1. Rawan ahmadkashkoush
5th year md

2. Definition of Child AbuseDefinition of Child Abuse
“The physical or mental injury, sexual
abuse or exploitation, negligent treatment,
or maltreatment of a child under the age of
18 by a person who is responsible for the
child’s welfare under circumstances which
indicate that the child’s health or welfare is
harmed or threatened.”

3. Types of Child AbuseTypes of Child Abuse
 physical abuse
 sexual abuse
 emotional abuse
 neglect

4. Physical abusePhysical abuse

5. Physical AbusePhysical Abuse
Physical abuse is any non-accidental injury toPhysical abuse is any non-accidental injury to
a child under the age of 18 by a parent ora child under the age of 18 by a parent or
caretaker. These injuries may include beatings,caretaker. These injuries may include beatings,
shaking, burns, human bites, strangulation, orshaking, burns, human bites, strangulation, or
immersion in scalding water or others, withimmersion in scalding water or others, with
resulting bruises and welts, fractures, scars, burns,resulting bruises and welts, fractures, scars, burns,
internal injuries or any other injuries.internal injuries or any other injuries.

6. Corporal Punishment
• Corporal punishment of children --- in the
form of hitting, punching, kicking or beating
--- is socially and legally accepted in most
countries. In many, it is a significant
phenomenon in schools and other institutions
and in penal systems for young offenders.

7. PSYCHOLOGICAL MALTREATMENTPSYCHOLOGICAL MALTREATMENT
DefinitionDefinition
 Psychological NeglectPsychological Neglect - the consistent failure of a- the consistent failure of a
parent or caretaker to provide a child withparent or caretaker to provide a child with
appropriate support, attention, and affection.appropriate support, attention, and affection.
 Psychological AbusePsychological Abuse - a chronic pattern of- a chronic pattern of
behaviors such as belittling, humiliating, andbehaviors such as belittling, humiliating, and
ridiculing a child.ridiculing a child.

8. Emotional AbuseEmotional Abuse
 Emotional abuse includes the failure of a
caregiver to provide an appropriate and
supportive environment, and includes acts
that have an adverse effect on the emotional
health and development of a child.
 Such acts include restricting a child’s
movements, denigration, ridicule, threats and
intimidation, discrimination, rejection and
other nonphysical forms of hostile treatment.

9. NeglectNeglect
 Neglect refers to the failure of a parent to provide
for the development of the child – where the
parent is in a position to do so – in one or more of
the following areas: health, education, emotional
development, nutrition, shelter and safe living
conditions.
 Neglect is thus distinguished from circumstances
of poverty in that neglect can occur only in cases
where reasonable resources are available to the
family or caregiver.

10. CHILD SEXUAL ABUSECHILD SEXUAL ABUSE
DefinitionDefinition
Child sexual abuse is the exploitation of a child orChild sexual abuse is the exploitation of a child or
adolescent for the sexual gratification of anotheradolescent for the sexual gratification of another
person.person.

11. CHILDCHILD SEXUAL ABUSESEXUAL ABUSE
 All children who are suspected victims ofAll children who are suspected victims of
child sexual abuse should be offered a medicalchild sexual abuse should be offered a medical
evaluation. The timing and detail of theevaluation. The timing and detail of the
examination should be based on specificexamination should be based on specific
screening criteria developed by qualifiedscreening criteria developed by qualified
medical providers.medical providers.

12. GoalsGoals…………
 To assess the child’s safetyTo assess the child’s safety
 To reassure the child and familyTo reassure the child and family
 To obtain or refer for counseling if indicatedTo obtain or refer for counseling if indicated
 To document findings in such a way thatTo document findings in such a way that
information can be effectively and accuratelyinformation can be effectively and accurately
presented in legal settings, if requiredpresented in legal settings, if required
 To help to ensure the well being of the childTo help to ensure the well being of the child

13. Forensic Examination forForensic Examination for
Victims of Sexual ViolenceVictims of Sexual Violence::
consentconsent
HistoryHistory
Physical ExaminationPhysical Examination
general examinationgeneral examination
genito-anal examinationgenito-anal examination
Sample collectionSample collection
Documentation and reportingDocumentation and reporting

14. HistoryHistory
What signs to look forWhat signs to look for
What samples to takeWhat samples to take
How to interpret findingsHow to interpret findings
Routine backgroundRoutine background
MedicalMedical
GynaecologicalGynaecological
SexualSexual
What happenedWhat happened
The victim should not be asked to describe theThe victim should not be asked to describe the assaultassault
repeatedlyrepeatedly

15. GeneralGeneral ExaminationExamination
General appearanceGeneral appearance
Upper arms, forearms and handsUpper arms, forearms and hands
Face, ears, lipsFace, ears, lips
ScalpScalp
NeckNeck
BreastsBreasts
AbdomenAbdomen
Thighs and LegsThighs and Legs
Hips and ButtocksHips and Buttocks

16. GeneralGeneral ExaminationExamination
Bruises and contusions (e.g. inner aspect ofBruises and contusions (e.g. inner aspect of
thighs, scalp, face, lipsthighs, scalp, face, lips(;(;
Lacerations (e.g. scalp, forearmLacerations (e.g. scalp, forearm(;(;
Ligature marks (e.g. ankles, wrists and neckLigature marks (e.g. ankles, wrists and neck(;(;
Pattern injuries (i.e. fingertip marks, scratchPattern injuries (i.e. fingertip marks, scratch
marks, bite marks, factitious self-inflictedmarks, bite marks, factitious self-inflicted
injuriesinjuries((

17. Genito-analGenito-anal ExaminationExamination
Inspection, labial tractionInspection, labial traction
SwabsSwabs
SpeculumSpeculum
Anal +/- digital +/- proctoscopeAnal +/- digital +/- proctoscope

18. ForensicForensic SpecimensSpecimens
Vulval / vaginal / endocervical swabsVulval / vaginal / endocervical swabs
Buccal swabs – for DNA profiling Other swabsBuccal swabs – for DNA profiling Other swabs
(e.g. anal, oral, breasts(e.g. anal, oral, breasts((
Fingernail (clipping / scrapingFingernail (clipping / scraping((
Pubic hairPubic hair
Clothing / debrisClothing / debris
+/-+/-Toxicological samples (blood, urineToxicological samples (blood, urine((

19. Thank youThank you