1. SOCIOLINGUISTICS
Jessica Elaine Cavazos Babcock

2. ISSUES IN SOCIOLINGUISTICS
Researchers collect examples of language usage in
their naturally occurring environments and study them
in relation to the findings of other sociolinguistics
research work.

3. SOCIOLINGUISTICS
Is the study of language in society. Sociolinguistics is
the study of the linguistic indicators of culture and
power

4. WAYS PEOPLE SPEAK
Categorizing the ways people speak

5. IDIOLECT AND SOCIOLECT
Individuals speak in characteristic ways that may be
peculiar to them in certain circumstances we call this
idiolect. People often use language in ways that they
share with many other people: most generally we can call
these patterns sociolects.

6. STANDARD NON - STANDARD AND
CODIFICATION
Standardization is a process that is apparent in almost all
modern nations , in which one variety of a particular
language is taken up and promoted as the standard form.
Codification is a prominent feature of standard forms.

7. PRESTIGE, STIGMATIZATION AND
LANGUAGE LOYALTY
This is an important feature of sociolinguistics enquiry
, peoples attitude towards their own language often
affects the form of that language.

8. DIALECT, ACCENT AND LANGUAGE
PLANNING
A standardize variety is usually a regional dialect. A
dialect refers to the characteristic patters of words and
word- order which are used by a group of speakers. An
accent can also be standardize and stigmatize.

9. SPEECH COMMUNITIES
The way people speak often serves to define them as a
group

10. DESCRIPTIVE TOOLS OF LANGUAGE
VARIATION
Traditionally linguistics has categorized the different
dimensions of language as a rank scale from the
smallest units of individuals sounds or letters up to
the largest scale of whole discourses.

11. PHONOLOGICAL VARIATION
Variation in accent has provided the major focus of
sociolinguistics studies so far. This is because observing
and recording occurrences of individual sounds is much
easier then waiting all day for a particular word.

12. LEXICAL VARIATION
Depends largely on different lexical items being used
from region to region. Phrasal variations include the
Irish and Scottish is that you.. When an English person
would say are you finished .

13. LINGUISTIC VARIATION
The entire language can be treated as variable bilingual or
multilingual individuals can often move from one
language to another within a single utterance and
sometimes even with a sentence. This is called code –
switching

14. GEOGRAPHICAL AND SOCIAL
MOBILITY
Dialects within a language are often localized
geographically. We can speak of dialect chains where
the shift from one dialect to the next is not sudden
between one town or country.

15. IDENTITY
Not only do linguistic patterns signal social and
individual identity, but people conscious awareness of
their personal, ethnic, geographical political and family
identities is often a factor in their language use.

16. SOCIAL NETWORK RELATIONS
It has been recognized that the relative of relations
between individuals within a social group is also
important in understanding how linguistic features are
maintained, reinforced and spread.

17. WORKING WITH SOCIOLINGUISTIC
DATA
Collecting and analyzing sociolinguistic data
Interpreting sociolinguistic data Models and frame
work The teesside study