Testicular atrophy, ghosting or fibrosis of tubules, NO spermatogenesis, INCREASED interstitial cells of Leydig.
Often, Inflammations in the testicle ALSO involve the epididymis, and vice versa. Commonly urinart tract gram negatives infect BOTH. However, 1) Mumps and TB are the most common agents of primarily orchitis, and 2) CHLAMIDIA and TORSION are the most common causes of primarily epididymitis.
Infarcted testicle and epididymis due to “torsion”
Most testicular teratomas are malignant. Most ovarian teratomas are benign (e.g., dermoid cyst)
Wheras, most germ cell tumors are regarded as benign, most sex cord (NON germ cell) tumors are regarded as benign.
CZ is nearest the urethra, PZ is nearest the capsule. TZ is between the two.
Granulomatous prostatitis
Glandular hyperplasia, note ABSENCE of nucleoli.
PIN (Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia) is the grey zone between BENIGN and MALIGNANT prostate glands. The can be LOW grade PIN, or HIGH grade PIN.
NUCLEOLI separate benign from malignant prostate glands!!!
Even if, theoretically, the prostate gland cells looked 100%, if they surround nerve spaces, they are malignant. Why?
TIP: Multiple bone metastases in males is usually carcinoma of the prostate.
Know this correct order of biologic behavior.
A Gleason’s final SCORE is the SUM of the predominant pattern (1-5) and the secondary pattern (1-5). So a Gleason GRADE ranges from 1-5, and a Gleason SCORE ranges from 2-10
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