Construction equpiment

Wednesday, February 06, 2013rahulagrawal05@sify.com 1
GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Osmanpura, Station Road,
AURANGABAD M.S. - 431 005
Construction Management
Subject – Construction Equipment
Guidance by
Dr.U.J.Kahalekar sir

CONTAINS
Introduction
Categories of Construction Equipment
A. Excavating & Transporting Equipment
B. Compaction Equipment
C. Hauling Equipments
D. Hoisting Equipments
E. Pumping Equipment
F. Equipment used in concrete construction
G. Asphalt Mixing Plant
H. Asphalt laying equipment
Conclusion
Reference

INTRODUCTION
• The Cost of Equipment in a project varies from 10 to 30% of
the total project depending upon the extent of work. Proper
planning, selection, procurement, installation, operation,
maintenance plays and important role in the completion of the
project.
• The role of construction equipments in roads, highways, large
building, dams, canal etc., will play important role.

Categories of Construction Equipment
• Excavating & Transporting (Heavy Earth Moving)
Equipments.
• Compaction Equipments.
• Hauling Equipments.
• Hoisting Equipments.
• Pumping Equipments.
• Equipment used in concrete construction.
• Asphalt Mixing Plant.
• Asphalt Laying Equipments.

Types of Earthmoving Equipments
1. Production Equipment : Equipment used for digging,
moving the material to the site of construction or to the
crushing plant.
2. Service Equipment : These are for the help of main
production equipment to achieve optimum capacity. For
small works dozers can be used as productive equipment.
Motor Grader is used as production equipment in road
construction projects, while it is used as service.

A)Excavating & Transporting
Equipment
Tractor-
Important Equipment for
earthmoving, worked by Diesel
engines, having horse power
ranging from 20HP to 200HP.
Types-
i) Crawler or truck type
ii) wheel or pneumatic type.
Wheeled tractor

Excavating /Heavy Earthmoving
Equipment
• 2)Bull-Dozers: Used for shallow Excavation, Hauling the
earth for short distance, pushing earth & uprooting trees.
Types:-Crawler Dozer & Wheeled Dozer
Crawler Dozer Wheeled Dozer

Equipment
Grader
It is self propelled or
towed machine motor
grader, Used for light or
medium works. It shapes
the ground and spreads the
loose material.

Equipment
Scrapper : It is a device to scrap the ground & load it
simultaneously, transport it over required distance. It can
dig, load, haul and discharge the material in uniformly
thick layers.

Equipment
Power shovel/ Dipper Shovel's
power shovel or front shovel or
electric mining shovel is a
bucket equipped machine. It is
used to excavate earth of all
classes except rock and load it
into wagons. They are mounted
on crawler tracks. It consist
mounting, cab, boom, dipper
stick, dipper & hoist line.
.

Equipment
Draglines : They are
used to excavate soft
earth from below
ground and to deposit
or to load in wagons.
Output of dragline is
measured in Cubic
Meters per hour.

Equipment
Clam shell : It consist
of a bucket of two
halves which are
hinged together at top.
It is used to excavate
soft to medium
materials and loose
materials.

Equipment
Hoe : It can exert high
tooth pressures and
hence can excavate stiff
material which normally
cannot be excavated by
dragline. Out put of hoe
is greatest when the
excavation is done near
the machine, because
cycle time of operation
reduces.

Equipment
Loader : A bucket is attached to arms , capable of being
raised, lowered and dumped through mechanical control.
Application-Land filling, road Maintenance.
Wheeled Loader Crawler Loader

Equipment
Excavator : Are basically digging machine. A
superstructure with operator cabin traverse through 360
Degree. Application-Land excavation, pipe laying, ditch
cleaning.
Backhoe Loader
Crewel Excavator

Equipment
Cranes : This are used
for lifting the loads,
(may be loose material
packages, container
finished and semi
finished product) and
placing them at desired
place.

Compaction Equipment
Compactors are machines frequently used to compact
materials such as soil in order to increase its density for
construction.
1. In addition, compactors are utilized in landfill tasks.
2. Common varieties are plate tampers (also known as
rammers)
3. Vibratory plates, compactors (also known as tamping
foot rollers) &
4. Vibratory pad foot compactors.
These categories are further divided below….

Smooth wheeled roger
These are most suitable
for compacting gravels,
sand and such like
materials. Examples are
Three wheeled or
macadam rollers and
tandem rollers .

Sheep’s foot roller
It consist steel cylindrical
drum with projection
extending radial direction
outward from surface of
cylinder & may be propelled
or towed by tractor. It is
suitable for silty & clay
sand, medium and heavy
clay.

Pneumatic tyred roller
It gives kneading action
as well as compression
to the soil underneath. It
is suitable for
moderately cohesive
silty soils, clayey soils,
gravelly and clen sand.

Hauling Equipments
Haulage by road is carried out by trucks, rubber tyred tractor
with wagons or crawler tractor with wagons. It transport the
earth, aggregate, rock, ore, coal and other materials. Road
vehicles used for haulage on construction work are two types.
1. On Highway Vehicle-Design to be used on Public Highways
2. Off Highway Vehicle-Designed to be used construction sites &
designed and manufactured to preclude there use on their use on
public roads and they may or may not comply highway limitation.

Hauling Equipments.
Truck
They have high mobility,
good speed and
adoptability. The truck
capacity varies from 0.4
Cum to 20 Cum & speed
vary from 10kmph to30
kmph.

Hauling Equipments.
Dump Truck
These are the truck
which are fitted with
automatic unloading
devices. The loading
is normally done by
loading shovels or
loaders. The truck
have capacity as high
as 53 tones. These
truck can be rear
dump truck.
Fig. On Highway dump truck

Hauling Equipments.
Scrapper
These are important
units used also for
hauling the material
at moderate speed
up to 30 kmph.

Hoisting Equipments
This equipments are used for lifting the loads, holding them
in suspension during transfer from one place to other and
placing them at designated location.
Uses:-
1. Pulleys
2. Chain hoists
3. Winches
4. Cranes

Pumping Equipments
Pump is a mechanical device to increase the pressure energy on
the liquid being handled and it is used construction projects.
Different types of pumps are required depending upon the job
requirements.
Types-
1. Reciprocating pump
2. Centrifugal Pump
3. Sludge Pump
4. Submersible Turbine pump

Pumping Equipments
Reciprocating pump
• Is also known positive
displacement pump
because in it liquid is
pushed out of the
cylinder by actual
displacement of the
piston or plunger.
• It creates vacuum
pressure which rises the
water.

Pumping Equipments
Centrifugal pump
Priming is done before the start
of the pump to remove the air
from inside. In priming water is
filled in the suction pipe casing
& into a portion of delivery pipe
up to delivery valve and during
priming delivery valve must be
closed while impeller rotate &
constant speed attains pump &
velocity energy converted to
pressure energy.

Equipment used in concrete
construction.
• Concrete is basically cement, aggregate & water mixed
together and then deposited and permitted to solidify.
• Operation involved in concrete production batching,
mixing, handling and transportation, placing, finishing
curing.
• In huge concreting concrete and quality depends on time of
mixing, so mixers are used.

construction.
Hand fed tilting mixers
• This are the smaller capacity
mixers. Aggregate, cement
and water are fed into the
drum by hand.
• The revolving drum with its
mixing blades gives a
lifting, combing and
agitation to mix the
concrete.
Loader fed tilting drum mixer
• These mixers are of larger
capacity as compared to the
fed tilting drum mixers.
• Mixer are fitted with a loading
hopper operated by rope.
Mixing drum is supported on
solid iron yoke and can tilted
either side

construction.
Hand fed tilting mixers
Loader fed tilting drum mixer

construction.
Reversing Drum mixers
• Used in larger work.
• Mixing drum in
horizontal position &
non tilting type.
• Two sets of blade, one
blade mixes while drum
is rotated and other
discharges the mix when
drum is rotated in
reverse.
Roller Pan mixer
• Is used for morter.
• The roller and mixing
blades rotate in a pan and
not only mix the material
but also produce a kneading
and crushing action.
• The drive to the rollers and
mixing blade is provided by
either diesel engine or
electric motor.

construction.
Reversing Drum mixers
Roller Pan mixer

construction
Truck mixers
• Concrete mixed batch is
transported from the
batching and mixing plant to
site.
• Fully or partly mixed
concrete is transported
throgh truck mixers,when
the construction site is far
from batching plant.
• Entire mixing is carried in
journey.
Concrete dumpers
• Is used to carry mix from
concrete mixer to site.
• Mixer is kept near the site
from the concrete dumpers.
• This are used for short leads
only.
• This Dumper may be two
wheel or four wheel drive
propelled by diesel engine
has a low centre of gravity.

construction

construction.-Vibrator
• For compacting the concrete after its placement concrete
vibrator is used. It help volume of concrete quickly placed,
give high density , reduce air voids.
• Types of Vibrators
• Internal vibrators-Use on large work for flat slab.
• External or form vibrators-uses for thin section of walls.
• Surface vibrator-used to finish concrete surface such as
bridge floor, road slab, section platform.
• Table Vibrator-used for consolidation of precast units.

needle Vibrators
Surface vibrator
Table Vibrator

Asphalt Mixing Plant
• Asphalt plant are used to prepare asphalt.
• Is a mixer of bitumen and inert mineral matter
is utilized in bitumen base course, binder
course.
• Types –Hot mix
• Cold Mix

Hot mix- It has accepted a
standard surfacing for heavy
duty roads and airfields.
• It is proportionate mixture of
coarse aggregate, fine
aggregate, mineral filler,
bitumen.
• Aggregate & bitumen are
heated and then mixed in a
unit is known Hot mix Plant.
• Types-Batch & continuous

• Capacity of H.M.P 60/90T.PH.means the plant has minimum
capacity of 60 tons pr hour when dry aggregate having an
initial surface moisture content 6 % and thermal temperature
180 Degree Centigrade whereas max. capacity of 90 tones
per hour at 2% moisture content.
• Function-Heating and drying aggregate.
• Screening & measuring aggregate, the filler and bitumen.
• Mixing the aggregate & bitumen in proportion to produce
homogenous mix.

Batch and Continuous-Mix Plants

Cold mix
• It involves mixing of cold or sun warmed aggregate, with hot
or cold application of bitumen.
• Types-Fixed Vane type
• Paddle Mixer (Pug mil)

Cold mix
Types-Fixed Vane
• This consist of a rotating
cylindrical drum provided on the
inside with a set of vanes.
• The vanes facilitate the
movement of the aggregate
inside drum, enabling the
aggregate to be properly coated
with bitumen.
• These types of mixer are
operated manually, like hard
drum mixers and are used for
preparing mix for patch repairs.

Types-Paddle Mixer
• It consist of an engine driven
pug mill type of mixer. Is fitted
2 shafts rotating in opposite
direction on each shaft.
• Mixer in lined on the inside
with a renewable manganese
steel plate. Trap door controlled
by a lever to permit discharge of
mix into a wheel barrow placed
below the trap door
• Capacity from 0.15 Cum to
0.30Cum per batch.
Cold mix

Drum Mixer
Drum mixer is popular because initial
capital investment is less than
convention plant.
Components-cold aggregate feeder
with mineral filler, dryer with dust
collecting system, bitumen storage,
heating & delivery system, mix
storage unit, operator cabin and
controls.
Advantage-Expenditure on spare part,
men-hour for maintance,
requirement of power reduce. Initial
cost is less.
Good quality coating at low
temperature.

Asphalt Laying Equipement
• Paver Fisher-Is a machine for laying and spreading sub-base,
base courses or asphalt for road construction to give accurate
depth, even leveling and good surface finish before rolling.
• Max. speed of paver 150m/min with basic width.

Asphalt Laying Equipment
Automatic level and cross fall sensor- It is electro-hydraulic
system that enables the paver to lay a mat to a
predetermined level and cross fall, regardless or undulations
in the road base.
Bitumen Distributors-It is mounted on a truck chassis and
have a tank with pump, valve system and spray bar
Usual size of bitumen distributor tanks range between 5000
to 12000 litres.

construction
• The tank mounted on truck
chassis with a heating system oil
is fired burners with the direct
heat from the flues passing
through tank.
• The tank has two gauges for
indicating bitumen temperature
and bitumen content In tank.
• For feeding bitumen spray bar
mounted across the machine.
• When bar is not spraying
bitumen circulate from tank to
spray bar and vice versa.
• Thermometer mounted on tank.

• Road marking machine-this are the self propelled
or hand operated machine used to spray the paint on
the road for marking lines.
• It consist air compressor, compressed air tanks,
paint tanks, solvent tank, automatic spray nozzles in
addition to drive system of machine prime mover,
clutch, gear, stearing and break system.
• Compressor keep pressure 3.5 to 4 kg/sq cm.
• Paint spray controlled by compressed air gun in
nozzle.

Road marking machine

• Road maintenance van –Is a three wheel, towed or small
truck vehicles are becoming popular in advance countries. This
useful for maintenance at fast rate and economical and
convenient.
• It cleans patches, sprays bituminous emulsions, carries 2 sizes
of stone aggregates, transport two operators and also paint road
marking.
• It consist Engine driven air compressor, tank of bituminous
emulsion, with heating assuagements, fuel tank with a device
of self refueling, pressure spraying with hand lance,
compressed air distributor for path cleaning, shovels, pickaxe,
tamper, broom, mixer for cold mixes.

Conclusion
• Every civil Engineer to have update his knowledge
about latest equipment and machinery for achievement
of economy and time management.
Reference
• Book of Construction equipment and its management by
S.C.Sharma.
• www.constructionequipment.com
• www.wikipadia.org/wiki/bulldozer
• Book of Construction planning & equipment by Peurifoy.

Thanks for Guidance
Dr.U.J.Kahalekar sir
rahulagrawal05@sify.com

Construction equpiment

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