available to download and print in various file formats from several web sites and OER repositories. Open textbooks can range from public domain books to existing textbooks to textbooks created specifically for OER. Open textbooks help solve the problems of the high cost of textbooks, book shortages, and access to textbooks as well as providing the capacity to better meet local teaching and learning needs" (ISKME). http://cnx.org/content/m15767/latest/
  • 26. Interoperabilidade legal e tecnica como essencial para o surgimento de novas instituicoes
  • 28. Terms that can be used for a derivative work or adaptation Compatibility chart by by-nc by-nc-nd by-nc-sa by-nd by-sa pd pd by by-nc Status of by-nc-nd original work by-nc-sa by-nd by-sa
  • 30. Introduction to Economic Analysis R. Preston McAfee, Caltech ISBN: 160049000X Online: Free PDF/Word: Free Hard copy: $11.10 Used at: Harvard, NYU, Cal Poly, UC-Santa Barbara, Caltech, Oregon State, Claremont McKenna…. www.introecon.com
  • 31. Collaborative Statistics Barbara Illowsky & Susan Dean ISBN: 9780978745973 Online: Free PDF/Word: Free Hard copy: $31.98 www.cnx.org For more information: www.collegeopentextbooks.org
  • 32. Comparação de livros de estatística Publisher: Wiley Open: Connexions & QOOP Downloadable version: Downloadable & online versions: $77.50 FREE Printed bound version: Printed bound version: $141.95 new $31.98 new $110.25 used
  • 37. CK-12 • "Flexbook” - "high quality educational content that will serve both as core text as well as provide an adaptive environment for learning" • "through a combination of author donations, licensing partnerships, incentives for community-based authorship, and university collaborations" • Future content is planned to be commons-based peer-produced and moderated by CK-12 to align with "an expanding base of learning standards like McREL Compendium“ • Content is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike licenses with any on- demand printing costs born by users (print on home computer or through on-demand company). • Users are encouraged to customize the downloadable content as well • a Physics Flexbook for use in the Commonwealth of Virginia. Thirteen scientists, teachers, and professors volunteered to write the book with CK-12's support. The book was written in 2.5 months, including diagrams in high resolution (added to the CK-12 reposition, "keeping in line with the philosophy of open content"), "with another two weeks for quality assurance". (Park 2008)
  • 39. Curriki • the first and only Internet site for Open Source Curriculum (OSC), which will provide universal access to free curricula and instructional materials for grades K-12. • Focus: online repository for K-12 curricula in the areas of mathematics, science, technology, reading and language arts, and languages. • Relevant Press: http://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/25/technology /25iht-curriki26.1.8466585.html?_r=1
  • 42. Bloomsbury Academic • Bloomsbury Academic is a new imprint of Britian's Bloomsbury Publishing Group Plc focused on academic works in the humanities and social sciences. • All works can be leased for free online under a Creative Commons non-commercial license, and print-on-demand (POD) copies are available "at reasonable prices“. Some will also be available for purchase in a number of e-book formats, many with enhanced features. • A presentation by Dr. Pinter: http://webcast.oii.ox.ac.uk/?view=Webcast&ID=20081121_ 268
  • 44. • Flatworld Knowledge e uma editora startup de livros diadticos abertos que opera com base em renda proveniente de modelos opcionais de consumo de recursos educacionais como copias impressas, digitais e materiais complementares (“study aids”). • Dr. Mason Carpenter, um autor tanto da Flat World e Pearson, afirma que os royalties provenientes de seus livros abertos esta alcancando o proveniente de seus livros abertos.
  • 47. The Flatworld Model Open Affordable Social Textbooks Choices Learning Top Authors Open Free Alternate Formats Efficient Study Aids Collaboration Authors
  • 51. Top 10 - Razões ① Get a great books & supplements. ② Use new editions on your terms. ③ Make your book like your course (or not). ④ Don’t change your life very much. ⑤ Do change theirs – choice for the first time. ⑥ Level the playing field – everyone has access. And Immediately. ⑦ No more access codes. Ever. ⑧ Integration into your LMS. ⑨ Did we say no more access codes? ⑩ Support a market-based solution.
  • 56. Pearson, US CEO Peter Cohen • “We are now in a transformational period. Everything we have has to be two worlds: print and digital.” • “The future of learning is going to be high- quality online material and, to a lesser extent, textbooks.’’
  • 57. Houghton Mifflin Wendy Colby, senior vice president • “The textbook is no longer the center of the educational universe.”
  • 62. • We need to move away from the PDF
  • 63. Why Invest in Open? Inclusion/cooperation Wide dissemination of education contributes to more inclusive and cohesive societies, fosters equal opportunities and innovation in line with the priorities of a renewed social agenda focused on the knowledge society. In this sense, this study brings a series of recommendations to foster this dialogue.
  • 64. Oportunidades e desafios • Habilidade de criar conteudo modular, interativo e personalizado – nao somente uma copia digital de livros de papel • Pensar em modelos de negocio e sustentabilidade • Como inlcuir abertura e nocao de rede > REA
  • 65. Oportunidades e desafios • Quais direitos e possibilidades vao existir para leitores, e em particular para aqueles que querem compartilhar e remixar seus livros digitais sem fins lucrativos – comportamentos que fazem parte da cultura da leitura? • Qual a sinergia que existe entre a economica dos ebooks e tais comportamentos?
  • 66. “In any case, it is clear that a library containing all possible books, arranged at random, is equivalent (as a source of information) to a library containing zero books.” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Library_of_Babel
  • 67. “Thus, this book speaks. It has a voice that allows you to read yourself and you are invited to contribute to its writing.” Pierre Lévy www.rea.net.br Thank you!!!! carolina.rossini@gmail.com