Coordinate geometry represents points on a number line with real numbers. The number line places positive numbers to the right of zero and negative numbers to the left. The Cartesian coordinate system uniquely determines points in two or three dimensional space using perpendicular x and y axes intersecting at the origin. René Descartes developed this system, linking algebra and geometry by describing curves and lines with equations. The coordinate plane has perpendicular x and y axes. Points are located using their x and y coordinates, which represent horizontal and vertical distances from the origin. The plane is divided into four quadrants numbered counter-clockwise from the top right. Ordered pairs notation (x,y) specifies a point's location by listing the x coordinate first.

2. Coordinate geometry or the system of coordinate geometry has been derived from the
correspondence of the points on the number line and real number. A very unique number coordinate can
be represented on a number line and any of the real number can be located on the number line. The number line
represents the whole of the real number. By the way of the convection the number line is a horizontal placed
line at its right hand side the positive Numbers are placed and on the left hand side the negative number are
placed and they both are separated by the 0 or we can say zero is placed in the middle of them.

3. Coordinate system , or Cartesian coordinate system as is sometimes known, is a rectangular system used to uniquely
determine a point in two or three dimensional space by its distance from the origin of the coordinate system.
It gained its name from a French mathematician and philosopher
René Descartes (1596-1650),.The method of describing the location of points in this way was
proposed by René Descartes (1596 - 1650). He developed ideas about this system in his book -
Discourse on Method(published in 1637He proposed further that curves and lines could be
described by equations using this technique, thus being the first to link algebra and geometry.

4. The coordinate plane is a two-dimensional surface on which we can plot points,
lines and curves. It has two scales, called the x-axis and y-axis, at right angles to
each other. The plural of axis is 'axes' . Points on the plane are located using two
numbers - x and y coordinates. These are the horizontal and vertical distances of
the point from a specific location called the origin.
Coordinate
plane

5. X axis
The horizontal scale is called the x-axis. As you go to the right on the scale from zero, the
values are positive and get larger. As you go to the left from zero, they get more and
more negative.
Y axis
The vertical scale is called the y-axis. As you go up from zero the numbers are increasing
in a positive direction. As you go down from zero they get more and more negative.
Axis labeling
Along each axis you will see small tic marks with numbers. These are labels to help judge
the scale. They are shown every 5 units in the figure above, but can be any increment,
and need not be the same on both axes.
Origin
The point where the two axes cross (at zero on both scales) is called the origin. The
origin is the point from which all distances along the x and y axes are measured. In
the figure above you can drag the origin point to reposition it to a more suitable
location at any time.

6. The two axes divide the plane into four areas called quadrants. The first quadrant, by
convention, is the top right, and then they go around counter-clockwise. In the
diagram above they are labeled Quadrant 1,2 etc. It is conventional to label them with
numerals but we talk about them as "first, second, third, and fourth quadrant". They
are also sometimes labeled with Roman numerals: I, II, III and IV.

7. The coordinates of a point are a pair of numbers that define its exact location on a two-dimensional plane.
Recall that the coordinate plane has two axes at right angles to each other, called the x and y -axis. The
coordinates of a given point represent how far along each axis the point is located.

8. Ordered Pair
The coordinates are written as an "ordered pair" as shown below. The letter P is simply the name of the point and is used to distinguish it
from others.
The two numbers in parentheses are the x and y coordinate of the point. The first number (x) specifies how far along the x
(horizontal) axis the point is. The second is the y coordinate and specifies how far up or down the y axis to go. It is called an ordered pair
because the order of the two numbers matters - the first is always the x (horizontal) coordinate.
The sign of the coordinate is important. A positive number means to go to the right (x) or up(y). Negative numbers mean to go left (x) or down
(y). (The figure at the top of the page has the values of the axes labeled with the appropriate sign).
Abscissa
The abscissa is another name for the x (horizontal) coordinate of a point. Not used very much. Most commonly, the term "x-coordinate" is
used.
Ordinate
The ordinate is another name for the y (vertical) coordinate of a point. Not used very much. Most commonly, the term "y-coordinate" is used.

9.  Determine the distance between them
 Find the midpoint, slope and equation of a line segment
 Determine if lines are parallel or perpendicular
 Find the area and perimeter of a polygon defined by the points
 Transform a shape by moving, rotating and reflecting it.
 Define the equations of curves, circles and ellipses.
 Information on all these and more can be found in the pages listed
below.