The document discusses a mid term presentation for a company called Reliance Comm. Ltd. It discusses geographic information systems (GIS) and how they are used to capture and store spatial data linked to locations. It also discusses GIS techniques including data representation and applications. Finally, it discusses network engineer software and how it is used to design and document telecommunications networks, including tools for working with optical fibers.

1. Mid Term
presentation
Based on
Wire Line project
Company-: Reliance Comm. Ltd
Name-:raman sanoria
Roll no-:RH6802A24

2. Geographical Information System
• A geographic information system (GIS) is any system
that captures, stores, analyzes, manages the present
data that are linked to location.

3. GIS techniques and technology
• Modern GIS technologies use digital information, for
which various digitized data creation methods are
used. The most common method of data creation is
digitization, where a hard copy map or survey plan is
transferred into a digital medium through the use of
a Computer Aided Design (CAD) program.

4. Data Representation
GIS data represents real objects with digital data. Real
objects can be divided into two abstractions:
1.Discrete objects
2.Continous Feilds

5. Applications
• Scientific investigations
• Resource management,
• Urban planning
• Geographic history
• GIS can be used by a company to site a new business
location to take advantage of a previously under
served market.

6. Network Engineer Software
• An overview-:With Network Engineer software we
are able to create, manage, and manipulate your
telecommunications facility data within a
geographical information system (GIS) environment.
Network Engineer supports copper, coaxial, wireless,
and fiber networks in two environments: Inside Plant
(ISP) and Outside Plant (OSP). Features are listed
below-:
• Structure
• Span
• Transport media
• Drop line

7. Network Engineer Software
Document end-to-end communications networks.

8. Network Engineer Software

9. Network Engineer Software
Network Engineer supports multiple network technologies. Diagram depicts copper
cable connection to fiber cable.

10. Main Toolbar
The Main toolbar can be displayed by selecting
View > Toolbars > Main Toolbar.

11. Work Order of NE
Creating Work Order-> Select Network Engineer > Work
Order Manager. The system displays the Work Order dialog
box.

12. Optical Fiber Comm. System
Information Electrical Optical Optical Fibre
source transmit source cable
Optical Electrical
Destination
Detector receive

13. Single
Optical fibres mode
Single Mode Fibers are high quality fibers for
wideband, long-haul transmission and are
generally fabricated from doped silica in order
to reduce attenuation.
Multi
mode
Multi Mode fibers may be fabricated from
either multi component glass compounds or
doped silica. These fibers can have
reasonable large core diameters and large
numerical apertures to facilitate efficient
coupling to incoherent light source.

14. Diagram of total internal
reflection in an Optical Fiber

15. Optical fibres
Buffer/jacket color Meaning
Yellow single-mode optical fiber
Orange Multi-mode optical fiber
10 gig laser-optimized 50/125 micrometer multi-mode
Aqua
optical fiber
Grey Outdated color code for
multi-mode optical fiber

16. Optical fibre colour scheme
Position Jacket color
1 Blue
2 Orange
3 Green
4 Brown
5 Slate
6 White
7 Red
8 Black
9 Yellow
10 Violet
11 Rose
12 Aqua

17. Optical Fiber Tools
1.Stipper: It is an instrument mainly used to remove the
core and cladding from the glass fiber.
2. Fiber Optic Cleaver is used to cut
the fiberglass to make a good end face,
as we know the quality of the bare fiber
endface will determine the quality of the
joint of the fibers in the fiber optic
fusion process, and the joint point
quality means higher or lower
attenuation of the fiber connection line.

18. Optical Fiber Tools
3.An optical time-domain
reflectometer (OTDR) is an
optoelectronic instrument used to
characterize an optical fiber. An
OTDR injects a series of optical
pulses into the fiber under test. It
also extracts, from the same end of
the fiber, light that is scattered or
reflected back from points along the
fiber.

19. Optical Fiber Connections
• Fiber Splices-: A permanent joint formed between two
individual optical fibers in the field or factory is known as
fiber Splice. Fiber Splice has mainly two techniques named
below-: 1.Fusion Splicing
2.Mechanical Splicing

20. Optical Fiber Connections
• Fusion Splicing technique involves the heating of two
prepared fiber ends to their fusing point with the application
of sufficient axial pressure between two optical fibers.
Fiber Optic Fusion Splicer

21. Optical Fiber Connections
Internal view of Fusion Splicer

22. Optical Fiber Connections

23. Optical Fiber Connections
1. Enclosure is also a suitable Enclosure
technique to connect two ends
of optical fiber during fiber cut.
Internal view of Enclosure-:
Whenever there is a fibercut due
to any construction work of road
side using JCB machines or due
to another reason an enclosure is
used to re-establish the connection
to clear the route and to reduce the
losses.

24. Optical Fiber Connections

25. Optical fiber losses
1. Coupling losses-:Ideally, optical signals coupled between
fiber optic components are transmitted with no loss of light.
However, there is always some type of imperfection present
at fiber optic connections that causes some loss of light. It is
the amount of optical power lost at fiber optic connections
that is a concern of system d
2. Fiber bend loss-: Opticals fiber suffer radiation losses at
bends or curves on their paths. This is due to the energy in
the evanescent field at the bend exceeding the velocity of
light in the cladding and hence the guidance mechanism is
inhibited which causes light energy to be radiated from the
fiber.