Latitudes and longitudes and india size and location

Latitude and Longitude
Unit includes:
 Compass Rose
 Definitions of latitude and longitude
 Major lines of latitude
 Hemispheres
 Finding locations using latitude and longitude

A compass rose, sometimes called a windrose, is a
figure on a compass, map, nautical chart or
monument used to display the orientation of the
cardinal directions—North, East, South and West—
and their intermediate points.

Objectives
 Students will be able to identify lines of latitude on a map including
 Equator
 North Pole
 South Pole
 Antarctic Circle
 Tropic of Cancer
 Arctic Circle
 Tropic of Capricorn.
 Students will be able to identify lines of longitude on a map including
 Prime Meridian

Objectives
 Students will be able to locate all four hemispheres including
 Northern Hemisphere
 Southern Hemisphere
 Eastern Hemisphere
 Western Hemisphere
 Students will be able to identify which line divides the earth into the
correct hemispheres.
 Students will be able to find locations on map using longitude and
latitude.

Materials
 Compass Rose Worksheet
 Globe
 World Map
 Latitude Worksheet
 Longitude Worksheet
 Different colors of yarn
 Scissors
 Matching Note cards
 Map of world showing latitude and longitude
 Globe Bingo Worksheet
 Skittles
 Student minds

 Compass Rose Map Hunt
 Latitude and Longitude Worksheet
 Signing Latitude and Longitude
 Yarning about Latitude and Longitude
 Match Latitude and Longitude
 Major lines of latitude worksheet
 Globe Says…activity about major lines of latitude
 Globe Bingo
Activities

Pre-Assessment
 Can you…
 draw and label a compass rose?
 identify the Equator and Prime Meridian on a map?
 label all the major lines of latitude on a map?
 Identify what line of latitude divides the earth into the
Northern and Southern Hemisphere? Can you identify these
hemispheres on a map?
 Identify what line of longitude divides the earth into the
Western and Eastern Hemisphere? Can you identify these
hemispheres on a map?

Compass Rose Map Hunt
 Students will draw and label a compass rose.
 Students will discuss why a compass rose is important.
 Students will locate cardinal roses on various types of maps.
 Students will discuss what a compass rose is used for and who
uses a compass rose.

Latitude
 Students will be introduced to latitude and longitude.
 Students will complete the latitude worksheet.
 Students will trace the equator in green and the other
lines of latitude in blue.

Signing Latitude
 Latitude:
 “I'm climbing the Ladder of latitudes,
latitudes, latitudes.
I'm climbing the ladder of latitudes, all
around the world.”

Longitude
 Students will be introduced to
longitude by looking at the globe.
 Students will complete the lines of
longitude worksheet.
 Students will trace the Prime
Meridian in orange and the other
lines of longitude in yellow.

Signing Longitude
 Longitude:
 “It's a LONG, LONG way from pole to
pole, pole to pole, pole to pole
It's a LONG, LONG way from pole to
pole, so we call those LONGITUDES.”

“Yarning about Latitude and Longitude”
 Students will participate in making a globe
 Four students will be in North, South, East, and West
positions
 Different colors of yarn will make
 Lines of latitude
 Lines of longitude
 Equator
 Prime Meridian
 North Pole
 South Pole

Major lines of Latitude
 Students will do the Major lines of latitude
worksheet.
 Students will locate the major lines of
latitude on the map.
 Students will identify the latitude degree of
each major line of latitude.

 North Pole
 Arctic Circle
 Equator
 Tropic of Capricorn
 South Pole
Major lines of latitude

Globe Says…
 North Pole
 Arctic Circle
 Equator
 Tropic of Capricorn
 South Pole
 Students will complete the worksheet on the major lines of latitude

 After learning the major lines of latitude students will perform
Globe says….
 Body parts represent the major lines of latitude
 Top of head – North Pole
 Ears – Arctic Circle
 Shoulders – Tropic of Cancer
 Waist – Equator
 Knees – Tropic of Capricorn
 Shins – Antarctic Circle
 Toes – South Pole
Globe Says

 To review, students will be given a
Blank Globe Bingo Worksheet.
 Students will fill in the sheet before
the next day’s class.
Globe Bingo

Globe Bingo
G L O B E
Word List
Equator Prime Meridian North Pole South Pole
Meridians Parallels East and West Cardinal Rose
Tropic of Cancer Antarctic Circle North and South East
Arctic Circle Tropic of Capricorn Northern Hemisphere Southern Hemisphere

 Students should be able to:
 Draw and label a Compass Rose
 Identify the major lines of latitude and longitude on a map
 Correctly label all four Hemispheres on a map
 Find locations on a map using
latitude and longitude
Assessment

Typical Graph
• This is an example of a typical graph
we are all familiar with.
• The graph is made up of different
“points” with lines that connect
the points.

Typical Graph
•Each point has two
values:
• The “X” value that
runs along the
horizontal “X”
axis
•The “Y” value that
runs along the
vertical “Y” axis
Y axis
X axis

• X value is always stated first
• Followed by the Y value
• The “origin” is the point where
the 2 axes intersect with a value
of (0,0)
(0,0)
(3,8)Y
X
(9,5)

• A point can also have negative (-) values
• Negative X values are to the left of the origin
(0,0)
• Negative Y values are below the
origin
X
Y
(-X,+Y)
(+X,-Y)
(+X,+Y)
(-X,-Y)
(0,0)

East West, North South on The Earth
• Let the X axis be the Equator.
• Let the Y axis be the Prime Meridian
that runs through Greenwich outside
of London.
• Lat/Long are the 2 grid points by
which you can locate any point on
earth.
Y
X

East West, North South on the Earth
• Let each of the four
quarters then be designated
by North or South and East
or West.
N
S
EW

•The N tells us we’re
north of the Equator.
The S tells us we’re
south of the Equator.
•The E tells us that
we’re east of the
Prime Meridian. The
W tells us that we’re
west of the Prime
Meridian.
(N, W) (N, E)
(S, W) (S, E)

• That means all points in India will
have a North latitude and a East
longitude because it is North of
the Equator and East of the Prime
Meridian.
(N, E)
Prime Meridian

•What would be the
latitude and
longitude
directions in
Australia?
Prime Meridian
If you said South and East , you’re right!

What is Latitude?
• Latitude is the distance from the
equator along the Y axis.
• All points along the equator have a
value of 0 degrees latitude.
• North pole = 90°N
• South pole = 90°S
• Values are expressed in terms of
degrees.
Y
X
90°S
90°N

What is Latitude?
•Each degree of latitude is
divided into 60 minutes.
• Each minute is divided into
60 seconds.
Y
X
90°S
90°N
This is also true of
longitude.

What is Latitude?
•For Example:
•37°, 02’,51’’N
•This is close to
the latitude
where you live.
Y
X
90°S
90°N

What is Longitude?
• Longitude is the distance from the
prime meridian along the X axis.
• All points along the prime meridian
have a value of 0 degrees longitude.
• The earth is divided into two parts,
or
hemispheres, of east and west
longitude.
Y
X
180°W 180°E

What is Longitude?
• The earth is divided into 360
equal slices (meridians)
• 180 west and 180 east of the
prime meridian
Y
X
180°W 180°E

What is Latitude?
•Our latitude and
longitude might be:
•30°, 44’,13’’N
•76°, 47’, 14’’E
•Chandigarh
Y
X
90°S
90°N

So Where is (0,0)?
•The origin point (0,0) is
where the equator
intersects the prime
meridian.
•(0,0) is off the western
coast of Africa in the
Atlantic Ocean.

See If You Can Tell In Which Quarter
These Lon/Lats Are Located
• 1. 41°N, 21°E
• 2. 37°N, 76°W
• 3. 72°S, 141°W
• 4. 7°S, 23°W
• 5. 15°N, 29°E
• 6. 34°S, 151°E
A B
C D

•1. B
•2. A
•3. C
•4. C
•5. B
•6. D

•See if you can find
those same
latitude/longitude
locations on a map!

Equator Latitude 0o
Latitude: (90oN to 90oS)
Latitude 23½o NorthTropic of Cancer
Latitude 23½o SouthTropic of Capricorn
Longitude 30o East
Longitude 60o East
Longitude 30o West
Longitude 60o West
Positioning on the Earth’s Surface
East is the direction of
rotation of the Earth North Pole
South Pole
23½o
23½o
66½o90o
900
21st June
22nd December
22nd Sept
20th March
30oE60oE90oE90oW30oW60oW
Longitude 90oEast
Longitude 90o West
Prime Meridian
0o Longitude
Longitude: (180oE to 180oW)
Latitude and Longitude together enable the fixing of position on the Earth’s surface.

Now you’re ready to find some locations
on a map!

TIME ZONES
Math and Geography
in Action

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Why so many Time Zones?
North
Pole
15°
1 revolution of Earth = 365.25 days
6 hours x 4 years = Leap year
& we catch up
1 rotation of Earth = 24 hours
Circle = 360°
360° /24 = 15° = 1 hour
Earth rotates 15° each hour
At the equator Earth ≈ 24,900 miles
= 1037.5 miles in an hour

Likened to a Number Line
ADD and hour
for each time zone
as you move EAST
SUBTRACT an hour
for each time zone
as you move WEST
- 0 +
Your place
of origin

• Areas of the world on non-
standard time
• 2 South Pacific islands
• India
• Afghanistan
• Nepal
• Iran
• Sri Lanka
• Newfoundland
• Central Australia
• Myanmar (Burma)
Non- Standard Time
The deviation of time
keeping from the standard
time zone in which a place
is geographically located.
The usual deviation occurs
in quarter hour
increments, i.e. 15
minutes, 30 minutes, or 45
minutes.

USING WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED
True or False:
If EVERY part of the statement is TRUE, write T.
If ANY part of the statement is FALSE, write F.
1. The earth makes one complete rotation every 24 hours.
2. For every 15° of longitude, there is a difference of one hour in time.
3. Time zones always have straight boundaries.
4. It is 12 noon everywhere on the earth at the same time.
5. The letters a.m. stand for the 12 hours before 12 noon.
6. Post meridiem means the 12 hours after 12 noon.
7. The line of longitude at 180° is called the Prime Meridian.
8. When you travel across the International Date Line you stay in the same day.
9. When you cross the Prime Meridian, you stay in the same day.
10. It takes one hour for the earth to rotate 15°.
True or False

1. In what areas of the world do you find non-standard time?
2. You are in New York and you want to call someone in Rome, Italy, at noon Rome time.
When would you call?
3. Assume that flying from New York to London requires 6 hours. When would a flight
leaving New York on a Wednesday at 6:00 p.m. arrive in London?
4. You are flying from Los Angeles to Moscow. You leave Los Angeles at 10:00 a.m. on
Saturday and you arrive in Moscow on Sunday at 9:00 a.m. How many hours did you
actually spend flying?
5. You are planning a flight from Bombay, India, to Washington, D.C., that must connect
through several cities. You will leave Bombay on August 2, at 8:00 A.M., and will continue
directly through Beijing and Los Angeles to Washington, D.C. What time is it in
Washington, D.C., when you begin your trip? What will be the date when you arrive in
Washington, D.C.?
6. If it is 3:00 p.m. in Greenwich, what time is it in India?
7. If it is 9:00 A.M. in Cape Town, what time is it in Washington, D.C.?
8. If it is Tuesday, 4:30 p.m. in Japan, what day and time is it in Honolulu?
9. If it is Friday, 8:15 A.M. in Rio de Janeiro what day and time is it in Beijing?
Time it! Practice

Lines of
longitude only
Equator
added Other lines of
latitude added

Cross-sections
through lines of
latitude
Cross-section
through line of
longitude

Orange cut
through
lines of
longitude
Orange cut through lines of
latitude

Draw a map
of this world.
There are 4
countries:
Red, Light
Green, Dark
Green and
Purple.

Latitude lines run east/west but they measure north or south
of the equator (0°) splitting the earth into the Northern
Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere.

Latitude
North Pole
South Pole
Lines of
latitude are
numbered
from 0° at
the equator
to 90° N.L. at
the North
Pole.
Lines of
latitude are
numbered
from 0° at
the equator
to 90° S.L.
at the
South Pole.
]
[
90 80
70
60
50
40
20
30
10
90
80
70
60
50
40
20
10
30

Latitude
The North Pole
is at 90° N
The South Pole
is at 90° S
The equator
is at 0°
latitude. It is
neither
north nor
south. It is
at the center
between
north and
south.
40° N is the 40°
line of latitude
north of the
equator.
40° S is the 40°
line of latitude
south of the
equator.

Longitude
Lines of longitude begin
at the Prime Meridian.
60° W is the
60° line of
longitude west
of the Prime
Meridian.
The Prime Meridian is located at 0°. It is neither east or west
60° E is the
60° line of
longitude
east of the
Prime
Meridian.
W E

Longitude
Lines of longitude are numbered east from the
Prime Meridian to the 180° line and west from the
Prime Meridian to the 180° line.
PRIME MERIDIAN
WestLongitude
EastLongitude
180
°
N
EW
S
North Pole

Prime Meridian
The Prime Meridian (0°) and the 180° line split the earth
into the Western Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere.
Prime Meridian
Western
Hemisphere
Eastern
Hemisphere
Places located east of the Prime Meridian have an east
longitude (E) address. Places located west of the Prime

• SEPARATES 2 CALENDAR DAYS.
America to Asia – gain a day
Asia to America – lose a day
INTERNATIONAL DATE LINE
180°

By combining latitude and longitude, any location
can be pinpointed

A location’s coordinates
(____° N or S, ____ ° E or W)

W E
S
Application
N
India is in the Northern Hemisphere because it is north of the
Equator. India is in the Eastern Hemisphere because it is east of
the Prime Meridian.

Fractions of a Degree
• 1 degree = 60 minutes or 1 minute is 1/60th of a degree
• Use minutes if location is not directly on the latitude/longitude line
• Written ----- Degree/minute = XX° xx’ compass direction
30’ is half-way
between
degrees

 The world rotates (spins) 360° in 24 hours.
360° / 24 hours = 15° per hour
 The world has 24 time zones, each l5° apart.
THERE IS A 1 HOUR TIME DIFFERENCE FOR
EVERY 15° OF LONGITUDE
LONGITUDE AND TIME

 The world rotates west to east (counterclockwise), time
zones to the east are ahead of the those time zones to the
west
Greenwich, England is the logical starting point for
time zones

EAST INCREASE
Time is forward to all places to the east
WEST LESS
Time is backward to all places to the west
ANOTHER CHEESY SAYING

East Increase – West Less
(1 hr per l5°)
If it 9 p.m. at Position D, what time is it at position C? Position B?
If it is 1 p.m. at Position X, at which location is the time 5 p.m.

Earth rotates west to east
Solar time is based on the position of
the sun
NIGHT IS FALLING ON EARTH
Look at the East Coast of the United
States. The lights are already lit.
California the sun is still visible.

This pictures shows
AMERICAN CITIES at
night.

Saguenay
Ottawa
Sept-Iles
Mexico
City
Québec
Montréal
St.John
Those light are Boston, New
York, Philadelphia and
Washington.
Toronto
Detroit
Miami
Havana
Puerto Rico
Houston
Dallas
It’s still daylight
in California
Thunder Bay
Port-au-Prince

NIGHT IS FALLING ON EARTH.
Look at Paris and Barcelona, the lights are
already lit, meanwhile in London, Lisbon and
Madrid the sun is still visible.
Looking south, we can see the islands in the
middle of the ocean.
We have a perfect view of the British Islands,
Iceland and Canada.

India is one of the ancient civilizations in the
world. It has achieved multifaceted socio
economic progress during the last five decades. It
has moved forward displaying remarkable
progress in the field of agriculture, industry,
technology and overall economic development.
India has also contributed significantly to the
making of world history.

To the southeast and southwest of the mainland, lie the Andaman and
Nicobar islands and the Lakshadweep islands in Bay of Bengal and
Arabian Sea respectively.

Latitudes: 8 degree 4’ N and 37 degree 6’ N
Longitudes: 68 degree 7’ E and 97 degree 25’ E
India is divided into almost two equal parts by the Tropic of Cancer (23 degree 30’ N).
Andaman and Nicobar Islands are situated towards the Southeast of the Indian mainland in the Bay of Bengal.
Lakshadweep Islands are situated towards the Southwest of the Indian mainland in the Arabian Sea.

17.09
9.98
9.62 9.59
8.51
7.69
3.28
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Russia Canada USA China Brazil Australia India
Area of different countries
Area(inmillionsq.km)
Country

97.6
2.4
Area
Rest of the world India

Maharishi Valmiki has
recorded in his Ramayan-
(Yuudh Kand, sarg 22 and
shlokas 45-73) that Shri
Rama’s army constructed a
bridge over the sea between
Rameswaram and Sri Lanka.
After crossing this bridge, Shri
Rama’s army reached Sri
Lanka, defeated Ravana and
liberated Sita from his
captivity.
It is found exactly at the
location narrated in Valmiki
Ramayan

Space images
taken by NASA
reveal an ancient
bridge in the Palk
Strait between
Bharat and Sri
Lanka.

The existence of the bridge obviously cannot be denied!
However to what extent there was manual intervention in
connecting the gaps between the shoals, islands and rocks
is a subject for detailed marine archaeological and
geological research. This kind of research has never been
carried out nor has any team been constituted so far.
However, there is enough evidence about the existence as
well as the use of this bridge in ancient Bharatiya history,
literature and travelogues etc. 'Ramayana', which mentions
a bridge between Rameshwaram (Bharat) and the Sri-
Lankan coast, constructed under the supervision of the
dynamic and invincible figure of Rama, who is the
incarnate of the supreme.

Of the three major lines, Only Tropic of Cancer passes through India.
Tropic of cancer passing through Indian states are as follows
1-Gujarat
2- Rajasthan
3- Madhaya Pradesh
4- Chattisgarh
5- Jharkhand
6- West Bengal
7- Tripura
8- Mizoram

Tropic of Cancer board near Bhopal, India

"KARK VRUT" a TROPIC OF CANCER passes here approch road to
BHIRANDIARA - KHAVADA - KALODUNGAR of KUTCH.

Latitudes and longitudes and india size and location

Latitudes and longitudes and india size and location

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Latitudes and longitudes and india size and location