This document discusses visual elements and techniques for creating a sense of space and volume in two-dimensional artwork. It explains that physical objects have three dimensions of length, width, and height which define their volume. The document then presents three techniques for indicating depth on a flat surface: using relative size with smaller objects appearing farther away; superimposing one shape over another; and employing contrasts in color, light, and detail level with colder/lighter/less detailed areas seeming more distant. Examples are provided to illustrate each spatial perception method.

1. Art and Design
1st E.S.O.
RAMON DE FRANCISCO

2. INDEX
ELEMENTS OF VISUAL
LANGUAGE
SPACE & VOLUME
FORMS & SHAPES
COLOUR. U. 5
TEXTURE. U. 6
INTRODUCTION. U. 7
LIGHT & VOLUME. U. 8
SYSTEMS OF REPRESENTATION. U. 9
DOT, LINE & SURFACE. U. 3
GEOMETRIC SHAPES. U. 4
RAMON DE FRANCISCO
COMMUNICATION AND ITS PURPOSES. U. 1
VISUAL COMMUNICATION & VISUAL PERCEPTION. U. 2

3. SPACE & VOLUME
INTRODUCTION
UNIT 7
RAMÓN DE FRANCISCO

4. RAMÓN DE FRANCISCO
Every physical object has
Three dimensions:
LENGTH.
The size from one end to the other.
WITHD.
The size perpendicular to length.
HEIGHT.
The size perpendicular to both length
and width.
VOLUME is the space occupied by an object.

5. RAMÓN DE FRANCISCO
VOLUME is the space occupied by an object.
Every physical object has
Three dimensions:
LENGTH.
The size from one end to the other.
WITHD.
The size perpendicular to length.
HEIGHT.
The size perpendicular to both length
and width.

6. RAMÓN DE FRANCISCO
There are three basic ways to create
Spatial Perception
on a piece of paper (two dimension object).

7. DIFFERENT SIZES
RAMÓN DE FRANCISCO
The farther the smaller
The closer the bigger

8. DIFFERENT SIZES
RAMÓN DE FRANCISCO

9. DIFFERENT SIZES
RAMÓN DE FRANCISCO

10. DIFFERENT SIZES
RAMÓN DE FRANCISCO

11. SUPERIMPOSITION
One shape partially covers the other.
RAMÓN DE FRANCISCO

12. SUPERIMPOSITION
One shape partially covers the other.
RAMÓN DE FRANCISCO

13. SUPERIMPOSITION
One shape partially covers the other.
RAMÓN DE FRANCISCO

14. SUPERIMPOSITION
One shape partially covers the other.
RAMÓN DE FRANCISCO

15. CONTRAST
RAMÓN DE FRANCISCO
In Colour.
Warm Colours give a sense of proximity.
Cold Colours give a sense of depth.

16. CONTRAST
RAMÓN DE FRANCISCO
In Colour.
Warm Colours give a sense of proximity.
Cold Colours give a sense of depth.

17. CONTRAST
RAMÓN DE FRANCISCO
In Colour.
Warm Colours give a sense of proximity.
Cold Colours give a sense of depth.

18. CONTRAST
In Light
The farther the lighter

19. CONTRAST
In Light
The farther the lighter

20. CONTRAST
In Light

21. CONTRAST
In Light

22. CONTRAST
In Light

23. CONTRAST
In Light

24. CONTRAST
In Light

25. CONTRAST
In Detail.
The closer the more detailed the shape is.

26. CONTRAST
In Detail.
The closer the more detailed the shape is.

27. CONTRAST
In Detail.
The closer the more detailed the shape is.

28. CONTRAST
In Detail.
The closer the more detailed the shape is.