The document discusses several species of lung flukes that can infect humans and animals. Paragonimus westermani is an important human lung fluke found in parts of Asia, Africa, and South America. It uses snails and crabs or crayfish as intermediate hosts. Infection can cause coughing and difficulty breathing as flukes migrate through the lungs. P. kellicoti is similar but found in North America, using snails and crayfish. Haematoloechus medioplexus and Prosthogonimus macrorchis are lung and oviduct flukes of frogs and birds respectively.

1. Lung Flukes – Chapter 18, p. 281-285 Paragonimus westermani Oriental Lung Fluke is an important human parasite in the Orient (Japan, Korea, China, SE Asia), Pacific islands (Philippines), and India. It is occasionally found in western Africa and South America. ______________________ human cases It is occasionally found in western Africa and South America. Parasite is not endemic in North America .

2. Paragonimus westermani Recent cases have been identified in _________________________________ in Minnesota and Wisconsin. Originally misdiagnosed as _________________________________, as the lung pathology mimics this disease.

3. Morphology of Adult Paragonimus westermani Adults are 8-12 mm long x 4-6 mm wide; 3-5 mm thick. _______________________ is lobed and located on one side of the _______________________ Egg-filled _____________________ is on opposite side of acetabulum. Characteristic structure is the extensive _____________________ - extend from anterior end to posterior end. ________________________ are lobed and are located opposite each other in mid-posterior of body.

4. Morphology of Adult Paragonimus westermani

5. Life Cycle of Paragonimus westermani DEFINITIVE HOSTS : Parasite shows low host specificity in that ____________________________ (primarily __________________________________) can serve as a definitive host. - these hosts also serve as ________________________ for transmission to a human. - thus, this parasite is a __________________________

6. Life Cycle of Paragonimus westermani HABITAT: Adults live in ________________________ _____________________________________________

7. Life Cycle of Paragonimus westermani 1. Adults occur in pairs in the __________________________ 2. __________________ are released into the bronchioles and move along the respiratory tree by ciliary action. They move into the bronchi  trachea  pharynx where they are: 1. 2.

9. Life Cycle of Paragonimus westermani 5. _______________________ _________________________ leave the snail and crawl along the pond bottom until they come in contact with a _________________________ (second intermediate host).

13. Pathology of Paragonimus westermani IMMATURE ADULTS: Migration of the immatures can be dangerous if the worms ________________________________and end up in ectopic sites such as the ________________________________ Fatalities may occur.

15. Paragonimus kellicoti Closely related species – identical to P. westermani DEFINITIVE HOSTS– adults occur in wide variety of _____________________________ including ________________________________________________________________________________________________ - distributed in North America east of the Rocky Mountains - parasite is enzootic in Wisconsin - commonly found in ________________________

16. Paragonimus kellicoti LIFE CYCLE involves snails as first intermediate hosts and pond crayfish as second intermediate hosts . ________________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ It is possible that humans could serve as hosts?

17. Haematoloechus medioplexus (p. 279-280) Frog lung fluke is a common parasite of ___________________________ throughout the world. In Wisconsin? Adults are up to 8 mm long Suckers are small Vitellaria are grape-like Ovary midanterior Oblique testes Extensive uterus covers most of the internal organs

18. LIFE CYCLE involves _____________________ first intermediate hosts and _____________________ second intermediate hosts . A frog becomes infected by ingesting dragonflies containing ____________________. Why important?

19. Reproductive System Trematode Prosthogonimus macrorchis (p. 280) Oviduct fluke occurs in _______________________________ ADULTS are commonly studied as a representative digenetic trematode due to its easy morphology.

20. Reproductive System Trematode Prosthogonimus macrorchis Adults occur in the ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ oviduct

21. Prosthogonimus macrorchis Life cycle:

22. Prosthogonimus macrorchis PATHOLOGY: Parasites can damage the oviduct of the female chicken or duck and ____________________________________________ In the male host - _____________________________