Combustion or burning is the exothermic chemical reaction between a fuel and oxidant that produces heat and converts chemical species. It involves the oxidation of organic compounds or hydrocarbons and the products are compounds of each element in the fuel combined with the oxidizing element, such as oxygen. A flame is the visible, gaseous part of a fire caused by a highly exothermic reaction taking place in a thin zone, and some flames can be considered plasma if hot enough to be ionized. Fuels store potential energy that can be released as heat through combustion or other oxidation reactions.

3. Combustion or burning is the sequence
of exothermic chemical reactions between a fuel and
an oxidant accompanied by the production of
heat and conversion of chemical species. The release
of heat can produce light in the form of
either glowing or a flame. Fuels of interest often
include organic compounds (especially hydrocarbons)
in the gas, liquid or solid phase.
In a complete combustion reaction, a compound
reacts with an oxidizing element, such
as oxygen or fluorine, and the products are
compounds of each element in the fuel with the
oxidizing element.

11. A fire fighting foam is
simply a stable mass of
small air-filled bubbles,
which have a lower
density than oil, gasoline
or water. Foam is made
up of three ingredients water, foam concentrate
and air.

12. Sodium bicarbonate
(baking soda) is a
substance found in all
living things, regulating
pH balance. Made from
sodium carbonate (soda
ash), soda ash is mined
from trona ore.

14. A flame is the visible, gaseous part of
a fire. It is caused by a highly exothermic
reaction taking place in a thin
zone. Some flames, such as the flame of a
burning candle, are hot enough to
have ionized gaseous components and can
be considered plasma. This subject is,
however, hotly debate

16. There is a surplus of
oxygen and the flame
burns clean and
blue. Temperature is
around 800°C. In a candle
the heat from this zone
melts nearby wax to allow
for wicking.

17. Pyrolysis (cracking) of the
fuel begins due to the
shortage of oxygen creating
minute carbon
particles. The temperature
is about 1,000°C.

18. There is oxygen surplus in this
non-luminous zone and carbon
particles burn faster and more
completely at the boundary
between Zone 4 and Zone 5. The
temperature is around 1,400°C. If
a draft lowers the temperAature
below 1,000°C, soot particles cease
burning and end up on your pot or
in your lungs.

19. This area is bright
yellow. There is still
insufficient oxygen for
complete burning so pyrolysis
continues and larger carbon
particles are produced. The
temperature is around
1,200°C.

20. Fuels are any materials that store potential energy in forms
that can be practicably released and used as heat energy.
The concept originally applied solely to those materials
storing energy in the form of chemical energy that could be
released through combustion,[1] but the concept has since
been also applied to other sources of heat energy such
as nuclear energy (via nuclear fission or nuclear fusion), as
well as releases of chemical energy released through noncombustion oxidation (such as in cellular biology or in fuel
cells).

22. Liquid fuels are combustible or
energy-generating molecules that
can be harnessed to
create mechanical energy, usually
producing kinetic energy; they also
must take the shape of their
container. It is the fumes of liquid
fuels that are flammable instead of
the FLUID.
LIQUID FUEL

23. Solid fuel refers to various types of
solid material that are used as fuel to
produce energy and provide heating,
usually released through combustion.
Solid fuels include wood (see wood
fuel), charcoal, peat, coal, Hexamine
fuel tablets, and pellets made from
wood (see wood pellets), corn, wheat,
rye and other grains. Solid-fuel rocket
technology also uses solid fuel (see
solid propellants).

24. Fuel gas is any one of a
number of fuels that under
ordinary conditions are
gaseous. Many fuel gases are
composed of hydrocarbons
(such as methane or propane),
hydrogen, carbon monoxide, or
mixtures thereof.