reported speech, tense changes, other changes, reported speech in questions and orders.

2.  Tenses change to the past:
1) “I hate the English teacher”
He said (that) he hated the English teacher.
2) “I have never been to England”
He said he had never been to England.
3) “I will never pass the exam”
She said she would never pass the exam.
4) I killed him” The man said he had killed him
5)“I must study on Monday”
She said she had to study on Monday BUT she said she
mustn’t study on Monday.
6) “I can speak English quite well”
She said she could speak English quite well.

3.  When you report something recent or that is
going to happen soon after it was said (on
the same day, for example):
Ex.: -I can’t come tonight
I’ve just talked to Peter and he said he
can’t come tonight.

4.  PRONOUNS:
Ex: “I hate you, Margaret”.
He said he hated her.
 TIME AND PLACE ADVERBS: to distant ones:
 Here-there now-then tomorrow-the next day
yesterday-the day before
Ex.: “I’ll meet you here tomorrow”
He said he would meet him there the next day
 DEMONSTRATIVES: this-that these-those
Ex.: “I don’t like this class”
She said she didn’t like that class

5.  SAY: No pronoun after it:
 Ex.: He said he hated the English teacher
 TELL: object pronoun after it:
 Ex.: He told me he hated the English teacher.

6.  Word order is like in a statement (no question
auxiliaries are used):
 YES/NO questions: ask+IF (or WHETHER)
Ex.: Are you Spanish? He asked me if I was
Spanish.
Do you like the English teacher?. He asked me
if I liked the English teacher.
 WH-QUESTIONS: ASK+QUESTION WORD
Ex.: Where do you study English?
He asked me where I studied English.

7.  TELL (or ASK)+PERSON (OR PRONOUN)
+INFINITIVE with TO
Ex.: “Shut up” He told her to shut up
“Don’t write in pencil” The teacher told the
students not to write in pencil.
“Can you open the window?” He asked her to
open the window.