Brazil environment, society and politics

Brazil: Environment, Society and
Politics
by Rafa Art

Agenda
Introduction
From discovery to pre industrialization
Modern Times and Impacts
– Years 1910-1960
– Years 1970- 2010
Conclusion
Jul/14 | Rafa Art
www.agendasustentabilidade.com.br

Introduction
Brazil experienced changing of control
Environmental impacts
Society transformation
Cultural transformation and impacts
Coffee - 1935. Cândido Portinari Workers – 1923. Tarcila do Amaral
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From discovery to pre
industrialization
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• Portuguese X Indians
Impacts
Resource
Communication
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• Exploration of Pau-brasil at the beginning of
the 15th century
Uncontrolled
extraction, by
French
Beginning of law enforcement
1516 - 1534
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• Village of São Vicente 1532
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Cultural change – news possibilities
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• African Slaves - 1538
• Napoleon Bonaparte - 1808
• Law Aurea - Imperial Law N° 3,353 - 1888
• Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca  Brazil Republic -
1889
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Emigration –multicultural country
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Modern Times and its
impacts
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Modern Times and its impacts
The plus period
+ People
+ Development
+ Impacts
+ Laws
+ Corruption
+ Emigration | Imigration
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Modern Times and its
impacts - Years 1910-1960
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Modern Times and its impacts – Years 1910-1960
rises by over 300% - from 1900 to 1960: 17 million to over 70
million.
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• New Urban Centers
• More environmental impacts
• Cycle Rubber and Coffee
• Brasilia – new Capital
• Increase of CO2 emission – Development
• Immigration
• Agriculture to Industrialization
• Law Enforcement
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-
10,000,000
20,000,000
30,000,000
40,000,000
50,000,000
60,000,000
70,000,000
80,000,000
90,000,000
Yearly CO2 Emissions (tonnes)
1
2 3 4
5
6
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• 26th of July of 1911 – Creation of the first
Forest Reserve of Brazil
• 01st January 1916 - Promulgated the Civil Code
of the United States of Brazil that, amongst its
diverse disposals, enclosed questions of
ambient nature
• 1934 – Water Code, Hunting and Fich Code,
Forest Code are enacted
• 29th March 1940 - Mine Code enacted.
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State of São Paulo – 1500 to 1952
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Modern Times and its impacts
- Years Years 1970- 2010
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Modern Times and its impacts – Years 1970- 2010
• Increased of GDP
• Environmental Issues– Oil and Others
• Public Politics
• Development – Infrastructure
• Social Movements
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Brazil GPD
U.S. $ 2.143 trillion
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Comparative environmental occurrences from 1991 to 2010
Drought
sudden flood
storm
gradual flood
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Comparative environmental events
between decades
Drought
Sudden
Flood
Gradual
Flood
Hail
storm
Frost
Storm
Tornado Forest
fire
Mass
Movement
Fluvial
Erosion
Linear
Erosion
Marine
Erosion
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Affected by disaster
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Killed by type of disaster
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State of São Paulo – 1973 to 2000
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Public Politics
• 30th October 1973 - Special Secretariat of Environment (SEMA)
• 14th August 1975 - Rules created to regulate industrial pollution
• 21th September 1979 - Decree approved regulation of the Brazilian
National Parks
• 2nd July 1980 - Determined the basic lines of direction for the
industrial zoning in critical areas of pollution
• 27th April 1981 - Created the Law nº 6.902, 27th April 1981,
created the Ecological Stations and the Environmentally Protected
Zone
• 2nd September 1981 -National Politic of the Environment (PNMA),
that it has the objective to preservation, improvement and
recovery of the propitious ambient quality to the life
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Public Politics
• 01st June 1983 - The Natural Environmental Council (CONAMA) was
created. Frist resolution on 1986 - redefined the concept of
Ambient Impact and institutes criteria on the Study of
Environmental impact (EIA) and the Environmental impact report
(RIMA).
• 12th October 1988 - Program of Defense of the Ecosystem Complex
of the Legal Amazonian called Program Our Nature.
• October 1988 - Government promulgates new constitution that
explicitly gives citizens environmental rights.
• 22th February 1989 - Brazilian Institute of Environment and
Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA)
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Public Politics
• 27th October 1994 - Decree approved the Regulation of National
Forests
• 8th January 1997 - Federal Water Law (Law No. 9433) is enacted. It
establishes the National Water Resources Policy and National
System for Water Resources
• 17th July 2000 - Creation of the National Water Agency (ANA)
• 2nd August 2010 - National Politics of Solid Wast – deadline August
2014.
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Development – Infrastructure
• Angra, in 1971 – nuclear power
• Trans-Amazon Highway
• Polocentro at brazilian cerrado in 1975
• Itaipu Hydroelectric Plant in 1975 to 1982
• Belo Monte dam
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Deforestation in the Amazon
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Original coverage of the Cerrado and Map the Current
Remaining
Before
After 2012
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Brazilian Hydroelectric Potential and Plan
In Operation
Under
Construction
Planned
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Some effects of construction of Jirau/RO and Porto Velho/RO
Hydroelectric
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Yearly CO2 Emissions (tonnes) – from 1901 to 2006
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Brazil Wind Capacity
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Brazil Solar Capacity
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Conclusion
• Issues
– Society
– Environmental
– Corruption
– Development
– Energy
– Education
– Gender
Jul/14 | Rafa Art

Thanks for the attention!!
Hajimemashite
fb.com/rafael.art
rafael@agendasustentabilidade.com.br
www. agendasustentabilidade.com.br

Brazil environment, society and politics

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