The document discusses conceptual data modeling and entity-relationship (ER) modeling. It describes the key concepts in ER modeling including entities, attributes, relationships, cardinality, participation, and relationship types. It provides examples of how to model different types of relationships, attributes, and entities. The goal of conceptual modeling is to build an abstract yet rigorous model of an organization's data to help communicate requirements and ensure quality.

4. Feasibility study Requirement Analysis & Specifications Data Modeling Process Modeling Implementation Prototyping Testing DESIGN APPROACH

5. DESIGN PHASES Requirements Collection & Analysis Conceptual Design (G) Logical Design (Blue Print) Physical Design Application Design Methods Req. Collection Conceptual Model Data Base System DBMS Tools , OS Requirements Specs Conceptual Database Model Logical Models Performance Tests Final Schema Application PGMS

6. Conceptual Design Logical Design Physical Design Application Design Requirement Collection & Analysis C,Windows,Power Builder ORACLE Relational DBs ER & ERR Model Questionnaire & Interview DESIGN METHODS

8. A Map Is a Model of Reality MODEL OF REALITY

18. Student Roll No Skill Dob F.Name M.Name L.Name Name EXAMPLE Degree

21. E 1 E 2 R min,max min,max Participation 0 – Partial 1 - Total Cardinality 1 - - One M - - More than One O - - One Student CARDINALITY AND PARTICIPATION Advise Faculty X Z Y A B C D

22. Unary Relationship Binary Relationship Ternary/N-ary Relationship RELATIONSHIP DEGREES

23. Person Married (0,1) (0,1) Unary Relationship RELATIONSHIP DEGREE Employee Manager (0,m) (0,1)

24. One –to-one binary Relationship A A One –to-Many binary Relationship B C D X Y Z E1 E2 (1, 1) (0, m) BINARY RELATIONSHIP B C D X Y Z

25. Many to Many binary Relationship X Y Z A B C D BINARY RELATIONSHIP Justification E1 E2 R1 (0, m) (1, m)

26. Customer SELL Salesman Car TERNARY RELATIONSHIP CAR REP (0,1) (0, m) Sell Customer (0,M)

27. Unary n-ary to RELATIONSHIP DEGREE

31. BASIC E-R NOTATION

32. SAMPLE ER DIAGRAM