1. ATTENTION DEFICIT
HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER
A Case Study

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What is ADHD?
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder or ADHD:
It is a psychiatric disorder of the neurodevelopmental type.
in which there are significant problems of
Hyperactivity, Impulsivity and Inattention. The person acts
impulsively which is not appropriate for a person's age.
The disorder is observed mainly in children aged between
six to twelve and be present for more than six months for a
diagnosis to be made.
In school-aged individuals the lack of focus may result in
poor school performance.

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Symptoms of ADHD
Hyperactivity
• Fidgets with hands or
feet or squirms in seat
• Leaves seat when
remaining in seat is
expected
• Runs about or climbs
excessively in
situations in which is
inappropriate
• Finds it difficult to
playing or enjoying
leisure activities quietly
• Acts as if "driven by a
motor“
• Excessive Talking
Impulsivity
• Blurts out answers
before questions have
been finished
• Has trouble waiting
one's turn
• Interrupts or intrudes
on others (e.g., butts
into conversations or
games)
Inattention
• Makes careless
mistakes in
schoolwork, or other
activities
• Does not seem to listen
when spoken to
directly
• Does not follow
through on instructions
and fails to finish
schoolwork, chores, or
duties in the workplace
• Has trouble organizing
• Often loses thing in
regular use.

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Primary Characteristics
• When many people think of attention deficit disorder, they
picture an out-of-control kid in constant motion, bouncing
off the walls and disrupting everyone around. These are
hyperactive kids with ADD/ADHD
• Some sit quietly with their attention miles away. Some put
too much focus on a task and have trouble shifting it to
something else.
• Some are only mildly inattentive, but overly impulsive.

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Symptoms of inattention
• Doesn’t pay attention to details
• Makes careless mistakes
• Has trouble staying focused; is easily distracted
• Appears not to listen when spoken to
• Has difficulty remembering things and following
instructions
• Has trouble staying organised, planning ahead, and
finishing projects
• Gets bored with a task before it’s completed
• Frequently loses or misplaces homework, books, toys, or
other items

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Symptoms of hyperactivity
• Often leaves his or her seat in situations where sitting
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quietly is expected.
Moves around constantly, often runs or climbs
inappropriately
Talks excessively
Has difficulty playing quietly or relaxing
Is always “on the go,” as if driven by a motor
May have a quick temper or a “short fuse”.

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Symptoms of impulsivity
• Acts without thinking
• Blurts out answers in class without waiting to be called on
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•
•
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or hear the whole question
Can’t wait for his or her turn in line or in games
Says the wrong thing at the wrong time
Often interrupts others
Intrudes on other people’s conversations or games
Inability to keep powerful emotions in check, resulting in
angry outbursts or temper tantrums
Guesses, rather than taking time to solve a problem

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Spotting ADHD at different ages
• Impulsive behaviors such as the dangerous climb, the
blurted insult, that often stand out in preschoolers with
ADD/ADHD.
• Unable to pay attention to others, to sit quietly when
instructed to, and not to say everything that pops into their
heads.
• Children reach school age, those with ADHD stand out in
all three behaviors: inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and
impulsivity.

9. MYTHS
1. All kids with ADHD are hyperactive
2. Kids with ADHD can never pay attention
3. Kids with ADHD could behave better if they wanted
4. Kids will eventually grow out of ADHD
5. Medication is the best option for ADHD

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Myths and Facts of ADHD
Myth
1. Kids with ADHD could behave
better if they wanted
2. Kids will eventually grow out of
ADHD
3. Medication is the best option for
ADHD
Fact
Children with ADHD may do their
best to be good, but still be unable to
sit still, stay quiet, or pay attention.
They may appear disobedient, but
that doesn’t mean they’re acting out
on purpose..
ADHD often continues into adulthood.
Treatment can help a to child learn to
manage and minimize the symptoms.
Medication might not be the best
option only. Effective treatment for
ADHD includes education, behavior
therapy, support at home and
school, exercise, and proper nutrition.

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Question
Which one of these children may have ADHD?
A. The hyperactive boy who talks nonstop & can’t sit still.
B. The quiet dreamer who stares away into space.
C. Both A and B
The correct answer is “C.”
Children with ADHD may be:
• Inattentive, but not hyperactive or impulsive.
• Hyperactive and impulsive, but able to pay attention.
• Inattentive, hyperactive, and impulsive (the most common
form of ADHD).

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Positive effects of ADHD
Creativity
Children who have ADHD can be creative and imaginative.
The child who daydreams and has ten different thoughts at
once can become a master problem-solver, a fountain of
ideas, or an inventive artist.
Flexibility
Because children with ADHD consider a lot of options at
once, they don’t become set on one alternative early on
and are more open to different ideas.

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Positive effects contd….
Enthusiasm and spontaneity
Children with ADHD are interested in a lot of different
things and have lively personalities. In short, if they’re not
exasperating you (and sometimes even when they
are), they’re a lot of fun to be with.
Energy and drive
When kids with ADHD are motivated, they work or play
hard and strive to succeed. It actually may be difficult to
distract them from a task that interests them, especially if
the activity is interactive or hands-on. Many children with
ADHD are intellectually or artistically gifted.

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